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Interstate 90 in New York

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Interstate 90 marker
Interstate 90
Map
Map of New York with I-90 highlighted in red
Route information
Maintained by NYSTA and NYSDOT
Length385.48ย mi[1]ย (620.37ย km)
ExistedAugustย 14, 1957[2]โ€“present
NHSEntire route
Major junctions
Westย end I-90 at the Pennsylvania state line in Ripley
Major intersections
Eastย end
Location
CountryUnited States
StateNew York
CountiesChautauqua, Erie, Genesee, Monroe, Ontario, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Madison, Oneida, Herkimer, Montgomery, Schenectady, Albany, Rensselaer, Columbia
Highway system
โ† NYย 89Aโ†’ NYย 90

Interstateย 90 (I-90) is a part of the Interstate Highway System that runs from Seattle, Washington, to Boston, Massachusetts. In the US state of New York, I-90 extends 385.48 miles (620.37ย km) from the Pennsylvania state line at Ripley to the Massachusetts state line at Canaan, and is the second-longest highway in the state after New York State Route 17 (NYย 17). Although most of the route is part of the tolled New York State Thruway, two non-tolled sections exist along I-90 (the first, situated outside of Buffalo, is included in the Thruway system; the second, situated in the Capital District, is not part of the Thruway system and links Albany and its eastern suburbs). Within New York, I-90 has a complete set of auxiliary Interstates, which means that there are Interstates numbered I-190 through I-990 in the state, with no gaps in between. For most of its length in New York, I-90 runs parallel to the former Erie Canal route, NYย 5, US Routeย 20 (USย 20) and the CSX Transportation railroad mainline that traverses the state.

I-90 was assigned in 1957 as part of the establishment of the Interstate Highway System. In New York, it was overlaid on the preexisting New York State Thruway from Pennsylvania to Albany, from where it would have continued to Massachusetts on a new freeway that bypassed the Berkshire Connector to the north. Ultimately, the freeway was built from the Thruway mainline in Albany to the Berkshire Connector in Schodack, and I-90 was assigned to the segment of the connector east of the proposed freeway. The Albanyโ€“Schodack freeway was completed in stages during the 1960s and 1970s and fully open by 1977.

Route description

[edit]

New York State Thruway

[edit]

West of Albany, I-90 in New York is designated along the mainline of the New York State Thruway. The Thruway begins at the Pennsylvania state line in Chautauqua County, following the shore of Lake Erie northeast and passes through the town of Cheektowaga, a large suburb of Buffalo directly east of the city. Two auxiliary routes, I-190 (leading to Niagara Falls and connecting into Canada as Ontario Highway 405) and I-290 (a northerly bypass of Buffalo) connect with I-90 here. Both auxiliary routes provide access between I-90 and Canada's largest city, Toronto. East of Erie County, the Thruway turns east and passes through the suburbs of several major cities in Upstate New York, generally following the path of the Erie Canal. It passes south of Rochester and north of Syracuse, which are served by three auxiliary Interstate Highways: I-490 and I-390 connect to Rochester, while I-690 leads to Syracuse.[3] The speed limit, enforced by the New York State Police, is 65ย mph (105ย km/h) along most of this stretch.[4]

Approaching exitย 54 on I-90 westbound in West Seneca

East of Syracuse, the Thruway follows the Erie Canal and, later, the Mohawk River into the Mohawk Valley toward Utica, where I-90 skirts the northern edge of downtown and meets I-790, a short route leading into the city's center. Farther east, the freeway indirectly serves the canal and riverside cities of Little Falls (via NYย 169) and Amsterdam (NYย 30) on its way to Schenectady, where I-890 splits from the Thruway and serves as the connection to the city center. It rejoins I-90 in Albany County, where I-90 leaves the mainline of the Thruway at exitย 24 in Albany, which is signed for I-87 north and I-90 east. Here, the route designation of the Thruway changes from I-90 east to I-87 south. Traffic intending to continue on I-90 or reach I-87 north must exit the Thruway here. Exit numbers and mile markers for I-90 reset after exiting.[3]

Albany and Rensselaer counties

[edit]
Guilderland Service Area

The Albanyโ€“Schodack section of I-90โ€”the only portion of I-90 in New York that is not part of the Thruway systemโ€”begins concurrent with I-87 and heads southeast from Thruway exitย 24. Now a toll-free highway, I-90 and I-87 continue to exitsย 1N and 1S, which are for I-87 and Fuller Road Alternate, respectively. Located off exitย 1S and Fuller Road Alternate, an unsigned spur of the Northway leading to Western Avenue (USย 20), is Crossgates Mall in Guilderland. I-90 proceeds eastward, meeting Washington Avenue at an interchange connecting to the University of Albany, SUNY, a state university, eastbound and Fuller Road (CR 156) westbound.[citation needed]

Exitsย 3 and 4, located 0.6 miles (0.97ย km) apart in an area bounded by Washington and Central (NYย 5) avenues, lead to the W. Averell Harriman State Office Building Campus and the New York State Police Academy (exitย 3) and to the Crosstown Arterial (NYย 85 at exitย 4). I-90 subsequently crosses over NYย 5 and passes north of Westgate Plaza as it connects to Everett Road (CRย 155). The freeway continues along the northern edge of Albany to exitย 5A,[citation needed] a large trumpet interchange originally built to serve I-687.[5] After that project was canceled, it was repurposed as an exit for Corporate Woods Boulevard. East of exitย 5A, I-90 passes by slightly more residential areas ahead of a stack interchange with USย 9 one mile (1.6ย km) north of downtown Albany. Albany Memorial Hospital is located just north of the exit on USย 9.[citation needed]

The stack interchange between I-90 and USย 9 in Albany as seen from I-90 eastbound

Not far to the east of USย 9 is a second stack interchange, connecting I-90 to I-787 in the industrial northeasternmost section of the city of Albany. At this point, I-90 turns to the southeast and follows the Patroon Island Bridge over the Hudson River and into Rensselaer County. Across the river, I-90 becomes the Rensselaer County Veterans Memorial Highway and passes through much less developed areas. In its first 1.5 miles (2.4ย km) in the county, the freeway meets Washington Avenue at the northern edge of the city of Rensselaer and the west end of NYย 43 in the town of North Greenbush, southwest of USย 4 and Defreestville. South of NYย 43, I-90 and USย 4 follow parallel routings into East Greenbush, where I-90 directly connects to USย 4 at exitย 9.[citation needed]

I-90 heads southeastward across an undeveloped, forested section of the county, crossing over NYย 151 and entering the town of Schodack, where it meets Miller Road, a connector between I-90 and the concurrent routes of USย 9 and USย 20. The freeway and the overlapping US Routes follow similar routings to Schodack Center, at which point I-90 finally connects to USย 9 and USย 20 at exitsย 11E and 11W. I-90 heads due south from this point, passing over NYย 150 and paralleling USย 9, which splits from USย 20 at Schodack Center. The routes cross paths again at exitย 12 just north of where I-90 rejoins the Thruway system at exitย B1 of the Berkshire Connector.[citation needed]

Berkshire Connector

[edit]

I-90 heads southeast on the connector, meeting the north end of the Taconic State Parkway in the Columbia County town of Chatham at exitย B2 and NYย 22 at exitย B3 in the town of Canaan one mile (1.6ย km) from the Massachusetts state line. The Berkshire Connector ends at the state line; however, I-90 continues southeast into Massachusetts as the Massachusetts Turnpike.[3]

History

[edit]
Overhead signage for exitย 24 in Albany, where I-90 leaves the Thruway mainline to serve downtown Albany
The Berkshire Connector (I-90) near exitย B2 in Chatham

The eastโ€“west corridor I-90 follows across New York has always been major, followed by the Genesee Trail (1790s), Erie Canal (1825), New York Central Railroad (1853), and later the Yellowstone Trail (1912), which became USย 20 and NYย 5.[original research?] It was planned as part of a nationwide toll road system as early as 1938.[6] Exactly which cities would be served changed over the years, but it was the state of New York that made the decision in 1942, when they passed a law for the construction of a New York Cityโ€“Albanyโ€“Buffaloโ€“Pennsylvania "thruway". This highway, passing Utica, Syracuse, and Rochester on its path between Albany and Buffalo, would provide construction jobs in the post-World War II period.[7] The Berkshire Thruway, a branch east from near Albany to Massachusetts, was authorized in 1944, completing the eastโ€“west route across the state.[8] However, construction, which began in 1946, proceeded very slowly, with only one four-mile (6.4ย km) portion open by 1950, when a law created the New York State Thruway Authority (NYSTA) to operate the route as a toll road. Construction then progressed much more rapidly, especially after 1954, when the authority was allowed to issue bonds not backed by the state (thus having higher interest rates).[9] The roadway was completed between Buffalo and Albany in 1954,[10] to New York City in 1956,[11] to Pennsylvania in 1957,[12] and to Massachusetts in 1959.[13]

Free I-90 eastbound in Rensselaer

In the meantime, the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act was enacted in 1956, promising a toll-free network of Interstate Highways throughout the nation. The Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) commissioner soon announced that the toll road met all federal Interstate Highway standards,[14] and, on Augustย 14, 1957, most of the mainline of the Thruway was incorporated into the system as part of I-87 and I-90. Most of the connecting Massachusetts Turnpike was also included, but a more northerly alignment, avoiding the Berkshire Thruway, was proposed by the states of New York and Massachusetts for I-90 through Albany past Pittsfield to East Lee, Massachusetts.[2][15] This alignment would be about 30ย percent shorter than the all-toll alignment and would provide relief to the four-lane Castleton Bridge on the Berkshire Thruway, which had been built narrower than the rest of the system because of the planned parallel alternate.[16] The BPR objected to the duplication, which would cost over $90ย million (equivalent to $793ย million in 2024[17]), and refused to approve this alignment.[18] The eventual route ran southeast from Albany to the Berkshire Thruway at the Nassau interchange, providing Albany with an alternate route and additional bridge but not offering any savings in distance and creating a "toll trap" for drivers accessing the Taconic State Parkway from Albany.[19]

Construction on the route of I-90 through Albany began c.โ€‰1963, with both ends at existing Thruway interchanges: exitย 24, which crossed the Adirondack Northway (I-87) at a cloverleaf interchange and connected to Washington Avenue in western Albany, and exitย B1, which connected to USย 9 near Nassau.[20][21] Work on the freeway began at the Northway and progressed southeasterly to the Berkshire Connector in Rensselaer County. The portion between the Northway and Everett Road was opened to traffic in the mid-1960s[22][23] while the piece extending from Everett Road to USย 4 east of Rensselaer was completed in the early 1970s.[24][25] The last section of the highway was completed to USย 9 and USย 20 in Schodack Center c.โ€‰1974[26][27] and finished by 1977.[28] The Northway cloverleaf was rebuilt in the late 1980s.[29][30]

In 1999, the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT), the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and NYSTA discussed redesignating the Berkshire Connector as I-90 and redesignating the non-toll part of I-90 from Thruway exitย 24 to exitย B1 on the connector as I-88. The section of the Thruway between exitsย 25 andย 24 would then be codesignated as both I-90 and I-88. This was never implemented.[31]

Exit list

[edit]

The mileposts below for the non-Thruway section follow actual signage, where mileย 0.00 is located at exitย 24 of the Thruway.

All exits in New York use sequential numbering.[32][33]

CountyLocation[33]mi[34][33]kmExitDestinationsNotes
ChautauquaRipley496.00798.23โ€“
I-90 westย โ€“ Erie

New York Thruway begins
Continuation into Pennsylvania; western terminus of New York Thruway
494.92796.5061


Shortman Road (NYย 950D) to USย 20ย / NYย 5ย / NYย 76ย โ€“ Ripley
Last eastbound exit before toll
488.50786.16Ripley Toll Gantry (E-ZPass or Toll by Mail)
Town of Westfield485.00780.5360 NYย 394ย โ€“ Westfield, Mayville
Town of Dunkirk467.74752.7559 NYย 60ย โ€“ Dunkirk, Fredonia
Hanover455.54733.1258

To USย 20ย / NYย 5ย โ€“ Silver Creek, Irving
Access to Lakeshore Hospital
ErieEvans446.60718.73Angola Service Area
444.87715.9557AEden, Angola
Town of Hamburg436.22702.0357 NYย 75ย โ€“ Hamburg, East Aurora
432.45695.9656
NYย 179 (Milestrip Road) to USย 62ย โ€“ Blasdell, Orchard Park
Orchard Park not signed westbound
Lackawanna431.15693.87Lackawanna Toll Gantry (E-ZPass or Toll by Mail)
West Seneca55Ridge Roadย โ€“ Lackawanna, West SenecaEastbound exit and westbound entrance; access via US 219
429.47691.16
USย 219 southย โ€“ Orchard Park, Springville
Westbound exit and eastbound entrance; northern terminus of US 219; last westbound exit before toll
427.94688.7054

NYย 400 south to NYย 16ย โ€“ West Seneca, East Aurora
Northern terminus of NY 400
Cheektowaga426.17685.8553
I-190 northย โ€“ Downtown Buffalo, Canada, Niagara Falls
Southern terminus of I-190
424.92683.8452AWilliam Street
423.19681.0652Walden Avenue โ€“ Cheektowaga, BuffaloSigned as exits 52E (east) and 52W (west)
421.57678.4551 NYย 33ย โ€“ Buffalo, Buffalo Niagara International AirportSigned as exits 51E (east) and 51W (west)
420.93677.4250ACleveland DriveEastbound exit and westbound entrance
Cheektowagaโ€“Amherst
town line
420.34676.4750
I-290 westย โ€“ Niagara Falls
Eastern terminus of I-290; interchange formerly served NYย 5;[35] last eastbound exit before toll
Amherst418.15672.95Williamsville Toll Gantry (E-ZPass or Toll by Mail)
Cheektowagaโ€“Amherst
town line
417.27671.5349 NYย 78ย โ€“ Depew, Lockport, Buffalo Niagara International Airport
Lancaster411.60662.41Clarence Service Area (westbound)
GeneseePembroke401.72646.5148A NYย 77ย โ€“ Pembroke, Medina
397.00638.91Pembroke Service Area (eastbound)
Town of Batavia390.13627.8548 NYย 98ย โ€“ Batavia
Town of Le Roy379.10610.10Toll Gantry (E-ZPass or Toll by Mail)
378.56609.2347
I-490 eastย / NYย 19ย โ€“ Le Roy, Rochester
Western terminus of I-490
375.20603.83Ontario Service Area (westbound)
MonroeChili368.80593.53Toll Gantry (E-ZPass or Toll by Mail)
Henrietta365.30587.89Scottsville Service Area (eastbound)
362.44583.2946
I-390ย / NYย 253 to NYย 15ย โ€“ Rochester, Corning
Exit 12B on I-390
Town of Pittsford358.10576.31Toll Gantry (E-ZPass or Toll by Mail)
OntarioTown of Victor NYย 96Replaced by exit 45 c.โ€‰1970[36]
350.99564.8645
I-490 westย / NYย 96ย โ€“ Rochester, Victor
Victor not signed westbound; eastern terminus of I-490
349.20561.98Seneca Service Area (westbound)
348.00560.05Toll Gantry (E-ZPass or Toll by Mail)
Farmington347.13558.6544
NYย 332 southย โ€“ Canandaigua, Victor
Victor not signed eastbound; northern terminus of NY 332
Town of Manchester340.70548.30Toll Gantry (E-ZPass or Toll by Mail)
340.15547.4243
NYย 21 to NYย 96ย โ€“ Manchester, Palmyra
336.90542.19Clifton Springs Service Area (eastbound)
Town of Phelps327.10526.4242
NYย 14ย / NYย 318 eastย โ€“ Geneva, Lyons
Western terminus of NY 318
SenecaJunius323.60520.78Junius Ponds Service Area (westbound)
Tyre320.41515.6541 NYย 414ย โ€“ Waterloo, Clyde
CayugaMontezuma310.10499.06Port Byron Service Area (eastbound)
Brutus304.19489.5540 NYย 34ย โ€“ Weedsport, Auburn
OnondagaVan Buren294.60474.11Toll Gantry (E-ZPass or Toll by Mail)
291.30468.80Warners Service Area (westbound)
289.53465.9539

I-690 eastย / NYย 690 northย โ€“ Syracuse, Fulton
Western terminus and exit 6 on I-690; southern terminus of NY 690
288.80464.78Toll Gantry (E-ZPass or Toll by Mail)
Salina285.95460.1938 CR 57ย โ€“ Liverpool, Syracuse
283.79456.7237Electronics Parkwayย โ€“ Liverpool, SyracuseSigned for Liverpool westbound, Syracuse eastbound
283.40456.09Toll Gantry (E-ZPass or Toll by Mail)
282.93455.3336 I-81ย โ€“ Watertown, Binghamton, Syracuse AirportExit 7 on I-81; future business loop of I-81
281.30452.71Toll Gantry (E-ZPass or Toll by Mail)
DeWitt279.40449.65DeWitt Service Area (eastbound)
278.93448.8935 NYย 298ย / NYย 635ย / Carrier Circleย โ€“ Syracuse, East Syracuse
277.50446.59Toll Gantry (E-ZPass or Toll by Mail)
276.58445.1134A
I-481 to I-690ย โ€“ Syracuse, Oswego, Chittenango
Exit 90 on I-481; signed for Oswego westbound, Chittenango eastbound; future realignment of I-81
Town of Manlius276.10444.34Toll Gantry (E-ZPass or Toll by Mail)
MadisonSullivan266.20428.41Chittenango Service Area (westbound)
Canastota261.50420.8434 NYย 13ย โ€“ Canastota, Chittenango, OneidaSigned for Chittenango westbound, Oneida eastbound
OneidaVerona252.71406.7033 NYย 365ย โ€“ Verona, Oneida, RomeSigned for Oneida westbound, Rome eastbound
Westmoreland244.00392.68Oneida Service Area (eastbound)
243.37391.6732 NYย 233ย โ€“ Westmoreland, RomeAccess via Cider Street; Rome not signed eastbound
Utica232.85374.7431
I-790 westย / NYย 8ย / NYย 12ย โ€“ Utica, Rome
Rome not signed eastbound; eastern terminus of I-790
HerkimerSchuyler227.00365.32Schuyler Service Area (westbound)
Village of Herkimer219.70353.5730 NYย 28ย โ€“ Herkimer, Mohawk
Danube210.62338.9629A
To NYย 169ย โ€“ Little Falls, Dolgeville
209.90337.80Indian Castle-Iroquois Service Area
MontgomeryTown of Canajoharie194.10312.3729
To NYย 10ย โ€“ Canajoharie, Sharon Springs
Access via NY 5S
RootMohawk Valley Welcome Center (westbound)
Fultonville182.17293.1728 NYย 30Aย โ€“ Fultonville, FondaAccess to Fulton County Airport
Floridaโ€“Amsterdam line173.59279.3727 NYย 30ย โ€“ Amsterdam
Florida171.80276.49Mohawk Service Area (eastbound)
168.20270.69Pattersonville Service Area (westbound)
SchenectadyRotterdam162.22261.0726


I-890 eastย / NYย 5S west to NYย 5ย โ€“ Schenectady, Scotia
Western terminus and exit 1B on I-890; access to NY 5 via NY 890
161.00259.10Toll Gantry (E-ZPass or Toll by Mail)
158.82255.6025A

I-88 west to NYย 7ย โ€“ Schenectady, Binghamton
Eastern terminus of I-88
157.80253.95Toll Gantry (E-ZPass or Toll by Mail)
AlbanyGuilderland153.83247.5725

I-890 westย / NYย 7 to NYย 146ย โ€“ Schenectady
Eastern terminus of I-890
152.80245.91Guilderland Service Area (eastbound)
Albany149.60240.76Toll Gantry (E-ZPass or Toll by Mail)
148.15
0.00
238.42
0.00
24


I-87 Toll southย / New York Thruway south to Massย Pike eastย โ€“ New York City
Eastern end of Thruway concurrency; western end of I-87 concurrency; exit number not signed westbound
1

I-87 north to USย 20 (Western Avenue)ย โ€“ Albany International Airport, Montreal, Saratoga
Access to US 20 via NY 910F; signed as exits 1S (US 20) and 1N (I-87); eastern end of I-87 concurrency; last westbound exit before toll
0.801.292Fuller Road (CR 156)ย / Washington Avenue (NYย 910D west)ย โ€“ UAlbanySigned for Fuller Road westbound, Washington Avenue eastbound
1.852.983State OfficesAccess via Campus Access Road
2.193.524
NYย 85 westย โ€“ Slingerlands, Voorheesville
Eastern terminus of NYย 85
3.195.135
CR 155 (Everett Road) to NYย 5
3.806.125ACorporate Woods BoulevardFormerly planned for I-687
5.108.216 USย 9ย โ€“ Loudonville, Arbor Hill
6.169.916A I-787ย โ€“ Troy, AlbanyExit 5 on I-787; access to MVP Arena and Albanyโ€“Rensselaer station
Hudson River6.4110.32Patroon Island Bridge
RensselaerRensselaer6.9211.147Washington Avenueย โ€“ RensselaerEastbound exit and westbound entrance
North Greenbush7.7312.448
NYย 43 eastย โ€“ Defreestville
Western terminus of NYย 43
East Greenbush9.4715.249 USย 4ย โ€“ East Greenbush, Rensselaer, Troy
Schodack13.1021.0810 CR 54 (Miller Road)ย โ€“ Schodack Center, East Greenbush
14.5123.3511 USย 9ย / USย 20ย โ€“ East Greenbush, NassauSigned as exits 11W (north/west) and 11E (south/east) eastbound
19.5731.4912 USย 9ย โ€“ Hudson, Castleton-on-HudsonLast eastbound exit before toll
19.9932.17Exit B1 Toll Gantry (E-ZPass or Toll by Mail)
20.39
6.58
32.81
10.59
B1


Berkshire Connector west to I-87 Tollย / New York Thruwayย โ€“ New York City, Buffalo
Western end of Berkshire Connector concurrency; exit number not signed eastbound; former routing of I-90
ColumbiaChatham15.0924.29B2

Taconic State Parkway south to NYย 295ย โ€“ Chatham, East Chatham, Canaan
Access to NY 295 via Upper Cady Road; northern terminus of Taconic State Parkway
Canaan18.129.1Canaan Toll Gantry (E-ZPass or Toll by Mail)
23.2737.45B3 NYย 22ย โ€“ Austerlitz, New Lebanon, West Stockbridge, Stockbridge
24.2839.07โ€“

I-90 Toll eastย / Massย Pike eastย โ€“ Boston

Berkshire Connector ends
Continuation into Massachusetts; eastern terminus of Berkshire Connector
1.000ย mi = 1.609ย km; 1.000ย km = 0.621ย mi

Auxiliary routes

[edit]
  • I-190 runs from I-90/NY Thruway along the Niagara Thruway/Expressway to its terminus at the Canadian border on the Lewistonโ€“Queenston Bridge.
  • I-290 runs from I-190 to I-90, and provides the fastest road link between Toronto and the Northeastern United States.
  • I-390 runs from the Southern Tier Expressway (I-86/NY 17), travels 76 miles to Rochester and ends at I-490.
  • I-490 serves the city of Rochester and comprises part of the Inner Loop.
  • I-590 serves the city of Rochester and connects I-390 and I-490.
  • I-690 serves the city of Syracuse and its downtown.
  • I-790 serves the city of Utica, and is concurrent with NY 5 during its whole 2.41 miles (3.88 kilometers)
  • I-890 serves the city of Schenectady, and serves its downtown.
  • I-990 is the highest number interstate in the whole system.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. โ†‘ Starks, Edward (January 27, 2022). "Table 1: Main Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways". FHWA Route Log and Finder List. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  2. 1 2 Official route numbering for the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways (Map). American Association of State Highway Officials. August 14, 1957.
  3. 1 2 3 New York State Map (Map). Cartography by Map Works. I Love New York. 2009.
  4. โ†‘ "History of NY Thruway 1991โ€“2000". Archived from the original on August 15, 2016. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
  5. โ†‘ "History". Adirondack Northway Exit 3 Project. New York State Department of Transportation. Retrieved June 11, 2010.
  6. โ†‘ Location of Routes Selected for Study (Map). Bureau of Public Roads. 1938.
  7. โ†‘ Statement by Assemblyman Moffat and Senator Hampton Relative to the Establishment of a State Thruway System, March 13, 1942, New York Legislative Document, 1942, v. 15 no. 80โ€“82, p. 153
  8. โ†‘ "The New York State Thruway: The Beginning". Thruway Chronology. New York State Thruway Authority. 2002. Archived from the original on October 29, 2010. Retrieved November 18, 2010.
  9. โ†‘ Kaszynski, William (2000). The American Highway: The History and Culture of Roads in the United States. McFarland & Company. pp.ย 141โ€“142. ISBNย 0-7864-0822-7.
  10. โ†‘ Weaver, Warren Jr. (October 27, 1954). "More of Thruway Opened by Dewey". The New York Times. p.ย 31.
  11. โ†‘ Ingraham, Joseph C. (August 27, 1956). "Thruway Opening Final Link Friday". The New York Times. p.ย 21.
  12. โ†‘ "The Thruway Becomes the Longest Toll Road". The New York Times. December 15, 1957. p.ย 159.
  13. โ†‘ Ingraham, Joseph C. (May 24, 1959). "Boston to Chicago". The New York Times. p.ย XX1.
  14. โ†‘ Pierce, Bret (September 19, 1956). "Thruway Called a Model Project". The New York Times. p.ย 39.
  15. โ†‘ "Traffic Engineering for I90". Traffic Engineering. 28. Institute of Traffic Engineers. 1957.
  16. โ†‘ Highway Cost Estimates: Hearings before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Public Works, 1958, p. 173
  17. โ†‘ Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). "What Was the U.S. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved November 30, 2023. United States Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the MeasuringWorth series.
  18. โ†‘ U.S. Congress, Miscellaneous Highway Legislation, 1961, p. 112
  19. โ†‘ "Rockefeller Urged to Veto Road Link". The New York Times. March 30, 1964. p.ย 25.
  20. โ†‘ New York with Sight-Seeing Guide (Map) (1962ย ed.). Cartography by General Drafting. Esso. 1962.
  21. โ†‘ New York Happy Motoring Guide (Map) (1963ย ed.). Cartography by General Drafting. Esso. 1963.
  22. โ†‘ New York (Map). Cartography by Rand McNally and Company. Mobil. 1965.
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