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"Into the Groove"
Song
B-side"Shoo-Bee-Doo"

"Into the Groove" is a song by American recording artist Madonna. An alternate version (a Demo that fades out before the end) of the song was in fact included on the film's soundtrack. It was released as a single on July 23, 1985 by Warner Bros. Records, supporting the 1985 film Desperately Seeking Susan. A Remixed version of the song was released in the UK to promote the film. This version of the song later appeared on the 1985 European re-issue of her second studio album, Like a Virgin, and was also included on her 2009 greatest hits album, Celebration. Remixed versions of the song appear on the 1987 remix compilation, You Can Dance, and the 1990 greatest hits compilation, The Immaculate Collection. Madonna's inspiration behind the song was the dance floor, and she wrote it while watching a handsome Puerto Rican man, across her balcony. Initially written for her friend Mark Kamins, Madonna later decided to use it in the soundtrack of Desperately Seeking Susan. "Into the Groove" was recorded at Sigma Sound Studios. Another remixed version, titled "Into the Hollywood Groove", was created by Madonna in 2003; it featured a rap by Missy Elliott.

"Into the Groove" consists of instrumentation from drums, percussion, congas and whistles. Madonna's voice is double-tracked in the chorus; the song also consists of musical contrasts, overdubs, and Madonna's voice in lower register during the bridge. The lyrics of the song are simple, and written as an invitation to dance with the singer, with sexual innuendos and undertones in the meaning. The song was appreciated by contemporary critics as well as authors, who frequently called it "Madonna's first great single". The song was a commercial success, reaching the top of the charts in Australia, Belgium, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, where it was Madonna's first number-one single. In some countries, such as the United States and Australia, "Into the Groove" was released only as the B-side to the maxi-single of "Angel".

A music video, consisting of clips from the film, was released to accompany the song. Madonna later noted that she felt "retarded" while singing "Into the Groove". The song has been performed by Madonna in most of her concert tours, the most recent being the Sticky & Sweet Tour of 2008–09. The song has been covered by a number of artists, including Australian singer Dannii Minogue, who combined the song with her single "Don't Wanna Lose This Feeling".

Background

"Into the Groove" was written by Madonna and Steve Bray. During an interview with Time, Madonna said that she wrote the song while watching a Latin boy across her balcony.[1] Calling the song 'dorky', Madonna explained:

"When I was writing it, I was sitting in a fourth-floor walk-up on Avenue-B, and there was this gorgeous Puerto Rican boy sitting across me that I wanted to go out on a date with, and I just wanted to get [the song] over with. I ultimately did go out with him and the song was finished just before my last date with him, which I'm kinda happy that it did not continue."[2]
"The dance floor was quite a magical place for me. I started off wanting to be a dancer, so that had a lot to do with [the song]. The freedom that I always feel when I'm dancing, that feeling of inhabiting your body, letting yourself go, expressing yourself through music. I always thought of it as a magical place – even if you're not taking ecstasy. Hence that came to me as the primary inspiration for ['Into the Groove']."[3]

She had written the song for her friend Mark Kamins' protégée, Chyne. Kamins made Madonna record a demo of the song, which he wished to modify later for Chyne.[4] However, Madonna believed that the song would be more suitable for her film Desperately Seeking Susan, and re-recorded it with Bray, making it suitable for the soundtrack.[4] When Kamins came to know about it, he was furious that Madonna did not have the courtesy to tell him that she wanted the song for a different purpose. He felt walked over by Madonna, who retorted: "I'm tough, I'm ambitious and I know exactly what I want. If that makes me a bitch, that's okay." Ultimately Madonna won and the song was added to the soundtrack of Desperately Seeking Susan.[4]

The music video was made up of clips from the film, with the lyrics often matching the images. Doug Dowdle of Parallax Productions, a company that pioneered in movie tie-in music videos during the 1980s, created this video from edited footage of the movie, directed by Susan Seidelman. This was done because already five Madonna videos were on power rotation on MTV, and Warner Bros. did not want the audience to be saturated with any new video. Hence, they decided to use the shots from the film and made a music video.[5] During a 2009 interview with Rolling Stone, Madonna commented: "'Into the Groove' is another song I feel retarded singing, but everybody seems to like it."[6]

Recording

A faraway image of a stage. A number of people are jump-roping in the middle, central of which is a blonde woman. Behind them, huge video screens portray yellow colored cartoons dancing with their hands up.
The double Dutch jump interlude, performed on the Sticky & Sweet Tour. Cartoons by Keith Haring appear on the background.

Madonna and Bray started on the re-recording and changed some portion of the lyrics. Bray commented on the recording sessions as: "I've always kind of made the rib cage and the skeleton [music] of the song already – she's there for the last things like the eyebrows and the haircut [lyrics]. She writes in a stream of mood really."[4] "Into the Groove" was recorded at Sigma Sound Studios. Madonna's friend Erika Belle was present during the recording and watched the whole process. In Andrew Morton's Madonna biography, she noted that at one point of the recording, Bray was facing difficulties with the bridge of the song, as the melody thought by him was not syncing with the rest of the composition.[4] Undeterred by his obvious difficulties, Madonna stepped up to the microphone and sang the words "Live out your fantasy here with me". Bray's problem was solved; Belle remembered the experience as: "[The song] seemed to come out of her, I was awestruck."[4]

Madonna re-tailored the song in 2003, and developed a remix called "Into the Hollywood Groove", which replaced the first verse of "Into the Groove" with the first verse of Madonna's single "Hollywood" (2003). The lyrics of the chorus were also slightly altered and it featured a rap by Missy Elliott. This version of the song was used for a Gap commercial in the summer of 2003, featuring Madonna and Elliot in Gap jeans.[7] A further remixed version, composed by Josh Harris and Omar Galeano as "The Passengerz", was included in the 2003 Madonna remix album Remixed & Revisited.[8]

Composition

"Into the Groove"
A 20 second sample of "Into the Groove", featuring Madonna singing the chorus of the song, backed by sound of heavy drumbeats and a synth bassline.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

"Into the Groove" begins with a spoken introduction by Madonna, and the sound of drums and synth bassline being heard. This is followed by the chorus, where Madonna's voice is double tracked and the treble is increased by a notch. A synth line counterpoints the main tune, adding a contrast.[2] The bridge, where Madonna sings the line "Live out your fantasy", features her vocals in a lower register alongside the main ones.[2] According the to sheet music published in Musicnotes.com by Alfred Publishing Co. Inc., the song is set in the time signature of common time with a medium tempo of 116 beats per minute. The song is set in the key of E♭ major with Madonna's voice spanning from the high-tone of C4 to the low-tone of D5. It has a basic sequence of Cm7–B♭/C–Cm7–A♯7 as its chord progression.[9] The song was remixed in 1987 by Shep Pettibone for Madonna's remix compilation You Can Dance.[10] In the remixed version, overdubs are present with the continuous repetition of the phrase "c'mon". The first verse does not start until about ninety seconds into the remix. After the first "Now I know you're mine" line is sung, there is a percussion break, and repetition of the phrases "step to the beat" and "c'mon". The last verse incorporates echoing on the vocals, causing overlap of the phrases. The remix ends with instrumentation from congas, whistles and timbales, giving it a Mexican ending.[11] Pettibone again remixed the song in 1990 alongside Goh Hotoda for The Immaculate Collection compilation.[12]

The lyrics of the song are simple, and is written as an invitation to dance with the singer. Despite the simple lyrics, it carries sexual innuendos and undertones in the meaning.[2] Similar to Madonna's previous single "Like a Virgin" (1984), a lyrical hook is also present in "Into the Groove", directed at shy girls. The line "At night I lock the door so no-one else can see" implied that Madonna was not as brazen as her provocative image suggested.[2] According to Barker, the nostalgic people would instantly recognize the song's lyrics at night clubs. He added that the line "Only when I'm dancing can I feel this free" sum up the freedom that a dance floor brings about, with the dancers happy to find freedom in the music.[13] A neume is visible in the line "Live out your fantasy here with me", which Barker believed, blurred the boundaries of reality and brought one closer to the world of fantasy.[13]

Critical reception

A blond woman with long wavy hair and wearing a red gym short and long black boots standing on a DJ's console supported by a long pole. She looks down and points to the front with her right hand. The male DJ, wearing a purple cap, is on her left and points to her. The front of the console is a video screen where colorful cartoon silhouettes are dancing. A similar colorful backdrop is visible behind the woman.
Madonna performing "Into the Groove" on the Sticky & Sweet Tour

J. Randy Taraborrelli, author of Madonna: An Intimate Biography, said that the song demonstrated Madonna's ability to create infectitious dance music.[1] Rikky Rooksby, author of Madonna: the complete guide to her music, said that "'Into the Groove' will make you feel like you're a winner either way. And that's one of the best things pop music can do for ya. [It's] Madonna's first great single."[2] Clive Barker and Simon Trussler, authors of New Theatre Quarterly, felt that the song was the first disco-anthem of the 1980s.[13] Toby Cresswell, author of 1001 Songs: The Great Songs of All Time and the Artists, Stories and Secrets, said that the song is a "sweet, limited white tune on the top, and there's Madonna – all the right-shop chic – dragging the straight world into this subterranean paradise. All the magic of the eighties is right here."[3] Matthew Rettenmund, author of Totally Awesome 80s: A Lexicon of the Music, Videos, Movies, TV Shows, Stars, and Trends of that Decadent Decade, declared "Into the Groove" as the ultimate 80s song and felt that it "cemented Madonna's place as the dancing queen of the era".[14] Dawn Keetley and John Pettigrew, authors of Public Women, Public Words: A Documentary History of American Feminism, called it a "mesmerizing theme song".[15]

Santiago Fouz-Hernández and Freya Jarman-Ivens, authors of Madonna's drowned worlds: new approaches to her cultural transformations, commented that the song "taunted playfully".[16] Sal Cinquemani from Slant Magazine ranked it at twenty-nine on the list of "100 Greatest Dance Songs". He commented: "It's hard to imagine the most famous woman in the world dancing alone in her bedroom at night, locking the doors so 'no one else can see' (as she sings on 'Groove'), even 20 years ago, but you can't help but believe her. The song—and Madonna's performance—are that good."[17] Alfred Soto from Stylus Magazine commented that "'Into the Groove' itself is as much wish-fulfillment as 'Crazy For You'. [...] The only mystery: why it's the last self-written Madonna single to date."[18] Austin Scaggs from Rolling Stone commented that the song had "an amazing bassline".[6] In 2003, Madonna fans were asked to vote for their top-twenty Madonna singles of all-time by Q magazine; "Into the Groove" was allocated the number-three spot.[19] In 2009, the song was ranked at ninety on Blender magazine's "The 500 Greatest Songs Since You Were Born".[20]

Chart performance

File:Into The Groove Sticky & Sweet Tour.jpg
Madonna performing "Into the Groove" on the Sticky & Sweet Tour.

In the United States, due to similar problems with "Crazy for You" and "Material Girl" being released at the same time and competing with each other, it was decided against releasing "Into the Groove" as a 7" single so it would not compete with "Angel", the third single off the Like a Virgin album.[2] After its successful performance in United Kingdom, "Into the Groove" was added to the album. Record stores in the U.S. had to put up signs to tell consumers that the song was available on the "Angel" maxi-single; it contributed to additional sales of the "Angel" maxi-single.[2] "Into the Groove" is Madonna's most played song on Billboard's Recurrent Airplay Chart.[17] The song debuted on Billboard's Hot Dance Club Play chart at forty, alongside "Angel", on the issue dated June 1, 1985.[21] After four weeks, it reached the top of the chart and also reached nineteen on the Hot Black Singles chart.[22] On June 6, 1985, "Angel/Into the Groove" was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipment of one million copies across the U.S. – the requirement for a gold single prior to 1989.[23][24] It was the first 12-inch single to be certified gold since Frankie Smith's "Double Dutch Bus" (1981).[25] The song placed at twelve on the Dance year-end charts and sold approximately 600,000 copies of the 12" single; the single reached number-one on the Hot Dance Singles Sales chart.[26][27]

"Into the Groove" debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number four, on the chart dated July 27, 1985.[28] It reached the top of the chart for four weeks, staying on for sixteen weeks.[28] The song was Madonna's first number-one single in United Kingdom.[29] During its stay at number-one, Madonna's first UK hit "Holiday" was at number-two position. It made her the first female artist in UK chart history to hold the top-two positions of the chart simultaneously.[30] It was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for shipment of 400,000 copies of the single.[31] The song was the third biggest selling UK single of 1985, behind Jennifer Rush's "The Power of Love" and Elaine Paige's and Barbara Dickson's "I Know Him So Well".[30] In Australia, "Into the Groove" charted as a combined single with "Angel" and reached the top of the Kent Music Report chart. It was the second-highest selling single of 1985 in Australia.[32] Across Europe and Oceania, the song was able to reach the top of the charts in Belgium, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Netherlands and New Zealand, and in the top-ten of Austria, France, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Billboard's European Hot 100 Singles chart.[33][34][35][36][37][38][39]

Live performances

A blond woman with long wavy hair and wearing a red gym short and long black boots standing on a DJ's console supported by a long pole. She looks to the right of the image while the DJ looks at her. Blue colored cartoons are visible behind her, on screens.
Madonna performing "Into the Groove" on the Sticky & Sweet Tour

Madonna performed "Into the Groove" on The Virgin Tour in 1985, the Who's That Girl World Tour in 1987, the Blond Ambition World Tour in 1990, the Re-Invention World Tour in 2004 and the Sticky & Sweet Tour in 2008–2009. In The Virgin Tour, "Into the Groove" was the third song of the setlist. Madonna wore a blue see-through crop-top, revealing her characteristic black bra. She had lacy leggings and crucifixes around her ear and her neck. Her hair was tied at the top and fell in unkempt manner around her ears.[40] She had a tambourine in her hand like her two male dancers, and together they sang the song while standing in front of a microphone in tandem.[41] The performance was included on the video release titled Live – The Virgin Tour, shot in Detroit.[42] She also performed it on her Live Aid performance on July 13, 1985.[43] In the Who's That Girl World Tour of 1987, "Into the Groove" was the second-last song before the encore. The outfit she wore during the performance was inspired by artist Andy Warhol. It consisted of a loose pant with a tin of Campbell's soup on the side, the letter U in the front and the word DANCE in the back; it was designed so that when she turned, audience were able to read 'U [Can] Dance]'.[44] In the middle of her singing, a young boy joined her on stage to dance alongside. Madonna then wore a pink bolero jacket. At the end she is joined by her backup singers and dancers. Together they take a bow to the audience and finish the performance.[45] Two different performances of the song on this tour can be found on the videos: Who's That Girl – Live in Japan, filmed in Tokyo on June 22, 1987,[46] and Ciao, Italia! – Live from Italy, filmed in Turin on September 4, 1987.[47]

Three years later on the Blond Ambition World Tour, "Into the Groove" was again performed before the encore. Madonna, her backup singers Niki Haris and Donna De Lory were portrayed as seduced by three macho guys in leather jackets. The girls asked them to "prove their love to them" and wondered if they would wear a condom when necessary. After that, they sing the Shep Pettibone extended remix of "Into The Groove".[48] Two different performances were taped and released on video, the Blond Ambition – Japan Tour 90, taped in Yokohama on April 27, 1990,[49] and the Live! – Blond Ambition World Tour 90, taped in Nice, France, on August 5, 1990.[50] In the Re-Invention World Tour of 2004, Madonna included the song at the start of the final segment, which started with Scottish bagpiper players parading around the stage in kilts and playing drums and pipes. Madonna appeared onstage in similar long kilts and a white sleeveless t-shirt to perform "Into the Groove" with Scottish bagpiper group Lorne Cousin. Missy Elliot appeared on the video screen.[51] The song was added to the setlist of 2008–2009 Sticky & Sweet Tour. Elements of Cassius's "Toop Toop", Frankie Smith's "Double Dutch Bus", The Sugarhill Gang's "Apache (Jump On It)" and Madonna's own "Jump" were added to the performance.[52] "Into the Groove" marked the beginning of the second segment titled Old School.[53] It began with Madonna appearing on the stage in shorts and t-shirt, while skipping to a DJ station. She started singing the song while cartoon characters from late artist, and Madonna's friend, Keith Haring dance on the backdrops. Near the end of the song, Madonna performed a Double Dutch dance interlude.[52]

Cover versions

The cast of the popular children's musical sitcom Kids Incorporated covered the song on television in 1985 - the original, sexually-suggestive lyrics were altered to be more youth-oriented.[54] Ciccone Youth covered as "Into the Groove(y)"; it appeared on The Whitey Album and was released as a single.[55] Dale Bozzio, former lead singer of new wave band Missing Persons, covered the song for the Madonna tribute album Virgin Voices: A Tribute To Madonna, Vol. 2 from 2000.[56] A dance cover of the song was recorded by the group Mad'House for the album Absolutely Mad.[57] French pop/rock group Superbus covered "Into the Groove" for their 2002 album, Aéromusical. It was the third and final single from the album.[58] A 2007 tribute compilation to Madonna, titled Through the Wilderness, features a cover of the song by Jeremy Jay.[59] The Medic Droid covered the song on their 2008 debut album, What's Your Medium?.[59]

In 2003, the song was combined with the vocals of Dannii Minogue's "Don't Wanna Lose This Feeling", the third and final single from her album Neon Nights. "Into the Groove"'s instrumentation and a small Madonna vocal sample were added to Minogue's vocals, though Minogue's pitch was altered to fit the tempo of the song.[60]

Track listing and formats

Credits and personnel

Charts

Chart (1985) Peak
Position
Australian Kent Music Report[32] 1
Austrian Singles Chart[38] 6
Belgian VRT Top 30[33] 1
Dutch Top 40[38] 1
Eurochart Hot 100 Singles[39] 2
French Singles Chart[38] 2
German Singles Chart[37] 3
Irish Singles Chart[34] 1
Italian Singles Chart[35] 1
Japanese International Singles Chart[36] 1
New Zealand Singles Chart[38] 1
Norwegian Singles Chart[38] 3
Swedish Singles Chart[38] 3
Swiss Singles Chart[38] 2
UK Singles Chart[28] 1
U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Club Play[22] 1
U.S. Billboard Hot Black Singles[22] 19
Preceded by Australian Kent Music Report number-one single
(with "Angel")
June 24, 1985 – July 15, 1985 		Succeeded by
Preceded by U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Club Play number-one single
(with "Angel")
June 29, 1985 		Succeeded by
Preceded by UK Singles Chart number-one single
July 28, 1985 – August 24, 1985 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
"19" by Paul Hardcastle
 New Zealand Singles Chart number-one single
August 8, 1985 – September 13, 1985
Preceded by
"There Must Be an Angel (Playing with My Heart)" by Eurythmics
 Irish Singles Chart number-one single
August 10, 1985 – August 24, 1985
Preceded by Dutch Top 40 number-one single
September 14, 1985 – September 28, 1985
Belgian VRT Top 30 number-one single
September 14, 1985 – October 11, 1985 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
"Psychic Magic" by G. I. Orange
 Japanese International Singles Chart
September 2, 1985 – September 9, 1985 		Succeeded by
"Psychic Magic" by G. I. Orange
Preceded by
"L'estate Sta Finiendo" by Righeira
 Italian Singles Chart number-one single
September 21, 1985 – December 6, 1985 		Succeeded by

Notes

  1. ^ a b Taraborrelli 2002, p. 89
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Rooksby 2004, p. 19
  3. ^ a b Cresswell 2006, p. 243
  4. ^ a b c d e f Morton 2002, p. 168
  5. ^ Bego 2000, p. 120
  6. ^ a b Scaggs, Austin (2009-10-29). "Madonna Looks Back: The Rolling Stone Interview". Rolling Stone (1090). San Francisco: Jann Wenner: 51. ISSN 0035-791X.
  7. ^ Susman, Gary (2003-07-16). "True Blue Jeans". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
  8. ^ Rooksby 2004, p. 67
  9. ^ "Digital Sheet Music – Madonna – Into The Groove". Musicnotes.com. Alfred Publishing. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  10. ^ Madonna You Can Dance (1987) liner notes Warner Bros. Records
  11. ^ Rooksby 2004, p. 29
  12. ^ Madonna The Immaculate Collection (1990) liner notes Warner Bros. Records.
  13. ^ a b c Barker & Trussler 1996, p. 106
  14. ^ Rettenmubd 1996, p. 56
  15. ^ Keetley & Pettigrew 2005, p. 379
  16. ^ Fouz-Hernández & Jarman-Ivens 2004, p. 181
  17. ^ a b Cinquemani, Sal (2006-01-30). "100 Greatest Dance Songs". Slant Magazine. Retrieved 2010-02-19.
  18. ^ Soto, Alfred (2007-10-23). "Madonna - Like a Virgin / The Immaculate Collection". Stylus Magazine. Retrieved 2010-02-19.
  19. ^ Reporter, Staff (2003-12-09). "Top 20 Madonna Singles of All-time". Q magazine. 19 (23). San Francisco: Bauer Media Group. ISSN 0955-4955. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  20. ^ "The 500 Greatest Songs Since You Were Born". Blender. Alpha Media Group LLC. 2009-04-01. Retrieved 2010-02-19.
  21. ^ Chin, Brian (1985-06-01). "Hot Dance/Disco Club Play". Billboard. 97 (22). New York: Nielsen Business Media, Inc: 68. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved 2010-02-19.
  22. ^ a b c Chin, Brian (1985-06-29). "Hot Dance/Disco Club Play". Billboard. 97 (25). New York: Nielsen Business Media, Inc: 64. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved 2010-02-19.
  23. ^ "RIAA certifications - Madonna - Angel/Into the Groove". Recording Industry Association of America. 1985-06-03. Retrieved 2010-02-16.
  24. ^ "Rock Music, etc., Terms". Georgetown College. Georgetown, Kentucky. 1999-10-26. Retrieved 2010-01-08.
  25. ^ Grein, Paul (1985-08-10). "Hot Madonna: July Fills Her Coffers With RIAA Metal". Billboard. 97 (32). New York: Nielsen Business Media, Inc: 7. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved 2010-02-16.
  26. ^ Chin, Brian (1985-12-28). "Dance Trax". Billboard. 97 (52). New York: Nielsen Business Media, Inc: 45. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved 2010-02-19.
  27. ^ Chin, Brian (1985-08-03). "12 Inch Singles Sales". Billboard. 97 (31). New York: Nielsen Business Media, Inc: 64. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved 2010-02-19.
  28. ^ a b c "Chartstats - Madonna - Into the Groove". The Official Charts Company. Chartstats.com. Retrieved 2010-02-19. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  29. ^ "Chartstats - Madonna". The Official Charts Company. Chartstats.com. Retrieved 2010-02-19. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  30. ^ a b McAleer 2004, p. 262
  31. ^ "BPI Certified Awards - Search". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 2010-02-19.
  32. ^ a b Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. Australian Chart Book, St Ives, N.S.W. ISBN 0-646-11917-6. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); |format= requires |url= (help)
  33. ^ a b "Madonna - Into the Groove - Song details" (in Dutch). VRT Top 30. 1985-08-10. Retrieved 2010-02-02.
  34. ^ a b "Irish Singles Chart - Search for song". Irish Recorded Music Association. 1985-09-05. Retrieved 2010-01-08.
  35. ^ a b "Madonna: Discografia Italiana" (in Italian). Federation of the Italian Music Industry. 1984–1999. Retrieved 2010-01-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  36. ^ a b "外相关网站,请准备 Japanese Singles Chart" (in Japanese). Oricon. 1985-09-02. Retrieved 2010-02-19.
  37. ^ a b "Chartverfolgung - Madonna - Into the Groove". Media Control Charts (in German). Musicline.de. 1985-09-02. Retrieved 2010-01-08. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  38. ^ a b c d e f g h "Madonna - Into the Groove (Chanson)". Ultratop 50. Hung Medien. Retrieved 2010-02-19. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  39. ^ a b "Eurochart Hot 100 Singles". Billboard. 97 (37). New York: Nielsen Business Media, Inc: 50. 1985-09-19. ISSN 0006-2510. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  40. ^ Clerk 2002, p. 41
  41. ^ Clerk 2002, p. 49
  42. ^ Madonna (1985). Live – The Virgin Tour. Warner Home Video. {{cite AV media}}: |format= requires |url= (help)
  43. ^ Metz & Benson 1999, p. 319
  44. ^ Morton 2000, p. 200
  45. ^ Layton 2004, p. 110
  46. ^ Madonna (1987). Who's That Girl – Live in Japan. Warner Home Vdieo. {{cite AV media}}: |format= requires |url= (help)
  47. ^ Madonna (1987). Warner Home Vdieo. {{cite AV media}}: |format= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help); Text "titleCiao, Italia! – Live from Italy" ignored (help)
  48. ^ Fouz-Hernández & Freya Jarman-Ivens 2004, p. 73
  49. ^ Madonna (1990). Blond Ambition – Japan Tour 90 (VHS). Warner-Pioneer Japan.
  50. ^ Madonna (1990). Live! – Blond Ambition World Tour 90 (Laserdisc). Pioneer Artists.
  51. ^ Hand, John (2004-08-13). "Madonna's loyal following". BBC. BBC Online. Retrieved 2010-02-19. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  52. ^ a b Kreps, Daniel (2009-10-27). "Madonna's Sticky & Sweet Tour Triumph: Watch "Into the Groove"". Rolling Stone. Jann Wenner. Retrieved 2010-02-19.
  53. ^ Albiston, Isabel (2008-08-24). "Madonna at Cardiff's Millennium Stadium: Review". The Daily Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group. Retrieved 2010-02-19.
  54. ^ "Kids Incorporated: Weekly Video's". Kids Incorporated. Retrieved 2010-02-19.
  55. ^ Torreano, Bradley (1998-09-09). "allmusic ((( The Whitey Album > Overview )))". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 2010-02-19. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  56. ^ Huey, Steve (1999-05-23). "allmusic ((( Virgin Voices: A Tribute to Madonna, Vol. 2 ))) Overview". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 2010-02-19. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  57. ^ Bonanich, Drago. "allmusic ((( Mad'House > Overview )))". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 2010-02-19. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  58. ^ "Aeromusical | Superbus Album | Yahoo! Music". Yahoo!. Retrieved 2010-02-19.
  59. ^ a b "allmusic ((( Madonna > Songs > Songs Composed By )))". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 2010-02-19. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  60. ^ Slomowicz, Ron (2005-09-12). "Dannii Minogue Interview". About.com. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2010-02-19. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)

References

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