# Irving Stringham

Irving Stringham
Born December 10, 1847
Yorkshire, New York, U.S.
Died October 5, 1909 (aged 61)
Berkeley, California, U.S.
Nationality American
Fields Mathematics
Institutions University of California at Berkeley
Alma mater Harvard College
Johns Hopkins University

Washington Irving Stringham (December 10, 1847 – October 5, 1909) was a "Professor of Mathematics and Sometime Dean in the University of California"[1] born in Yorkshire, New York. Stringham is perhaps most notable as the first person to denote the natural logarithm as ${\displaystyle \ln(x)}$ where ${\displaystyle x}$ is its argument. The use of ${\displaystyle \ln(x)}$ in place of ${\displaystyle \log _{e}(x)}$ is commonplace in digital calculators today.

"In place of ${\displaystyle ^{e}\log }$ we shall henceforth use the shorter symbol ${\displaystyle \ln }$, made up of the initial letters of logarithm and of natural or Napierian."[2]

Stringham graduated from Harvard College in 1877. He earned his PhD from Johns Hopkins University in 1880. His dissertation was titled Regular Figures in N-dimensional Space[3] under his advisor James Joseph Sylvester.

In 1881 he was in Schwartzbach, Saxony, when he submitted an article on finite groups found in the quaternion algebra.[4]

Stringham began his professorship in mathematics at Berkeley in 1882.[5] In 1893 in Chicago, his paper Formulary for an Introduction to Elliptic Functions was read (but not by him) at the International Mathematical Congress held in connection with the World's Columbian Exposition.[6]

## Biographical

Irving married Martha Sherman Day. The couple raised a daughter, Martha Sherman Stringham, (March 5, 1891- August 7, 1967).

## References

1. ^ Charles Smith, Irving Stringham, Elementary algebra for the use of schools and colleges 2nd ed, (The Macmillan Company, New York, 1904).
2. ^ Charles Smith, Irving Stringham, Elementary algebra for the use of schools and colleges 2nd ed, (The Macmillan Company, New York, 1904) p 437.
3. ^ W.I. Stringham "Regular Figures in N-dimensional Space", American Journal of Mathematics Vol 3 (1880) pp 1-15.
4. ^ I. Stringham (1881) "Determination of the finite quaternion groups", American Journal of Mathematics 4(1–4):345–57
5. ^ "In Memoriam, Dean Stringham" University of California Chronicle Vol XII (University Press, Berkeley, 1909) pp 1–20.
6. ^ "Formulary for an Introduction to Elliptic Functions by Irving Stringham". Mathematical papers read at the International Mathematical Congress held in connection with the World's Columbian Exposition. NY: Macmillan as publisher for the AMS. 1896. pp. 350–366.