Jaguar XJ (X350)

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Jaguar XJ (X350)
Jaguar XJR Sonderedition front 20080811.jpg
Special edition of the Jaguar XJR, 2008
Overview
ManufacturerJaguar Cars
Also called
  • Jaguar XJ6, XJ8, Vanden Plas, XJR, Super V8
  • Daimler Super Eight
Production2002–2009 (83.556 produced)
Model years2004–2010
Assembly
Designer
Body and chassis
ClassFull-size luxury car (F)
Body style4-door saloon
LayoutFront-engine, rear-wheel-drive
RelatedJaguar XK (X150)
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission6-speed 6HP26 automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase
  • SWB: 3,033 mm (119.4 in)
  • LWB: 3,160 mm (124.4 in)
Length
  • SWB: 5,090 mm (200.4 in)
  • LWB: 5,215 mm (205.3 in)
Width2004-05: 1,859 mm (73.2 in)
Height
  • SWB: 1,448 mm (57 in)
  • LWB: 1,455 mm (57.3 in)
Kerb weight1,790 kg (3,946 lb)
Chronology
PredecessorJaguar XJ (X308)
SuccessorJaguar XJ (X351)

The Jaguar XJ (X350) is a full-size four-door luxury saloon manufactured and marketed worldwide by Jaguar for model years 2003–2009 as the third generationof the Jaguar XJ saloon,[1][2] carrying the internal designation X350 and the internal designation X358, following its 2007 intermediate facelift. Both the X350 and X358 were available with a six-speed automatic transmission, a range of petrol and diesel engines (V6, V8, and supercharged V8), numerous trim levels, and short wheelbase (2003–2009) or long wheelbase (2005–2009) configurations. Extended-length models were the longest vehicles Jaguar had manufactured.[3][4]

The X350 was noted for its advanced electrical systems,[5] self-leveling, adaptive air suspension and full aluminium unibody chassis and bodywork, among the first for a mass-produced automobile.[6] The bodyshell (body in white) was 40 per cent lighter and 50 percent stiffer than its predecessor,[5] despite its increased overall size. Styling of the third generation was a conservative evolution of the previous XJ's styling; its slatted grille recalling the grille of the original 1968 XJ.[7] Exterior styling was by principal designer Tom Owen,[8] along with Sandy Boyes, under the design directorship of Geoff Lawson, who died midway through the project, and his successor Ian Callum.[8]

The XJ's interior was styled by Giles Taylor.[8][9] Manufacturing took place at Jaguar's Castle Bromwich Assembly in Birmingham. With an unpainted and highly polished example of its all-alloy body shell on display, the X350 debuted at the 2002 Paris Motor Show.[5] The full X350/358 generation largely coincided with Jaguar's ownership by Ford's Premier Automotive Group until Tata Motors purchased Jaguar in 2008. Production ended in March 2009 after seven years,[10] with a total production of 83,566.[11] It was followed by the XJ X351.[12]

X350[edit]

Body and chassis[edit]

The front (left) and rear (right) of a 2004 Jaguar XJ6 3.0

The X350's aluminium bodyshell used an aerospace construction method, a hybrid of adhesive bonding and rivet joinery and known as rivet-bonding or riv-bonding, which was an industry first in volume automotive production.[2] Both chassis and body formed an aluminium unibody structure. Using aluminium rather than steel required new techniques, technological development and production layout along with significant investment.[7]

The stressed aluminium unibody used 15 aluminium castings, 35 extrusions and 284 stampings[13] bonded using 120 yards of robotically-applied, heat-cured, aerospace-grade epoxy adhesives and approximately 3,200 self-piercing zinc-coated, boron steel rivets,[14] which were Jaguar's first use of self-piercing rivets.[15] In addition to the rivets, which do not require a predrilled or punched hole, each rivet making its own hole on insertion,[16] the process also uses a small number of nuts, bolts, and spot welds.[17] Castings and extrusions accounted for about 11 percent of the XJ bodyshell.[18]

Interior of a 2006 Jaguar Sovereign

To ensure manufacturing feasibility, numerous styling elements required a redesign to accommodate forming in aluminium rather than steel, including the bonnet profiles, especially around the headlamps; the radii in the wing-to-bumper gaps and the rear wing/door shut pressing; the side light configuration and the bodyside ‘haunch’.[1] Chief Program engineer Russ Varney said the XJ also taught Jaguar "about the springback of stamped parts, where the pieces won't keep their exact shape."[18]

To reduce front-end collision repair costs and ameliorate increased insurance rates associated with aluminium construction, the body was designed to withstand an impact of 10 mph without structural damage and used a bolt-on front-end module (BOFE).[7][2] A hydroformed aluminium extrusion with an energy-absorbing foam cover formed a bumper beam cross-member, to provide strength and crushability in the event of a minor collision. Sacrificial extruded aluminium "crash cans" were designed to protect the body structure and front-end componentry.[2]

Steel is used for front and rear subframes and magnesium (as strong as aluminium while 30 per cent lighter) is used for seat frames and lateral instrument panel beams.[2] Jaguar had previously and prominently used aluminium construction, in the XK120 which was produced in the 1940s and used aluminium panels, along with its C‑Type and D‑Type race cars as well as the 1960s E-Type which used aluminium chassis and body design. Ford retained the bonding and riveting patents of the XJ's aluminium monocoque body, when it sold Jaguar to Indian automobile manufacturer Tata Motors in 2008.[19]

Design and engineering[edit]

External images
image icon Jaguar X350 Design Study
image icon Jaguar X350 Design Study
image icon Jaguar X350 Design Study
image icon Jaguar X350 Design Study

The X350 employed a multi-link layout with four-wheel self-levelling adaptive air suspension instead of the previous generation's double wishbone IRS. The suspension was controlled electronically, requiring no intervention from the driver, to adjust damper settings (in milliseconds) and adjust the ride and handling under varying conditions—its electronic control system marketed as Computer Active Technology Suspension (CATS).[1] The air suspension was designed to activate every 24 hours to level the vehicle when parked and not in use.[2]

From the previous generation, the overall body was wider, longer, and higher—with increased head, leg, shoulder, and cargo room—and carried a .32 coefficient of drag.[1] Door shut lines were engineered uniformly to a 3.8 mm gap to adjacent body elements. The bonnet and boot were engineered to 3.5 mm to adjacent body elements. The doors opened to 62 degrees front and 65 degrees rear.[2] The long wheelbase model, introduced in 2005, was the longest[3][4] vehicle Jaguar had manufactured at the time. With a five inch extension behind the B-pillar (i.e., the rear doors were 5 inches longer),[4] the extended model had a 3,159.8 mm (124.4 in) wheelbase and overall length of 5,214.6 mm (205.3 in) — the bodyshell's weight increased by 24 kg (53 lb) and the roof height increased by 7 mm (0.28 in) over the standard-wheelbase XJ.[20] The turning radius was increased by 13 inches over the standard-wheelbase model.[20]

The 12-volt wiring system used multiplexing to integrate four systems: low-speed, event-driven communications around the body; high-speed powertrain system (engine, transmission, air suspension system and instrument cluster); fibre-optic communication protocol for telematics, navigation, phone, voice activation, audio, and multimedia systems; and safety systems protocol.[2]

Equipment[edit]

At introduction, standard equipment included mirror-matched walnut burl wood grain trim throughout the interior, piano-black center console trim, leather seating, wood-trimmed steering wheel, leather-covered overhead assist handles, dual-zone automatic climate control, glass electric tilt and slide sunroof with single-touch open/close, rain-sensing automatic wipers, automatic headlights, front fog lights, 24 lamp LED taillights, front and rear parking sensors, boot power latching mechanism, electrically adjustable steering wheel with memory and entry/exit function, electrochromic self-dimming side mirrors with compass, a trip computer, electrically adjustable pedals with 2.5 inch travel, 4 power points, all window one-touch up/down power operation, metallic paint (no-cost option), a full-size spare tyre, electronically tilt and telescoping steering wheel, keyless entry, puddle lamps, electronic park brake, and 8-speaker, 320-watt sound system with boot-mounted 6-CD changer and in-dash CD player. Safety systems included four-channel anti-lock brakes with emergency brake assist, traction control, dynamic stability control, and front, side thorax as well as full-length side curtain airbags. Electronic coordination of seatbelts and airbags, marketed as Advanced Restraint Technology System (ARTS) was designed to sense crash severity, driver position and seatbelt status using ultrasonic and seat weight sensors to optimize airbag deployment force.[1]

Optional equipment included xenon headlights, headlight powerwash, adaptive cruise control, multi-stage heated seats, heated steering wheel, DVD navigation (with postal code programming where country-provided), soft-grain ruched (micro-pleated) leather seats and trim, electrically adjustable pedals and rear-seat multimedia entertainment system for CD listening or DVD movie watching via front seat head restraint-mounted video screens.[21] At introduction, upper trim levels offered soft grain leather, leatherette fascia top and contrasting seat piping, inlain Peruvian boxwood trim, lambswool rugs, 320-watt, 12-speaker audio system, 4-zone heating and cooling system, 16-way adjustable front seats, rear heated seats and optional electrically reclining rear seat, and power rear centre sunblind.[21] The rear seating of long-wheelbase models could be equipped with a fixed or power-adjustable bench or individually powered and heated seats.[20]

Engines[edit]

Model Type Power, torque at rpm
2.7-litre V6 diesel 2.7 L twin-turbocharged V6 204 PS (150 kW; 201 hp), 435 N⋅m (321 lb⋅ft)
3.0-litre V6 petrol 3.0 L V6 240 PS (177 kW; 237 hp)
3.5-litre V8 petrol 3.5 L V8 265 PS (195 kW; 261 hp), 345 N⋅m (254 lb⋅ft)
4.2-litre V8 petrol 4.2 L V8 300 PS (221 kW; 296 hp)
4.2-litre supercharged V8 petrol 4.2 L supercharged V8 400 PS (294 kW; 395 hp)

The V8 engines remained in the new model but were the revised and more powerful versions found in the 2003 S-Type. The 294 PS 4.0 L and 375 PS 4.0 L supercharged engines from the X308 Mk II were replaced by the S-Type's 300 PS (221 kW; 296 hp) 4.2 L and 400 PS (294 kW; 395 hp) 4.2 L supercharged units respectively, while a new 3.5 L V8 was also introduced for the European market which was derived from the 4.2 L engine and was rated at 265 PS (195 kW; 261 hp).[22]

The 243 PS (179 kW; 240 hp) 3.2 L V8 from the previous model was replaced by the 3.0 L V6 from the X-Type and S-Type. The V6 powers the XJ6, while the XJ8 was powered by a naturally aspirated V8. The XJR was powered by a supercharged 4.2 L V8. The XJ6 and the XJ TDVi are the only X350 models not sold in the Americas. In 2005, Jaguar introduced the diesel-powered XJ TDVi, featuring the same Ford-Peugeot-developed 2.7-litre twin-turbocharged V6 found in the S-Type. The engine, known as the AJD-V6, is rated at 204 PS (150 kW; 201 hp) and 321 lb⋅ft (435 N⋅m) of torque, and was fitted with electronically controlled active engine mounts to minimise vibration at idle. Both X350 and X358 used a six-speed automatic transmission manufactured by ZF Friedrichshafen.[citation needed]

North American XJ models were equipped with the 300 hp (224 kW; 304 PS) naturally aspirated engine or an optional 400 hp (298 kW; 406 PS) supercharged 4.2 L V8 engine. The latter engine's valvetrain had a dual overhead cam design with four valves per cylinder and its top speed was electronically limited to 155 mph (249 km/h).[citation needed]

Trim levels[edit]

At introduction, the XJ was marketed worldwide in various trim levels, including XJ8, XJ Vanden Plas and XJR in North America, and XJ6, XJ8, and XJ Sovereign in the United Kingdom. For the 2005 model year, Jaguar introduced a long-wheelbase variant of the X350. For 2007, the premium model was reintroduced as the Jaguar Sovereign when the Super V8 and Daimler versions were dropped.[citation needed]

  • Vanden Plas/Sovereign
  • Super V8 Portfolio. In early 2005, Jaguar announced the Super V8 Portfolio for the 2006 model year, a limited-edition trim level of the flagship Super V8 saloon. It debuted at the New York International Auto Show in March 2005 with a base price of US$115,995. The Portfolio trim level included a DVD player and 7-inch screens in the rear headrests. The Super V8 Portfolio, marketed in North American markets, became available in August 2005 and was exclusively available in two colours: Black Cherry and Winter Gold. The Super V8 Portfolio was powered by Jaguar's supercharged 400 PS (294 kW), 4.2 L, 32-valve, AJ-V8 engine with a top speed of 249 km/h (155 mph) and a 0 to 97 km/h (0 to 60 mph) acceleration time under 5 seconds.[citation needed]
  • Daimler Super Eight/Super V8. The Super 8 was the most expensive model, with the XJR being the second most expensive model in the range. The Super V8, which debuted in the 2003 model year in the new X350 body style, was initially of a short-wheelbase configuration. This became an option in 2004 when a long-wheelbase configuration was introduced, along with the supercharged variation of the XJ8 with the more luxurious Vanden Plas, or Daimler interior. Its primary competitor was the Maserati Quattroporte. A distinctive wire mesh grille and chrome-finished side mirrors set the Super 8 and the XJR apart from the less expensive XJ saloons. In 2005, the Super V8 model was replaced by the Daimler Super Eight in all markets other than North America. The Daimler Super Eight was essentially the same car, but with the addition of a different grille, boxwood inlays finished in wood veneer and several other interior luxuries as standard. Daimler's US equivalent was no longer known as the Vanden Plas, but the Super 8. The Vanden Plas name was used on models that would be known as Sovereign elsewhere. Daimler has been the State Car for the British Prime Minister since the 1980s, although Daimlers were replaced with Sentinel trim Jaguars in 2011 when the next generation of the Jaguar XJ (X351) was introduced.[citation needed]

X356 (2005 facelift)[edit]

Facelift front (left) and retro (right) of the Jaguar X356 Sovereign
Front and passanger's seats interior of a 2007 Jaguar Sovereign

The facelifted X350 debuted in 2005 for the model year 2006, with a revised front grille and with slightly redesigned front fenders. Some vehicle electronics systems have been updated.[citation needed]

Trim levels[edit]

Models Executive Sovereign XJR Super 8
Engines 2.7D, 3.0, 3.5, 4.2 2.7D, 3.0, 3.5, 4.2 4.2 Supercharged 4.2 Supercharged
Wheelbase short, long (optional) short, long (optional) short short, long (optional)
Wheels (standard) Dynamic 8Jx18 alloy Rapier 8Jx18 alloy Sepang 9Jx20 alloy Calisto 9Jx20 alloy

X358 (2007 facelift)[edit]

Facelift front (left) and retro (right) of the Jaguar X358

The facelifted X350 debuted in February 2007 for the model year 2008 with a revised front grille and front bumper assembly featuring a prominent lower grille. A Jaguar emblem within the grille replaced the previous bonnet-mounted bonnet ornament.[23]

The front lights were revised and door mirrors incorporated side repeaters. The front wings had prominent faux side vents, and the side sills, rear bumper, and taillights were revised. The interior featured redesigned front seats.[23]

Trim levels[edit]

Models Executive Sovereign XJR Super 8
Engines 2.7D, 3.0, 3.5, 4.2 2.7D, 3.0, 3.5, 4.2 4.2 Supercharged 4.2 Supercharged
Wheelbase short, long (optional) short, long (optional) short short, long (optional)
Wheels (standard) Carelia 8.5Jx19 alloy Polaris 8.5Jx19 alloy Carelia 8.5Jx20 alloy Carelia 9Jx20 alloy

Markets[edit]

UK:
As of November 2007, the following XJ models were available in the United Kingdom:

  • XJ 2.7D Executive
  • XJ 2.7D Sport Premium
  • 3.0-litre Executive
  • 2.7D, 3.0-litre, and 4.2-litre Sovereign
  • 4.2-litre supercharged XJR
  • Daimler Super Eight

Models with the 2.7-litre diesel or with the 3.0-litre petrol V6 engines are known as the XJ6 (since the engines have six cylinders), while the 4.2-litre V8 petrol engine mounted in the Sovereign results in that model being known as the XJ8.[24] The model list for the United Kingdom does not include the 3.5-litre V8 engine available in Germany.[23]

Germany:
From May 2007, the following models were available in Germany:[citation needed]

  • XJ6 2.7-litre Diesel Classic
  • XJ6 2.7-litre Diesel Executive
  • XJ6 3-litre Executive
  • XJ8 3.5-litre Executive
  • XJ8 4.2-litre Executive
  • XJ6 2.7-litre Diesel Sovereign
  • XJ8 3.5-litre Sovereign
  • XJ8 4.2-litre Sovereign
  • XJR 4.2-litre V8 Kompressor (i.e. the supercharged V8 variant)
  • Daimler Super Eight

North America:
From May 2007, the following XJ models were available in North America:

  • XJ8
  • XJ8L
  • XJR
  • XJ Vanden Plas (this model was equivalent to 'Daimler' in Europe; the name 'Daimler' was not used by Jaguar in the US because of copyright)
  • XJ Super V8 (this model was equivalent to 'Daimler' in Europe; the name 'Daimler' was not used by Jaguar in the US because of copyright)
  • XJ Super V8 Portfolio (limited edition)

Unlike in Europe, the XJ6 and the XJ 2.7D are not available in the United States. The L on the XJ8L badge denotes the long-wheelbase version.[citation needed]

Engines[edit]

All engines were paired with a ZF six-speed automatic transmission. The XJ6 petrol versions have a lower final drive ratio.[25]

Model Type (displacement, bore x stroke) Power and torque (at rpm) Acceleration 0–100 km/h (62 mph) (seconds) Top speed
2.7-litre V6 diesel 2,720 cc (2.72 L; 166 cu in) twin-turbocharged V6, 81 mm (3.2 in)x88 mm (3.5 in) 204 PS (150 kW; 201 hp) at 4,000, 435 N⋅m (321 lb⋅ft) at 1,900 8.2 225 km/h (140 mph)
3.0-litre V6 petrol 2,967 cc (2.967 L; 181.1 cu in) V6, 89 mm (3.5 in)x79.5 mm (3.13 in) 235 PS (173 kW; 232 hp) at 6,800, 293 N⋅m (216 lb⋅ft) at 4,100 8.1 233 km/h (145 mph)
3.5-litre V8 petrol 3,555 cc (3.555 L; 216.9 cu in) V8, 86 mm (3.4 in)x76.5 mm (3.01 in) 265 PS (195 kW; 261 hp) at 6,000, 345 N⋅m (254 lb⋅ft) at 4,100 7.6 242 km/h (150 mph)
4.2-litre V8 petrol 4,196 cc (4.196 L; 256.1 cu in) V8, 86 mm (3.4 in)x90.3 mm (3.56 in) 300 PS (221 kW; 296 hp) at 6,000, 335 N⋅m (247 lb⋅ft) at 4,100 6.6 250 km/h (155 mph)
4.2-litre V8 petrol Supercharged 4,196 cc (4.196 L; 256.1 cu in) supercharged V8, 86 mm (3.4 in)x90.3 mm (3.56 in) 400 PS (294 kW; 395 hp) at 6,100, 541 N⋅m (399 lb⋅ft) at 3,500 5.3 250 km/h (155 mph)

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e "Press Release: The Ultimate Expression of Jaguar Luxury Saloon Car Engineering". Jaguar Cars.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "Press Release: New XJ at a Glance". Jaguar Cars.
  3. ^ a b "2005 Jaguar XJ8 Super V8". Road & Track. 6 November 2012.
  4. ^ a b c Swan, Tony (November 2004). "Jaguar Super V-8". Car & Driver.
  5. ^ a b c "Future Classic Friday: Jaguar XJ (X350)". Honest John. 23 June 2017.
  6. ^ Jensen, Cheryl (22 June 2003). "Behind the Wheel/2004 Jaguar XJ8; A New (Aluminum) Way to Skin a Cat". The New York Times.
  7. ^ a b c Marriage, Oliver (25 February 2003). "Jaguar XJ8 3.5". Auto Express.
  8. ^ a b c Hull, Nick (7 April 2003). "Jaguar XJ Design Development". Car Design News. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
  9. ^ Doyle, Eóin (14 June 2018). "The Tailor of Goodwood". Driven to Write. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  10. ^ "Last of the Jaguar XJ X350 models". Jaguar-xj-blog.com. 1 March 2004. Archived from the original on 13 June 2010. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
  11. ^ Thorley, Nigel (1 April 2013). Jaguar All The Cars, 3rd Edition (3rd ed.). Veloce Publishing. p. 278. ISBN 9781845848101.
  12. ^ Patton, Phil (9 October 2009). "Jaguar Introduces Students to Its Latest XJ". Wheels Blog. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  13. ^ Sawyer, Christopher A. (1 December 2012). "Light On Its Feet". Automotive Design & Production.
  14. ^ "2008 XJ New Car Test Drive". Autoblog.
  15. ^ Mortimer, John (2001). "Jaguar uses X350 car to pioneer use of self-piercing rivets" (PDF). Industrial Robot: An International Journal. Emeraldinsight.com. 28 (3): 192–198. doi:10.1108/01439910110389344. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
  16. ^ Weber, Austin (3 March 2015). "Assembling Ford's Aluminum Wonder Truck". Assembly.
  17. ^ Sherman, Don (9 December 2014). "In-Depth with the 2015 Ford F-150's Aluminum, Presented In an Alloy of Facts and Perspective". Car & Driver.
  18. ^ a b Rechtin, Mark (15 May 2006). "Is the XK's use of aluminium an advance over the XJ sedan?". Automotive News.
  19. ^ "Ford's work with aluminum-bodied vehicles goes back decades". Automotive News. 10 January 2014.
  20. ^ a b c "How do you make the Jaguar XJ even better?". Auto Spies.
  21. ^ a b "2004 Jaguar XJ brochure" (PDF). Jaguar Cars.
  22. ^ Marriage, Oliver (February 2003). "AlI cat pounces". Auto Express. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
  23. ^ a b c "2008 Jaguar XJ X358 specs". Automobile-catalog. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
  24. ^ "2009 Jaguar XJ8 (X358)". Automobile-catalog. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
  25. ^ "Jaguar XJ8 X358 transmissions and fuel economies". Automobile-catalog. Jaguar Cars. Retrieved 4 February 2014.

External links[edit]

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