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Day of the year
July 25 is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar ; 159 days remain until the end of the year.
Pre-1600 [ edit ] 1601–1900 [ edit ] 1609 – The English ship Sea Venture Virginia , is deliberately driven ashore during a storm at Bermuda to prevent its sinking; the survivors go on to found a new colony there.1668 – A magnitude 8.5 earthquake strikes eastern China, killing over 42,000 people.[2] 1693 – Ignacio de Maya founds the Real Santiago de las Sabinas, now known as Sabinas Hidalgo, Nuevo León , Mexico.1718 – At the behest of Tsar Peter the Great , the construction of the Kadriorg Palace , dedicated to his wife Catherine , begins in Tallinn .[3] 1722 – Dummer's War begins along the Maine -Massachusetts border.1755 – British governor Charles Lawrence and the Nova Scotia Council order the deportation of the Acadians .1759 – French and Indian War : In Western New York , British forces capture Fort Niagara from the French, who subsequently abandon Fort Rouillé .1783 – American Revolutionary War : The war's last action, the Siege of Cuddalore , is ended by a preliminary peace agreement.1788 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart completes his Symphony No. 40 in G minor (K550).1792 – The Brunswick Manifesto is issued to the population of Paris promising vengeance if the French royal family is harmed.1797 – Horatio Nelson loses more than 300 men and his right arm during the failed conquest attempt of Tenerife (Spain).1799 – Napoleon Bonaparte defeats a numerically superior Ottoman army under Mustafa Pasha at the Battle of Abukir. 1814 – War of 1812 : An American attack on Canada is repulsed.1824 – Costa Rica annexes Guanacaste from Nicaragua .1837 – The first commercial use of an electrical telegraph is successfully demonstrated in London by William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone .1853 – Joaquin Murrieta , the famous Californio bandit known as the "Robin Hood of El Dorado", is killed.1861 – American Civil War : The United States Congress passes the Crittenden–Johnson Resolution , stating that the war is being fought to preserve the Union and not to end slavery .1866 – The United States Congress passes legislation authorizing the rank of General of the Army . Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant becomes the first to be promoted to this rank.1868 – The Wyoming Territory is established.1869 – The Japanese daimyōs emperor as part of the Meiji Restoration reforms. (Traditional Japanese Date : June 17, 1869).1894 – The First Sino-Japanese War begins when the Japanese fire upon a Chinese warship.1897 – American author Jack London embarks on a sailing trip to take part in the Klondike 's gold rush , from which he wrote his first successful stories.[4] 1898 – Spanish–American War : The American invasion of Spanish-held Puerto Rico begins, as United States Army troops under General Nelson A. Miles land and secure the port at Guánica .[5] 1901–present [ edit ] 1908 – Ajinomoto is founded. Kikunae Ikeda of the Tokyo Imperial University discovers that a key ingredient in kombu soup stock is monosodium glutamate (MSG), and patents a process for manufacturing it.1909 – Louis Blériot makes the first flight across the English Channel in a heavier-than-air machine from Calais to Dover, England, United Kingdom in 37 minutes.1915 – RFC Captain Lanoe Hawker becomes the first British pursuit aviator to earn the Victoria Cross .1917 – Sir Robert Borden introduces the first income tax in Canada as a "temporary" measure (lowest bracket is 4% and highest is 25%).1925 – Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) is established.1934 – The Nazis assassinate Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss in a failed coup attempt.1940 – General Henri Guisan orders the Swiss Army to resist German invasion and makes surrender illegal.1942 – The Norwegian Manifesto calls for nonviolent resistance to the German occupation.1943 – World War II : Benito Mussolini is forced out of office by the Grand Council of Fascism and is replaced by Pietro Badoglio .1944 – World War II: Operation Spring is one of the bloodiest days for the First Canadian Army during the war.1946 – The Crossroads Baker device is the first underwater nuclear weapon test.1956 – Forty-five miles south of Nantucket Island , the Italian ocean liner SS Andrea Doria collides with the MS Stockholm in heavy fog and sinks the next day, killing 51.1957 – The Tunisian King Muhammad VIII al-Amin is replaced by President Habib Bourguiba .1958 – The African Regroupment Party holds its first congress in Cotonou .1961 – Cold War : In a speech John F. Kennedy emphasizes that any attack on Berlin is an attack on NATO .1965 – Bob Dylan goes electric at the Newport Folk Festival , signaling a major change in folk and rock music.1969 – Vietnam War : U.S. President Richard Nixon declares the Nixon Doctrine , stating that the United States now expects its Asian allies to take care of their own military defense. This is the start of the "Vietnamization " of the war.1973 – Soviet Mars 5 1976 – Viking program : Viking 1 Face on Mars photo.1978 – Puerto Rican police shoot two nationalists in the Cerro Maravilla murders .1978 – Birth of Louise Joy Brown , the first human to have been born after conception by in vitro fertilisation , or IVF.[6] 1979 – In accord with the Egypt–Israel peace treaty , Israel begins its withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula .1983 – Black July : Thirty-seven Tamil political prisoners at the Welikada high security prison in Colombo are massacred by the fellow Sinhalese prisoners.1984 – Salyut 7 cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya becomes the first woman to perform a space walk .1993 – Israel launches a massive attack against Lebanon in what the Israelis call Operation Accountability , and the Lebanese call the Seven-Day War.1993 – The Saint James Church massacre occurs in Kenilworth, Cape Town, South Africa.
1994 – Israel and Jordan sign the Washington Declaration , that formally ends the state of war that had existed between the nations since 1948.1995 – A gas bottle explodes in Saint Michel station of line B of the RER (Paris regional train network). Eight are killed and 80 wounded.1996 – In a military coup in Burundi , Pierre Buyoya deposes Sylvestre Ntibantunganya .2000 – Concorde Air France Flight 4590 crashes at Paris Charles de Gaulle airport , killing 113 people.2007 – Pratibha Patil is sworn in as India's first female president.2010 – WikiLeaks publishes classified documents about the War in Afghanistan , one of the largest leaks in U.S. military history.2018 – As-Suwayda attacks : Coordinated attacks occur in Syria.[7] 2019 – National extreme heat records set this day in the UK, Belgium, The Netherlands and Germany during the July 2019 European heat wave .Pre-1600 [ edit ] 975 – Thietmar , bishop of Merseburg (died 1018 )1016 – Casimir I the Restorer , duke of Poland (died 1058)[8] 1109 – Afonso I , king of Portugal (died 1185)1165 – Ibn Arabi , Andalusian Sufi mystic, poet, and philosopher (died 1240)1261 – Arthur II, Duke of Brittany (died 1312)1291 – Hawys Gadarn , Welsh noblewoman (died 1353)1336 – Albert I, Duke of Bavaria (died 1404)[9] 1394 – James I , king of Scotland (died 1437)1404 – Philip I, Duke of Brabant (died 1430)1421 – Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland , English politician (died 1461)1450 – Jakob Wimpfeling , Renaissance humanist (died 1528)1486 – Albrecht VII, Duke of Mecklenburg (died 1547)1498 – Hernando de Aragón , Archbishop of Zaragoza (died 1575)1532 – Alphonsus Rodriguez , Jesuit lay brother and saint (died 1617)1556 – George Peele , English translator, poet, and dramatist (died 1596)1562 – Katō Kiyomasa , Japanese warlord (died 1611)1573 – Christoph Scheiner , German astronomer and Jesuit (died 1650)1581 – Brian Twyne , English archivist (died 1644)1601–1900 [ edit ] 1605 – Theodore Haak , German scholar (died 1690)1633 – Joseph Williamson , English politician (died 1701)1654 – Agostino Steffani , Italian composer and diplomat (died 1728)1657 – Philipp Heinrich Erlebach , German composer (died 1714)1658 – Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll , Scottish general (died 1703)1683 – Pieter Langendijk , Dutch playwright and poet (died 1756)1750 – Henry Knox , American general and politician, 1st United States Secretary of War (died 1806)1753 – Santiago de Liniers, 1st Count of Buenos Aires , French-Spanish captain and politician, 10th Viceroy of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (died 1810)1797 – Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel (died 1889)1806 – Maria Weston Chapman , American abolitionist (died 1885)1839 – Francis Garnier , French captain and explorer (died 1873)1844 – Thomas Eakins , American painter, sculptor, and photographer (died 1916)1847 – Paul Langerhans , German pathologist, physiologist and biologist (died 1888)1848 – Arthur Balfour , Scottish-English lieutenant and politician, 33rd Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1930)1857 – Frank J. Sprague , American naval officer and inventor (died 1934)1865 – Jac. P. Thijsse , Dutch botanist and conservationist (died 1945)1866 – Frederick Blackman , English physiologist and academic (died 1947)1867 – Max Dauthendey , German author and painter (died 1918)1867 – Alexander Rummler , American painter (died 1959)
1869 – Platon , Estonian bishop and saint (died 1919)1870 – Maxfield Parrish , American painter and illustrator (died 1966)1875 – Jim Corbett , Indian hunter, environmentalist, and author (died 1955)1878 – Masaharu Anesaki , Japanese philosopher and scholar (died 1949)1882 – George S. Rentz , American commander (died 1942)1883 – Alfredo Casella , Italian pianist, composer, and conductor (died 1947)1886 – Edward Cummins , American golfer (died 1926)1894 – Walter Brennan , American actor (died 1974)1894 – Gavrilo Princip , Bosnian Serb revolutionary (died 1918)
1895 – Ingeborg Spangsfeldt , Danish actress (died 1968)1896 – Jack Perrin , American actor and stuntman (died 1967)1896 – Josephine Tey , Scottish author and playwright (died 1952) 1901–present [ edit ] 1901 – Ruth Krauss , American author and poet (died 1993)1901 – Mohammed Helmy , Egyptian physician and Righteous Among the Nations (d.1982)
1901 – Lila Lee , American actress and singer (died 1973)
1902 – Eric Hoffer , American philosopher and author (died 1983)1905 – Elias Canetti , Bulgarian-Swiss novelist, playwright, and memoirist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1994)1905 – Georges Grignard , French race car driver (died 1977)
1905 – Denys Watkins-Pitchford , English author and illustrator (died 1990)
1906 – Johnny Hodges , American saxophonist and clarinet player (died 1970)1908 – Bill Bowes , English cricketer (died 1987)1908 – Ambroise-Marie Carré , French priest and author (died 2004)
1908 – Jack Gilford , American actor (died 1990)
1914 – Woody Strode , American football player and actor (died 1994)1915 – S. U. Ethirmanasingham , Sri Lankan businessman and politician1915 – Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. , American lieutenant and pilot (died 1944)
1916 – Lucien Saulnier , Canadian lawyer and politician (died 1989)1917 – Fritz Honegger , Swiss lawyer and politician (died 1999)1918 – Jane Frank , American painter and sculptor (died 1986)1920 – Rosalind Franklin , English biophysicist, chemist, and academic (died 1958)1921 – Adolph Herseth , American soldier and trumpet player (died 2013)1921 – Lionel Terray , French mountaineer (died 1965)
1923 – Estelle Getty , American actress (died 2008)1923 – Edgar Gilbert , American mathematician and theorist (died 2013)
1923 – Maria Gripe , Swedish journalist and author (died 2007)
1924 – Frank Church , American lawyer and politician (died 1984)1924 – Scotch Taylor , South African cricketer and hockey player (died 2004)
1925 – Benny Benjamin , American R&B drummer (died 1969)1925 – Jerry Paris , American actor and director (died 1986)
1925 – Dick Passwater , American race car driver (died 2020)[10]
1925 – Jutta Zilliacus , Finnish journalist and politician
1926 – Whitey Lockman , American baseball player, coach, and manager (died 2009)1926 – Bernard Thompson , British television producer and director (died 1998)
1926 – Beatriz Segall , Brazilian actress (died 2018)
1927 – Daniel Ceccaldi , French actor, director, and screenwriter (died 2003)1927 – Midge Decter , American journalist and author
1927 – Sadiq Hussain Qureshi , Pakistani politician, 10th Governor of Punjab (died 2000)
1927 – Jean-Marie Seroney , Kenyan activist and politician (died 1982)
1928 – Dolphy , Filipino actor, singer, and producer (died 2012)1928 – Mario Montenegro , Filipino actor (died 1988)
1928 – Nils Taube , Estonian-English businessman (died 2008)
1929 – Judd Buchanan , Canadian businessman and politician, 36th Canadian Minister of Public Works 1929 – Somnath Chatterjee , Indian lawyer and politician, 14th Speaker of the Lok Sabha (died 2018)
1929 – Eddie Mazur , Canadian ice hockey player (died 1995)
1930 – Murray Chapple , New Zealand cricketer and manager (died 1985)1930 – Maureen Forrester , Canadian actress and singer (died 2010)
1930 – Alice Parizeau , Polish-Canadian journalist and criminologist (died 1990)
1930 – Herbert Scarf , American economist and academic (died 2015)
1930 – Annie Ross , Scottish-American singer and actress (died 2020)
1931 – James Butler , English sculptor and educator1932 – Paul J. Weitz , American astronaut (died 2017)[11] 1934 – Don Ellis , American trumpet player and composer (died 1978)1934 – Claude Zidi , French director and screenwriter
1935 – Barbara Harris , American actress and singer (died 2018)1935 – Adnan Khashoggi , Saudi Arabian businessman (died 2017)
1935 – Gilbert Parent , Canadian educator and politician, 33rd Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada (died 2009)
1935 – John Robinson , American football player and coach
1935 – Larry Sherry , American baseball player and coach (died 2006)
1935 – Lars Werner , Swedish lawyer and politician (died 2013)
1936 – Gerry Ashmore , English race car driver1936 – Glenn Murcutt , English-Australian architect and academic
1937 – Colin Renfrew, Baron Renfrew of Kaimsthorn , English archaeologist and academic1939 – S. Ramadoss , Indian politician[12] 1940 – Richard Ballantine , American-English journalist and author (died 2013)1941 – Manny Charlton , Spanish-born Scottish rock musician and songwriter1941 – Nate Thurmond , American basketball player (died 2016)
1941 – Emmett Till , American lynching victim (died 1955)
1942 – Bruce Woodley , Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist1943 – Jim McCarty , English singer and drummer1943 – Erika Steinbach , Polish-German politician
1944 – Sally Beauman , English journalist and author (died 2016)1946 – José Areas , Nicaraguan drummer1946 – Nicole Farhi , French fashion designer and sculptor
1946 – John Gibson , American radio host
1946 – Rita Marley , Cuban-Jamaican singer
1946 – P. Selvarasa , Sri Lankan politician
1946 – Ljupka Dimitrovska , Macedonian-Croatian pop singer (died 2016)
1948 – Steve Goodman , American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1984)1950 – Mark Clarke , English singer-songwriter and bass player1951 – Jack Thompson , American lawyer and activist1951 – Verdine White , American bass player and producer
1952 – Eduardo Souto de Moura , Portuguese architect, designed the Estádio Municipal de Braga 1953 – Joseph A. Tunzi , Chicago based author, foremost expert on Elvis Presley 1953 – Robert Zoellick , American banker and politician, 14th United States Deputy Secretary of State
1954 – Ken Greer , Canadian guitarist, keyboard player, and producer1954 – Sheena McDonald , Scottish journalist
1954 – Walter Payton , American football player and race car driver (died 1999)
1954 – Jochem Ziegert , German footballer and manager
1955 – Iman , Somalian-English model and actress1955 – Randall Bewley , American guitarist and songwriter (died 2009)
1956 – Frances Arnold , American scientist and engineer
1957 – Mark Hunter , English politician1957 – Steve Podborski , Canadian skier
1958 – Alexei Filippenko , American astrophysicist and academic1958 – Thurston Moore , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1959 – Fyodor Cherenkov , Russian footballer and manager (died 2014)1959 – Geoffrey Zakarian , American chef and author
1960 – Alain Robidoux , Canadian snooker player1960 – Justice Howard , American photographer
1960 – Māris Martinsons , Latvian film director, producer, screenwriter, and editor
1962 – Carin Bakkum , Dutch tennis player1962 – Doug Drabek , American baseball player and coach
1963 – Denis Coderre , Canadian politician, 44th Mayor of Montreal 1963 – Julian Hodgson , Welsh chess player
1964 – Anne Applebaum , American journalist and author1964 – Tony Granato , American ice hockey player and coach
1964 – Breuk Iversen , American designer and journalist
1965 – Marty Brown , American singer-songwriter and guitarist1965 – Illeana Douglas , American actress, director, producer, and screenwriter
1965 – Dale Shearer , Australian rugby league player
1966 – Daryl Halligan , New Zealand rugby player and sportscaster1966 – Maureen Herman , American bass player
1966 – Diana Johnson , English politician
1967 – Matt LeBlanc , American actor and producer1967 – Ruth Peetoom , Dutch minister and politician
1967 – Tommy Skjerven , Norwegian footballer and referee
1968 – Rudi Bryson , South African cricketer1968 – Shi Tao , Chinese journalist and poet
1969 – Jon Barry , American basketball player and sportscaster1969 – Annastacia Palaszczuk , Australian politician, 39th Premier of Queensland
1971 – Roger Creager , American singer-songwriter1971 – Tracy Murray , American basketball player
1971 – Billy Wagner , American baseball player and coach
1972 – David Penna , Australian rugby league player and coach1973 – Dani Filth , English singer-songwriter1973 – Kevin Phillips , English footballer
1973 – Igli Tare , Albanian footballer
1974 – Lauren Faust , American animator, producer, and screenwriter1974 – Julia Laffranque , Estonian lawyer and judge
1974 – Kenzo Suzuki , Japanese rugby player and wrestler
1975 – Jody Craddock , English footballer and coach1975 – Jean-Claude Darcheville , Guianan-French footballer
1975 – El Zorro , Mexican wrestler
1975 – Brian Gibson , American bass player
1975 – Evgeni Nabokov , Russian ice hockey player
1976 – Marcos Assunção , Brazilian footballer1976 – Jovica Tasevski-Eternijan , Macedonian poet and critic
1976 – Javier Vázquez , Puerto Rican-American baseball player
1977 – Kenny Thomas , American basketball player1978 – Gerard Warren , American football player1978 – Louise Joy Brown , first human to be born via IVF [6]
1979 – Ali Carter , English snooker player1979 – Tom Lungley , English cricketer and umpire
1980 – Shawn Riggans , American baseball player1980 – Toni Vilander , Finnish race car driver
1980 – David Wachs , American actor and producer
1980 – Scott Waldrom , New Zealand rugby player
1981 – Conor Casey , American soccer player1981 – Constantinos Charalambidis , Cypriot footballer
1981 – Yūichi Komano , Japanese footballer
1981 – Mac Lethal , American rapper and producer
1981 – Jani Rita , Finnish ice hockey player
1982 – Brad Renfro , American actor and musician (died 2008)1982 – Jason Dundas , Australian TV host1983 – Nenad Krstić , Serbian basketball player1984 – Loukas Mavrokefalidis , Greek basketball player1985 – James Lafferty , American actor and athlete1985 – Nelson Piquet Jr. , Brazilian race car driver
1985 – Hugo Rodallega , Colombian footballer
1986 – Abraham Gneki Guié , Ivorian footballer1986 – Hulk , Brazilian footballer
1987 – Richard Bachman , American ice hockey player1987 – Mitchell Burgzorg , Dutch footballer and rapper
1987 – Fernando , Brazilian footballer
1987 – Jax Jones , English DJ, singer and songwriter
1987 – Eran Zahavi , Israeli footballer
1988 – John Goossens , Dutch footballer1988 – Tom Hiariej , Dutch footballer
1988 – Stacey Kemp , English skater
1988 – Paulinho , Brazilian footballer
1988 – Anthony Stokes , Irish footballer
1989 – Natalia Vieru , Russian basketball player1990 – Thodoris Karapetsas , Greek footballer1991 – Hasan Piker , Twitch streamer1991 – Toni Duggan , English footballer1992 – Sergei Simonov , Russian ice hockey player (died 2016)1997 – Nat Butcher , Australian rugby league playerPre-1600 [ edit ] 306 – Constantius Chlorus , Roman emperor (born 250)885 – Ragenold , margrave of Neustria1011 – Ichijō , emperor of Japan (born 980)1190 – Sibylla , queen of Jerusalem1195 – Herrad of Landsberg , abbess, author, and illustrator (born c. 1130)[13] 1409 – Martin I , king of Sicily (born 1376)1471 – Thomas à Kempis , German priest and mystic1472 – Charles of Artois , French nobleman (born 1394)1492 – Innocent VIII , pope of the Catholic Church (born 1432)1564 – Ferdinand I , Holy Roman Emperor (born 1503)[14] 1572 – Isaac Luria , Ottoman rabbi and mystic (born 1534)1601–1900 [ edit ] 1608 – Pomponio Nenna , Italian composer (born 1556)1616 – Andreas Libavius , German physician and chemist (born 1550)1643 – Robert Pierrepont, 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull , English general and politician (born 1584)1681 – Urian Oakes , English-American minister and educator (born 1631)1790 – Johann Bernhard Basedow , German educator and reformer (born 1723)1790 – William Livingston , American soldier and politician, 1st Governor of New Jersey (born 1723)
1791 – Isaac Low , American merchant and politician (born 1735)1794 – André Chénier , Greek-French poet and author (born 1762)1794 – Jean-Antoine Roucher , French poet and author (born 1745)
1794 – Friedrich von der Trenck , Prussian adventurer and author (born 1726)
1826 – Kondraty Ryleyev , Russian poet and publisher (born 1795)1831 – Maria Szymanowska , Polish composer and pianist (born 1789)1834 – Samuel Taylor Coleridge , English philosopher, poet, and critic (born 1772)1842 – Dominique Jean Larrey , French physician and surgeon (born 1766)1843 – Charles Macintosh , Scottish chemist and inventor of waterproof fabric (born 1766)[15] 1861 – Jonas Furrer , Swiss lawyer and politician, President of the Swiss Confederation (born 1805)1865 – James Barry , English soldier and surgeon (born 1799)1887 – John Taylor , American religious leader, 3rd President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (born 1808)1901–present [ edit ] 1934 – François Coty , French businessman, founded Coty, Inc. (born 1874)1934 – Engelbert Dollfuss , Austrian politician, 14th Chancellor of Austria (born 1892)
1934 – Nestor Makhno , Ukrainian anarchist revolutionary (born 1888)[16] [17] [18]
1942 – Fred Englehardt , American triple jumper (born 1879)1952 – Herbert Murrill , English organist and composer (born 1909)1958 – Otto Lasanen , Finnish wrestler (born 1891)1959 – Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog , Polish-born Irish rabbi and author (born 1888)1962 – Thibaudeau Rinfret , Canadian lawyer and jurist, 9th Chief Justice of Canada (born 1879)1963 – Ugo Cerletti , Italian neurologist and academic (born 1877)1966 – Frank O'Hara , American poet and critic (born 1926)1967 – Konstantinos Parthenis , Egyptian-Greek painter (born 1878)1971 – John Meyers , American swimmer and water polo player (born 1880)1971 – Leroy Robertson , American composer and educator (born 1896)
1973 – Amy Jacques Garvey , Jamaican-American journalist and activist (born 1895)1973 – Louis St. Laurent , Canadian lawyer and politician, 12th Prime Minister of Canada (born 1882)
1977 – Shivrampant Damle , Indian educationist (born 1900)[19] 1980 – Vladimir Vysotsky , Russian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (born 1938)1981 – Rosa A. González , Puerto Rican nurse, author, feminist, and activist (born 1889)1982 – Hal Foster , Canadian-American author and illustrator (born 1892)1984 – Bryan Hextall , Canadian ice hockey player (born 1913)1984 – Big Mama Thornton , American singer-songwriter (born 1926)
1986 – Vincente Minnelli , American director and screenwriter (born 1903)1988 – Judith Barsi , American child actress (born 1978)1989 – Steve Rubell , American businessman, co-owner of Studio 54 (born 1943)1991 – Lazar Kaganovich , Soviet politician (born 1893)1992 – Alfred Drake , American actor and singer (born 1914)1995 – Charlie Rich , American singer-songwriter (born 1932)1997 – Ben Hogan , American golfer (born 1912)1998 – Evangelos Papastratos , Greek businessman, co-founded Papastratos (born 1910)2000 – Rudi Faßnacht , German footballer, coach, and manager (born 1934)2002 – Abdel Rahman Badawi , Egyptian philosopher and poet (born 1917)2003 – Ludwig Bölkow , German engineer (born 1912)2003 – John Schlesinger , English actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1926)
2004 – John Passmore , Australian philosopher and academic (born 1914)2005 – Albert Mangelsdorff , German trombonist (born 1928)2006 – Ezra Fleischer , Romanian-Israeli poet and philologist (born 1928)2007 – Bernd Jakubowski , German footballer and manager (born 1952)2008 – Jeff Fehring , Australian footballer (born 1955)2008 – Tracy Hall , American chemist and academic (born 1919)
2008 – Randy Pausch , American computer scientist and educator (born 1960)
2009 – Vernon Forrest , American boxer (born 1971)2009 – Stanley Middleton , English author (born 1919)
2009 – Harry Patch , English soldier (born 1898)
2011 – Michael Cacoyannis , Cypriot-Greek director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1922)2012 – B. R. Ishara , Indian director and screenwriter (born 1934)2012 – Barry Langford , English director and producer (born 1926)
2012 – Greg Mohns , American-Canadian football player and coach (born 1950)
2012 – Franz West , Austrian painter and sculptor (born 1947)
2013 – Walter De Maria , American sculptor, illustrator, and composer (born 1935)2013 – William J. Guste , American lawyer and politician (born 1922)
2013 – Hugh Huxley , English-American biologist and academic (born 1924)
2014 – Bel Kaufman , German-American author and academic (born 1911)2014 – Richard Larter , Australian painter and illustrator (born 1929)
2015 – Jacques Andreani , French diplomat, French ambassador to the United States (born 1929)2015 – R. S. Gavai , Indian lawyer and politician, 18th Governor of Kerala (born 1929)
2015 – Bob Kauffman , American basketball player and coach (born 1946)
2016 – Tim LaHaye , American Christian minister and author (born 1926)[20] 2016 – Tom Peterson , American television personality (born 1930)[21]
2017 – Michael Johnson , American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1944)2018 – Sergio Marchionne , Italian-Canadian businessman[22] 2019 – Beji Caid Essebsi , 4th President and 9th Prime Minister of Tunisia (born 1926)[23] 2020 – Peter Green , English blues rock guitarist, singer-songwriter and founder of Fleetwood Mac (born 1946)[24] 2020 – Lou Henson , American college basketball coach (born 1932) [25] Holidays and observances [ edit ] References [ edit ]
^ Watson (1839). The history of the reign of Philip the Second, king of Spain ^ "CHINA: SHANDONG PROVINCE" . NGDC . Retrieved 9 Dec 2020 .^ "Kadriorg Palace – Tallinn, Estonia" . Spotting History . Retrieved September 29, 2021 .^ Peter Lourie: Jack London and the Klondike Gold Rush . Henry Holt, 2017. ISBN 978-0805097573.
^ Marley, David (2008). Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere, 1492 to the Present ISBN 9781598841008 ^ a b Hutchinson, Martin (24 July 2003). "I helped deliver Louise" . BBC News . Retrieved 18 July 2020 . ^ "Syria war: More than 200 dead in suicide attacks" . BBC . 25 July 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2018 .^ Gallus (Anonymus) (1 January 2003). Anonima tzw. Galla kronika czyli Dzieje ksi???t i w?adc¢w polskich ISBN 978-963-9241-40-4 ^ Steven Mueller (2007). The Wittelsbach Dynasty ISBN 978-0-9702576-3-5 ^ "Dick Passwater" . Retrieved 1 October 2018 .^ Canales, Christina (25 October 2017). "Skylab, Shuttle Astronaut Paul Weitz Dies at 85" . NASA . Retrieved 22 October 2020 . ^ "PM,Tamil Nadu CM greet PMK founder S Ramadoss on his 82nd birthday" . The Times of India ^ "Herrad of Landsberg | Encyclopedia.com" . www.encyclopedia.com . Retrieved 2020-08-01 .^ "Ferdinand I | Holy Roman emperor" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 30 June 2020 .^ Day, Lance; McNeil, Ian (11 September 2002). Biographical Dictionary of the History of Technology ISBN 978-1-134-65019-4 ^ Skirda, Alexandre (2004) [1982]. Nestor Makhno–Anarchy's Cossack: The Struggle for Free Soviets in the Ukraine 1917–1921 . Translated by Sharkey, Paul. Oakland : AK Press . p. 285. ISBN 978-1-902593-68-5 OCLC 60602979 .^ Malet, Michael (1982). Nestor Makhno in the Russian Civil War . London : Palgrave Macmillan . p. 192. ISBN 978-0-333-25969-6 OCLC 8514426 . ^ Peters, Victor (1970). Nestor Makhno: The Life of an Anarchist . Winnipeg: Echo Books. p. 96. OCLC 7925080 . ^ Gadre, Vishwas; Limaye, Anand, eds. (16 December 2012). "Sagwe-Miraj -Kivale gharane" [The House of Sagwe, Miraj and Kivale ]. दामले कुलवृत्तांत [The Damle Family Genealogy Almanac ] (in Marathi) (2nd ed.). Mumbai : Damle Samiti. p. 256. ^ Banks, Adelle (July 28, 2016). "Tim LaHaye, Evangelical Leader and 'Left Behind' Co-Author, Dead at 90" . The Columbus Dispatch Archived from the original on August 1, 2016. Retrieved August 4, 2016 . ^ Nelson, Scott Bernard (July 25, 2016). "Portland advertising legend Tom Peterson dies at 86" . The Oregonian . Archived from the original on 2016-07-29. Retrieved 2016-07-25 . ^ Di Paolo Griseri (25 July 2018). "E' morto Sergio Marchionne, l'uomo che salvò l'auto italiana" . Repubblica.it. Retrieved July 25, 2018 . ^ "Obituary: Tunisia's President Beji Caid Essebsi" . BBC News . 2019-07-25. Retrieved 2019-10-06 .^ "Obituary: Peter Green, British Blues virtuoso" . BBC News . 2020-07-25. Retrieved 2020-10-06 .^ "Legendary Fighting Illini Lou Henson Passes Away at 88" .
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