Karachay-Balkar language
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| Karachay-Balkar | |
|---|---|
| Къарачай-Малкъар тил Таулу тил | |
| Native to | Russia |
| Region | Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay–Cherkessia, Afyonkarahisar Province |
| Ethnicity | Karachays, Balkars |
Native speakers | 310,000 (2010 census)[1] |
Turkic
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Cyrillic, Latin | |
| Official status | |
Official language in | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | krc |
| ISO 639-3 | krc |
| Glottolog | kara1465[2] |
The Karachay-Balkar language (Къарачай-Малкъар тил, Qaraçay-Malqar til or Таулу тил, Tawlu til) is a Turkic language spoken by the Karachays and Balkars in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay–Cherkessia, European Russia, as well as by an immigrant population in Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. It is divided into two dialects: Karachay-Baksan-Chegem, which pronounces two phonemes as /tʃ/ and /dʒ/, and Balkar, which pronounces the corresponding phonemes as /ts/ and /z/. The modern Karachay-Balkar written language is based on the Karachay-Baksan-Chegem dialect. The language is closely related to Kumyk.[3]
Contents
Alphabet[edit]
Modern Karachay-Balkar Cyrillic alphabet:
| А а /a/ |
Б б /b/ |
В в /v/ |
Г г /g/ |
Гъ гъ |
Д д /d/ |
Дж дж /dʒ/ |
Е е /je/ |
| Ё ё /ø, jo/ |
Ж ж* /ʒ/ |
З з /z/ |
И и /i/ |
Й й /j/ |
К к /k/ |
Къ къ /q/ |
Л л /l/ |
| М м /m/ |
Н н /n/ |
Нг нг /ŋ/ |
О о /o/ |
П п /p/ |
Р р /r/ |
С с /s/ |
Т т /t/ |
| У у /u, w/ |
Ф ф* /f/ |
Х х /x/ |
Ц ц /ts/ |
Ч ч /tʃ/ |
Ш ш /ʃ/ |
Щ щ | |
| ъ |
Ы ы /ɯ/ |
ь |
Э э /e/ |
Ю ю /y, ju/ |
Я я /ja/ |
- * Not found in native vocabulary
Karachay-Balkar Latin alphabet:
| A a | B в | C c | Ç ç | D d | E e | F f | G g |
| Ƣ ƣ | I i | J j | K k | Q q | L l | M m | N n |
| N̡ n̡ | O o | Ө ө | P p | R r | S s | Ş ş | T t |
| Ь ь | U u | V v | Y y | X x | Z z | Ƶ ƶ |
Phonology[edit]
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i y | ɯ u |
| Mid | e ø | o |
| Open | a |
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p b | t d | k ɡ | (q) (ɢ) | ||
| Fricative | [f] | s z | ʃ | x (ɣ) | h | |
| Affricate | [ts] | tʃ dʒ | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Liquid | l r | |||||
| Approximant | w | j |
Parentheses indicate allophones.
Grammar[edit]
Nominals[edit]
Cases[edit]
| Case | Suffix |
|---|---|
| Nominative | -ø |
| Accusative | -NI |
| Genitive | -NI |
| Dative | -GA |
| Locative | -DA |
| Ablative | -DAн |
Possessive suffixes[edit]
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | -Iм | -Iнг | -(s)I(n) |
| Plural | -IбIз | -IгIз | -(s)I(n) |
Language example[edit]
Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Karachay-Balkar:
| In Cyrillic | Transliteration | Translation |
| Бютеу адамла эркин болуб эмда сыйлары бла хакълары тенг болуб тууадыла. Алагъа акъыл бла намыс берилгенди эмда бир-бирлерине къарнашлыкъ халда къараргъа керекдиле. | Bütew adamla erkin bolub emda sıyları bla haqları teñ bolub tuwadıla. Alağa aqıl bla namıs berilgendi emda bir-birlerine qarnaşlıq halda qararğa kerekdile. | All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. |
Numerals[edit]
| Numeral | Karachay-Balkar | Kumyk | Nogay |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | ноль | ноль | ноль |
| 1 | бир | бир | бир |
| 2 | эки | эки | эки |
| 3 | юч | уьч | уьш |
| 4 | тёрт | дёрт | доьрт |
| 5 | беш | беш | бес |
| 6 | алты | алты | алты |
| 7 | джети | етти | йети |
| 8 | сегиз | сегиз | сегиз |
| 9 | тогъуз | тогъуз | тогыз |
| 10 | он | он | он |
Loanwords[edit]
Loanwords from Ossetian, Kabardian, Arabic, and Persian are fairly numerous.[3]
Bibliography[edit]
- Chodiyor Doniyorov and Saodat Doniyorova. Parlons Karatchay-Balkar. Paris: Harmattan, 2005. ISBN 2-7475-9577-3.
- Steve Seegmiller (1996) Karachay (LINCOM)
References[edit]
- ^ Row 102 in Приложение 6: Население Российской Федерации по владению языками [Appendix 6: Population of the Russian Federation by languages used] (XLS) (in Russian). Федеральная служба государственной статистики [Federal State Statistics Service].
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Karachay-Balkar". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^ a b George L. Campbell and Gareth King (2013). Compendium of the World Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-1362-5846-6. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
- ^ a b Seegmiller, Steve. Phonological and Orthographical Information in Dictionaries: The Case of Pröhle's Karachay Glossary and its Successors.
External links[edit]
| Karachay-Balkar edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Karachay-Balkar phrasebook. |

