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Klaus von Klitzing

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Klaus von Klitzing
Von Klitzing in 2015
Born (1943-06-28) 28 June 1943 (age 83)
Schroda, Reichsgau Posen, Nazi Germany
(now Środa Wielkopolska, Poland)
EducationUniversity of Würzburg
Known forQuantum Hall effect[1]
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
Thesis Galvanomagnetische Eigenschaften von Tellur in starken Magnetfeldern  (1972)
Websitewww.fkf.mpg.de/klitzing

Klaus von Klitzing (German: [ˈklaʊs fɔn ˈklɪtsɪŋ] ⓘ; born 28 June 1943) is a German physicist, known for discovery of the integer quantum Hall effect, for which he was awarded the 1985 Nobel Prize in Physics.[3][4]

Von Klitzing was born into the old noble Von Klitzing family from the Mittelmark region. He and his family arrived in Lutten near Vechta as German Expellees in 1945. In 1948 they moved to Oldenburg and in 1951 to Essen in the Cloppenburg district.

Education

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In Essen von Klitzing went to the Protestant elementary School where he was allowed to take advanced classes targeted at older students, and from 1953 onwards he attended the Artland-Gymnasium in Quakenbrück where he earned his Abitur at the top of his class in 1962[5].

He then studied physics at the Braunschweig University of Technology, where he received his diploma in 1969. He continued his studies at the University of Würzburg at the chair of Gottfried Landwehr, completing his PhD thesis entitled Galvanomagnetic Properties of Tellurium in Strong Magnetic Fields (German: Galvanomagnetische Eigenschaften von Tellur in starken Magnetfeldern) in 1972, and gaining habilitation in 1978.

Research and career

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During his career Klitzing has worked at the Clarendon Laboratory at the University of Oxford and the Grenoble High Magnetic Field Laboratory in France (now LNCMI), where he continued to work until becoming a professor at the Technical University of Munich in 1980. He has been a director of the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research in Stuttgart since 1985.[6]

The von Klitzing constant, RK = h/e2 = 25812.80745... Ω,[7] is named in honor of Klaus von Klitzing's discovery of the quantum Hall effect, and is listed in the National Institute of Standards and Technology Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. The inverse of the constant is equal to half the value of the conductance quantum.

More recently,[when?] Klitzing's research focuses on the properties of low-dimensional electronic systems, typically in low temperatures and in high magnetic fields.

Honours and awards

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Von Klitzing has won numerous awards and honours including:

References

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  1. ↑ Klitzing, K. v.; Dorda, G.; Pepper, M. (1980). "New Method for High-Accuracy Determination of the Fine-Structure Constant Based on Quantized Hall Resistance". Physical Review Letters. 45 (6). American Physical Society: 494–497. Bibcode:1980PhRvL..45..494K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.45.494.
  2. 1 2 "Professor Klaus von Klitzing ForMemRS". Royal Society.
  3. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1985". Nobel Media AB 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2018. The Nobel Prize in Physics 1985 was awarded to Klaus von Klitzing "for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect".
  4. ↑ "Klaus von Klitzing". www.nobel-winners.com. 2003. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
  5. ↑ Claus Peter Poppe, Antje Telgenbüscher, Heiko Bockstiegel et al.: Persönlichkeiten aus Quakenbrück und umzu. Editor: Stadtmuseum Quakenbrück (i.e. Quakenbrück City Museum). 2024, ISBN 978-3-9825260-2-7. P. 86.
  6. ↑ K. von Klitzing; G. Dorda; M. Pepper (1980). "New Method for High-Accuracy Determination of the Fine-Structure Constant Based on Quantized Hall". Physical Review Letters. 45 (6): 494–497. Bibcode:1980PhRvL..45..494K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.45.494.
  7. ↑ "2022 CODATA Value: von Klitzing constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
  8. ↑ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
  9. ↑ "Honorary graduates, 1990 to 1999". University of Bath. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
  10. ↑ "Preisträger/innen" (in German). Braunschweigische Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft. Archived from the original on 1 November 2017. Retrieved 28 April 2018. 2005: Klaus von Klitzing, Dr. rer. nat., Dr. h. c. mult., Professor für Festkörperphysik, Direktor am Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Honorarprofessor an der Universität Stuttgart
  11. ↑ "10542/AB XXIV. GP – Anfragebeantwortung" (PDF) (in German). 23 April 2012. p. 1841. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
  12. ↑ "Doctorado Honoris Causa". unsam.edu.ar (in Spanish). Noticias UNSAM. 17 November 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  13. ↑ "Orden Pour le mérite wählt neue Mitglieder". bundesregierung.de (in German). Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung. 2019. Retrieved 3 August 2019.
  14. ↑ "Klaus von Klitzing winner of the Fray Award".
[edit]
  • Klaus von Klitzing on Nobelprize.org Edit this at Wikidata including the Nobel Lecture, 9 December 1985 The Quantized Hall Effect
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