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Ladins

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Ladins
Flag of Ladins
The Ladin-speaking valleys of Val di Fassa, Val Gardena, Val Badia, Livinallongo and Ampezzo and their locations in northern Italy
Total population
≈31,000 (2011, est.)
Regions with significant populations
Ladinia
Languages
Ladin, Italian, Austrian German, Venetian
Religion
Roman Catholicism
Related ethnic groups
Friulians, Romansh

The Ladins are a Romance ethnolinguistic group[1][2] of northern Italy. They are distributed in several valleys, collectively known as Ladinia. These valleys include the valleys of Badia and Gherdëina in South Tyrol, of Fassa in Trentino, and of Livinallongo (also known as Buchenstein or Fodom) and Ampezzo in Belluno.[3] Their native language is Ladin, a Rhaeto-Romance language related to the Swiss Romansh and Friulian languages.[4] Ladinia is located in the historical region of Tyrol, and Ladins share that region's culture, history, traditions, environment and architecture.

History

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Ladins are thought to be related to Rhaetian people who probably represent the most ancient settlers of the Alps. Around 1000 AD, the Rhaeto-Romance language area was vast, stretching continuously from the Swiss Alps in the west to the Julian Alps in modern-day Slovenia.[5] As Germanic and Slavic populations migrated into the Alps, this large cultural territory was fragmented. Over the centuries, the Ladin people were pushed into high-altitude, isolated mountain valleys, which physically separated them from their linguistic cousins in Switzerland (who speak Romansh) and northeastern Italy (who speak Friulian). Today, the Dolomitic Ladins are one of the last surviving remnants of this once-expansive Alpine population.[5]

Ladins developed a formal national identity in the 19th century.[3][6] Micurà de Rü undertook the first attempt to develop a written form of the Ladin language.[7] Ladin culture is promoted by the government-sponsored cultural institute Istitut Ladin Micurà de Rü in the South Tyrolean municipality of San Martin de Tor.[8] There is also a Ladin museum in the same municipality. The Ladins of Trentino and Belluno have their own cultural institutes: Majon de Fascegn in Vigo di Fassa, Cesa de Jan in Colle Santa Lucia and Istituto Ladin de la Dolomites in Borca di Cadore.

The Ladin people constitute 4.53% of the population of South Tyrol.[9]

Communities

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Ladin communities in the core area
Ladin
Name		Italian
Name		German
Name		ProvinceArea
(km2)		Population
Anpezo Cortina d’Ampezzo Hayden Belluno 255 6,150
Urtijëi Ortisei St. Ulrich in Gröden South Tyrol 24 4,569
Badia Badia Abtei 82 3,237
Mareo Marebbe Enneberg 161 2,684
Moéna Moena Moena Trentino 82 2,628
Sëlva Selva di Val Gardena Wolkenstein in Gröden South Tyrol 53 2,589
Poza Pozza di Fassa Potzach im Fassatal Trentino 73 1,983
Cianacei Canazei Kanzenei 67 1,844
Santa Cristina Gherdëina Santa Cristina Valgardena St. Christina in Gröden South Tyrol 31 1,840
San Martin de Tor San Martino in Badia St. Martin in Thurn 76 1,727
Fodom Livinallongo del Col di Lana Buchenstein Belluno 99 1,436
Corvara Corvara Kurfar South Tyrol 42 1,266
La Val La Valle Wengen 39 1,251
Låg Laghetti Laag 23 1,284
Vich Vigo di Fassa Vig im Fassatal Trentino 26 1,142
Ciampedèl Campitello di Fassa Kampidel im Fassatal 25 732
Sorèga Soraga Überwasser 19 677
Mazin Mazzin Mazzin 23 440
Col Colle Santa Lucia Verseil Belluno 15 418
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Notable people

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See also

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Further reading

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  • Tobia Moroder (Ed.): The Ladins of the Dolomites. People, landscape, culture. Vienna/Bozen: Folio 2016, ISBN 978-3-85256-697-9

References

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  1. ↑ Jan Markusse: The South Tyrolese Inter-Ethnic Package Deal. An Example for Other Multi-Ethnic Regions?, in: Yearbook of European Studies 6. Borders and Territories. Rodopi, Amsterdam/Atlanta 1993, ISBN 90-5183-506-X, p. 193-220. E. g. For the small ethnic group of Ladins the package offers advantages and disadvantages.
  2. ↑ Christoph Perathoner: Die Dolomitenladiner 1848–1918: ethnisches Bewusstsein und politische Partizipation. Folio, Bozen/Wien 1998, ISBN 978-3852560809
  3. 1 2 Sakalis, Alex (22 November 2021). "Italy's Most Mysterious Region Has Warrior Princesses and a Marmot Obsession". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  4. ↑ Beninca, Paola; Haiman, John (2005). The Rhaeto-Romance Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-96548-9.
  5. 1 2 Belardi, Walter (1994). Profilo storico-politico della lingua e della letteratura ladina. Roma: Il calamo.
  6. ↑ Christoph Perathoner: Die Dolomitenladiner 1848–1918: ethnisches Bewusstsein und politische Partizipation. Folio, Bozen/Wien 1998, ISBN 978-3852560809
  7. ↑ "Origin of the name". micura.it. Retrieved 2020-06-08.
  8. ↑ "Objectives – Istitut Ladin Micurà de Rü". 28 March 2008. Archived from the original on 28 March 2008. Retrieved 2011-03-07.
  9. ↑ "South Tyrol in Figures". Declaration of language group affiliation – Population Census 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-07-28. Retrieved 2012-10-07.
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