List of historical markers of the Philippines in Central Luzon

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Monument and marker for Teodoro R. Yangco in San Antonio, Zambales

This list of historical markers installed by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) in Central Luzon (Region III) is an annotated list of people, places, or events in the region that have been commemorated by cast-iron plaques issued by the said commission. The plaques themselves are permanent signs installed in publicly visible locations on buildings, monuments, or in special locations.

While many Cultural Properties have historical markers installed, not all places marked with historical markers are designated into one of the particular categories of Cultural Properties.

A marker on the site of the assassination of Aurora Aragon Quezon in Bongabon was rededicated on the site on April 28, 2013, after the original marker dated February 13, 1991, went missing.[1]

There has been an issue regarding the possible relocation of a historical marker dedicated to Francisco "Soc" Rodrigo in Bulakan over ownership issues of the heritage house.[2]

The historical marker for José Rizal in Tarlac City was reported to be in a state of rot in 2011.[3] The marker was relocated and put in a better position in front of the city plaza after 58 years of neglect.[4]

On June 3, 2016, it was the first time for the NHCP to unveil a marker for a nameless personality. A marker was installed in Macabebe, commemorating the leader of the Battle of Bangkusay Channel, the "first native to give up his life for independence."[5]

The first historical marker in the Kapampangan language was unveiled on August 17, 2017, for the Holy Rosary Parish Church of Angeles City. This also served as a rectification for the earlier marker of the Pamintuan Mansion saying that the said house was the site of the first anniversary celebration of the independence of the Philippines. Thus, replacement markers were also installed for the said house.[6]

This article lists two hundred seven (207) markers from the region of Central Luzon, including four (4) that are part of the Philippine Nationhood Trail markers series.

Aurora[edit]

This article lists seven (7) markers from the province of Aurora.

Marker title English Translation Category Type Description Location Language Date Issued Image
Aurora Aragon Quezon (1888–1949) Building House First Lady of Manuel Quezon and became the first head of the Philippine Red Cross. Aurora Aragon Quezon Ancestral House, Rizal St., Baler Filipino February 19, 1985
Bayan ng Baler Town of Baler An old community of Barrio Sabang before the arrival of the Spaniards, established as a Franciscan mission in 1609. Baler Plaza, Baler Filipino 2009
Birthplace of Manuel Luis Quezon Structure Monument Site of the house where Manuel Quezon was born on August 19, 1878. Museo Baler, Quezon St., Baler English 1948
Dikaloyungan Site Site Site of declaration of defiance against the Spaniards in Aurora. Katipuneros tore their cedula here on September 3, 1897. Recto St., Brgy. Zabali, Baler Filipino June 30, 2005
Lt. Gilmore Rescue Party Site Site Site of a rescue party of Lt. James C. Gilmore to rescue the Spanish garrison against Philippine revolutionaries. Baler Plaza, San Luis St., Baler English 1939
Siege of the Church of Baler Building House of Worship The Spanish garrison was besieged in Baler Church from June 27, 1898, to June 2, 1899. Baler Church, Baler English 1939
Simbahan ng Baler Church of Baler Building House of Worship First built by Franciscans in 1611, site of the Siege of the Church of Baler. Baler Church, Baler English April 12, 2000

Bataan[edit]

This article lists twenty-two (22) markers from the province of Bataan.

Marker title English Translation Category Type Description Location Language Date Issued Image
Bataan and Democracy Contains a quote from United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt's radio address of January 3, 1945. Hermosa English January 5, 1945
Cabcaben Mariveles, Bataan Resistance against the Japanese ended when Corregidor fell and when Lieutenant General Jonathan M. Wainwright surrendered to Lieutenant General Masaharu Homma in a house on this site. Bataan Provincial Expressway/Roman Superhighway, Townsite, Mariveles Filipino March 26, 1977[7]
Cayetano Arellano Birthplace of the first Filipino Chief Justice of the Philippines. He was born here on March 2, 1847. Orion Filipino April 1970
Church of Abucay Building House of Worship Dominicans were entrusted here in 1588. One of the earliest printing presses in the Philippines was operated in Abucay, under Rev. Francisco Blancas San Jose, O.P. and Don Tomas Pinpin. Abucay Church facade, Abucay English 1939
Church of Balanga Formerly part of Abucay, it became an independent mission in 1739. Balanga Church facade, Balanga English 1940
Church of Hermosa Served as a temporary provincial chapter for the Dominicans Hermosa English 1939
Church of Orani Building House of Worship Became an independent missionary center in 1714. The church was reconstructed in 1938. Orani Church, Orani English 1939
Church of Orion Formerly part of Abucay. Became independent in 1667. Town was birthplace of Cayetano Arellano. Orion Church facade, Orion English 1939
Church of Samal Building House of Worship Dominicans were entrusted here in 1596. In 1898, the church was burned by the Katipuneros to drive out their enemies. Samal Church facade, Samal English 1939
Corregidor Became a stronghold for multiple political entities, including the Chinese in 1225, Spanish, Dutch, allied forces and the Japanese.. A. Bonifacio St., cor. Monroe, Mariveles English 1949
Death March April 1942 The last frontline of the defense of the Bataan Peninsula against the Japanese Bagac English 1968
The Death March of Filipino and American Prisoners of War from Mariveles and Bagac to Camp O' Donnell, Capas, Tarlac April 1942 Structure Memorial More than 70,000 Filipino and American soldiers were tortured by the Japanese in this march after the Fall of Bataan. Mariveles Filipino, English 1967
The Fall of Bataan
9 April 1942
Site/Events Site In memory of the Filipinos and Americans who fought in World War II Balanga English April 9, 1952
Francisco C. Baltazar (Balagtas) 1788–1862[8] Great Filipino poet, author of Florante at Laura. Became inspiration for heroes such as José Rizal and Apolinario Mabini. Balagtas Monument, Brgy. Wawa, Orion Filipino March 27, 2015[9]

Kalookan ng Sisiman Lookout of Sisiman First main headquarters of the first squadron if the coast guard under Capt. Alberto Navarette. Sisiman, Mariveles English April 10, 1982
Mariveles During the Spanish era, it became the important checking point of ships entering or leaving Manila Bay. Starting point of Death March, April 9, 1942 Mariveles English 1950

Ang Pinagsimulan ng Death March[10] The Starting Point of the Death March Site of an Event Site Starting point of the Death March in Mariveles, where more than 70,000 Filipino and American soldiers were forced to march. Poblacion, Mariveles Filipino March 23, 2017
Ang Pinagsimulan ng Death March The Starting Point of the Death March Starting point of the Death March in Mariveles, where more than 70,000 Filipino and American soldiers were forced to march. Bagac Filipino September 22, 2017
The Provincial Government Building of Bataan Formerly known as the Casa Real. Housed the provincial high school from 1903 to 1906. Balanga English 1939
Tomas Guillermo T. del Rosario Personages Biographical marker Remembered for advocating the separation of church and state in the Philippines. Balanga Filipino 2007
Tomas Pinpin Limbagang Pinpin Museum, Abucay, Bataan[11] Filipino 2019
Tomas Pinpin Personages Biographical marker One of the first recorded Filipinos expert in book publishing. Tomas Pinpin Monument, Plaza Mabatang, Abucay Filipino November 22, 2022

Bulacan[edit]

This article lists sixty-one (61) markers from the province of Bulacan.

Marker title English Translation Category Type Description Location Language Date Issued Image
Site where the house stood housing the school of the Women of Malolos which was given a letter by Rizal. Old site of Instituto Mujeres, Malolos City Filipino June 20, 1961
Convent where Emilio Aguinaldo announced the ratification of the Malolos Constitution. Barasoain Church Convent, Malolos City Filipino 1969
Barasoain as the Cradle of Democracy in the East. Members of the Malolos Congress. Barasoain Church, Malolos City Filipino, English, and Spanish 1961
Barasoain Church site where Aguinaldo took his oath as the president of the Philippines. Barasoain Church, Malolos City Filipino 1969
Alejo Santos

1911 - 1984

Personages Biographical marker Hero of the Second World War. Bustos Heritage Park, Bustos Filipino July 17, 2022
Ang Bayan ng Kalumpit The Town of Calumpit Established in 1575 by Augustinians, became the first town in Bulacan. Calumpit Filipino December 27, 1975
Ang Bayan ng Obando The Town of Obando Former part of Meycauayan and Polo, famous for its festival every May 17–18. Parking Area, Obando Municipal Hall, Obando Filipino May 19, 1973
Birthplace of General Gregorio H. del Pilar Site Site Katipunan general born in Cupang on November 14, 1875. Defended Kakarong and Tirad Pass. Cupang, Bulakan Filipino 1948

Birthplace of Marcelo del Pilar Birthplace of the propagandist and colleague of Rizal. He was a descendant of the old noble family of the Gatmaytans. Cupang, Bulakan English 1939
Birthplace of Marcelo del Pilar Birthplace of the propagandist, born on August 30, 1850. Writer and editor of La Solidaridad. Cupang, Bulakan English 2012

Biyaknabato Site Cave Where Katipuneros under Aguinaldo established the Republic of Biak na Bato. Biak-na-Bato National Park, San Miguel Filipino December 14, 1973
Bulacan Military Area Marker dedicated to the heroes of the Bulacan Military Area which was established on July 3, 1942. Filipino
Bulacan Military Area Site Military Camp Military camp aided in the battle of the Filipino guerrillas and USAFFE against the Japanese in WWII. Bustos Plaza, Bustos Filipino August 2, 2012
Bulakan Church Building House of Worship The Town Church of Bulakan built by Augustinians in 1578 Bulakan Filipino 1956
Casa Real Building NHCP Museum Built in 1580 as Casa Tribunal,became Casa Real of Bulacan Province in 1901. Paseo del Congreso cor. Bank of Commerce Rd., Malolos City Filipino June 11, 1990
Church of Barasoain Building House of Worship, NHCP Museum Site of Malolos Congress 1898, Inauguration of the First Philippine Republic 1899, Site of Universidad Literaria de Filipina Barasoain Church façade, Malolos Filipino, English 1940, 1969,
Church of Hagonoy Originally a chapel under Calumpit. Became a church in 1731. Hagonoy English 1958
Church of Meycauayan Building House of Worship The town of Meycauayan was established by the Franciscans in 1578. Present church was built in 1668. Meycauayan Church façade English 1938
Church of Pandi Building House of Worship The parish and town of Santa Maria, formerly known as Santa Maria de Pandi, were founded in 1792. Both town and church were destroyed during an incident between Filipino and American forces in April 1899. Santa Maria Church façade English 1939

Dela Fuente-Villaroman Ancestral House Buildings/

Structures

Ancestral House Caingin, San Rafael, Bulacan English August 17, 2022
Dito Ipinanganak noong Ika-25 ng Marso, 1863 si Mariano Ponce Here Mariano Ponce was born March 25, 1863 Colleague of Rizal in propagating Filipino ideas in Europe. Mariano Ponce St., Brgy. Tibag, Baliuag Filipino 1953
Dr. Maximo Viola
(1857–1933)
Rizal's travel companion in Europe who funded Noli me Tangere. Maharlika Highway cor. Viola St., San Miguel Filipino October 17, 1962
Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (1869–1964) Structure Monument First president of the Philippines. Malolos became the site of the revolutionary government after it was moved from Bakoor. Calle Paseo del Congreso, Malolos City Filipino January 23, 2012
Felipe Buencamino, Ama Felipe Buencamino, Father Statesman and a first secretary of foreign affairs during the First Philippine Republic. San Miguel Filipino February 24, 1974

Felipe Salvador Personages Biographical marker Advocate of religious freedom, became a leader of a Kapampangan revolt against the Spaniards. Baliuag North Central School, Baliuag Filipino May 26, 2021
Francisco Santiago Wrote the first modern kundiman. Became the director of the Conservatory of Music of the University of the Philippines. Sta. Maria Filipino 1964
Francisco "Soc" Rodrigo 1914–1998[12] Teacher, broadcaster, writer, and senator who fervently used Filipino in his literary works and even in his teaching Bulakan Filipino January 29, 2014
Guilermo E. Tolentino
(1890–1976)
Site House Birthplace of National Artist Guillermo E.Tolentino Calle Sabitan, Malolos City Filipino July 28, 2012
Heneral Isidoro D. Torres General Isidoro D. Torres Site Site Established a guerrilla unit when Malolos was captured by General Arthur MacArthur on March 31, 1899. Brgy. Matimbo Rd., Matimbo, Malolos City Filipino September 15, 1956
Joaquin Gonzalez
(1853–1900)
Distinguished scientist in medicine and became representative of Pampanga for the revolutionary congress. 590 Dr. Gonzalez St., Poblacion, Baliuag Filipino September 21, 1982
Jose Cojuangco

(1896–1976)

Site House Legislator and businessman. In 1938, established and headed the Philippine Bank of Commerce. Cojuangco Ancestral House, Calle Paseo del Congreso, Malolos City Filipino 2009
Jose Corazon de Jesus Famous poet. Known as the "King of Balagtasan" after beating Florentino T. Collantes at the Olympic Stadium. Sta. Maria Filipino 1964
Katedral ng Malolos Cathedral of Malolos Built in 1580 by Augustinian friars became Cathedral in 1962 and a Minor Basilica in 1999. Church of the Immaculate Conception site, Malolos City Filipino March 14, 2022
Labanan sa Kakarong Battle of Kakarong Site Site Became a Katipunan camp of 6,000 soldiers. More than 1,200 Katipuneros died in this historic battle. Pandi Filipino April 17, 1968[13]
Labanan sa Ipo Dam Battle of Ipo Dam Five-day battle between Japanese and allied forces. The battle was won by the guerrillas on May 17, 1945. Norzagaray Filipino May 19, 2005
Labanan sa Quingua (Plaridel) Abril 23, 1899 Battle of Quingua (Plaridel) April 23, 1899 Site Site Major Battle of the Philippine–American War. American forces were first defeated, but advanced through the help of reinforcements. Plaridel Filipino April 23, 1999
Labanan sa San Rafael Battle of San Rafael The battle on November 30, 1896, became one of the bloodies in Bulacan, with Filipino forces headed by General Anacleto Enriquez and Spanish forces headed by Lieutenant Colonel Lopez Arteaga. San Rafael Church façade, San Rafael Filipino November 30, 1997
Mababang Paaralan ng San Rafael San Rafael Elementary School Building School School building designed by William E. Parsons. Used by the Japanese during WWII from 1942 to 1944. San Rafael Elementary School, S. Valero St., M. Valte St., San Rafael 2008
Mabuhay ang mga Bayani Long Live the Heroes Place where a thousand men protested against the local Spanish government. Bustos Church grounds, C.L. Hilario St., Bustos Filipino 1960
Malolos

Landas ng Pagkabansang Pilipino, 1898–1899

Malolos

Path of Filipino Nationhood, 1898–1899

Malolos Church, Malolos City Filipino September 20, 2023[14]
Marcelo H. del Pilar Building NHCP Museum Where propagandist Marcelo H. del Pilar was born August 30, 1850. Bulakan (1939 marker currently within NHCP storage) English 1939, 1976
Mariano Ponce Colleague of Rizal in propagating Filipino ideas in Europe. Mariano Ponce St., Brgy. Tibag, Baliuag Filipino May 24, 2019
Mariano V. Sevilla

12 Nobyembre 1839 - 23 Nobyembre 1923

Mariano V. Sevilla

12 November 1839 - 23 November 1923

Priest and writer of devotional for Flores de Mayo, implicated in the Cavite mutiny. Mariano Sevilla monument, Bulakan Church grounds, Bulakan Filipino November 23, 2023[15]
Nicanor Abelardo at Sta. Ana
(1893–1934)
Nicanor Abelardo y Sta. Ana

(1893–1934)

One of the greatest musical composers of the Philippines. Became known for Mutya ng Pasig. San Miguel Filipino June 20, 1963
Pook na Sinilangan ni Balagtas Birthplace of Francisco Balagtas Site Site Birthplace of the national poet Francisco Balagtas, born on April 2, 1788. Author of Florante at Laura. Panginay, Balagtas (Bigaa) Filipino 1949

Pook ng Gobierno Militar de la Plaza Malolos, Bulacan Site of the Military Governor's Place in Malolos Building Private Company (Meralco Malolos Office) Office of General Isidoro Torres during the First Philippine Republic Calle Pariancillo, Brgy. Santo Niño, Malolos City Filipino 2008
Republica Filipina, 1898–1901 Philippine Republic, 1898–1901 Malolos City Spanish Sept. 15, 1956
Republika Pilipina
1898–1901
Philippine Republic

1898–1901

Church convent served as Presidential Residence of General Emilio Aguinaldo during the First Philippine Republic. Church of the Immaculate Conception, Malolos City Filipino, English, and Spanish 1969
Simbahan ng Baliwag Church of Baliuag Building House of Worship Established in the town by Augustinians 1733. The church became a military camp and hospital by the Americans in 1899. Baliwag Church, Baliwag Filipino August 28, 2023
Simbahan ng Barasoain Church of Barasoain Building House of Worship, NHCP Museum Declared by the NHCP as a national historical landmark. Barasoain Church façade, Malolos Filipino September 21, 1977
Ang Simbahan ng Bulacan The Church of Bulacan Established by Augustinians in 1575 as a visita of Tondo. Where Gregorio Del Pilar secretly distributed leaflets from the writings of Marcelo Del Pilar. Bulakan Filipino 2007

Simbahan ng Hagonoy Church of Hagonoy Building House of Worship Town established by Augustinian priests in 1581. Father Diego Ordoñez Vivar served as first priest. Hagonoy Filipino April 5, 1981
Simbahan ng Calumpit Building House of Worship The Town Church of Calumpit built by Augustinians in 1571 Calumpit Filipino June 24, 2019
Simbahan ng Marilao Church of Marilao Started as a chapel, first built by Fr. Vicente de Talavera on April 21, 1796. Marilao Filipino 1980; May 8, 1996

Simbahan ng Obando Obando Church Building House of Worship First built by Franciscans under the leadership of Rev. P. Manuel de Olivencia, on April 29, 1754. Obando Church façade, Obando Filipino April 28, 1984

Simbahan ng Pulilan Pulilan Church Buildings/ Structures House of Worship Established by Augustinians. Besieged during the revolution. Pulilan Church façade, Pulilan Filipino March 15, 2021
Simbahan ng Quingua (Plaridel, Bulacan) Church of Quingua Building House of Worship Established in the town by Augustinians 1602. The church became a military camp and hospital by the Americans in 1899. Plaridel Filipino 1959
Simbahan ng San Miguel de Mayumo Church of San Miguel de Mayumo Established in 1607 as a visita of Candaba by Augustinians. Became a Spanish garrison during the Battle of San Miguel de Mayumo, May 1898. San Miguel church façade, San Miguel Filipino May 3, 2018[16]
Simbahan ng Sta. Maria Sta. Maria Church Santa Maria church façade, Santa Maria Filipino
Simon Tecson (1861–1903) Revolutionary colonel from San Miguel, who headed the troops of Bulacan, and was assigned by Aguinaldo to pursue the Siege of Baler. San Miguel Filipino 2009
Trinidad Tecson Revolutionary who became known as the "Mother of Biyak-na-Bato." San Miguel Filipino November 18, 1979

Nueva Ecija[edit]

This article lists twenty-three (23) markers from the province of Nueva Ecija.

Marker title English Translation Category Type Description Location Language Date Issued Image
Bahay ni Crispulo Sideco Crispulo Sideco House Became the headquarters of Emilio Aguinaldo when the capital moved to San Isidro. Crispulo Sideco House Filipino April 5, 2024
Central Luzon State University Founded as Muñoz School in 1907. Secretly founded here a group of guerrillas in 1943. Central Luzon State University, University Ave., Science City of Muñoz Filipino April 12, 2007
Death Place of General Antonio Luna Formerly the presidential headquarters of the First Philippine Republic, where Luna and his aide Francisco Roman were assassinated by Aguinaldo's men. San Nicolas de Tolentino Church, Plaza Lucero, Cabanatuan English February 3, 1966
Epifanio de los Santos Personage Statue Prince of Filipino Scholars, noted author, historian, and lawyer. Epifanio de los Santos Monument, San Isidro Plaza, San Isidro Filipino April 6, 2015
Heneral Manuel Tinio
(1877–1924)
General Manuel Tinio (1877–1924) Revolutionary general who fought on both the Philippine revolutionary wars against the Spanish and the Americans. Tinio Mausoleum, Cabanatuan Cemetery, Cabanatuan City Filipino 1977
Jose P. Bantug Teacher of public health. Founder and first president of Philippine Numismatic and Antiquarian society. San Isidro Filipino May 14, 1983
Kuyapo, Nueva Ecija
Disyembre 10, 1899
Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija
December 10, 1899
House where Apolinario Mabini was staying when he was captured by the Americans. Cuyapo Filipino 1964
Labanan sa San Isidro Battle of San Isidro Troops headed by Mariano Llanera and Pantaleon Valmonte to capture the then capital of Nueva Ecija on September 2, 1896. San Isidro Plaza, San Isidro Filipino 1995
Lazaro Francisco Personage Personage Distinguished novelist in the Filipino language who grew up in Cabanatuan. Lazaro Francisco Elementary School (West Cabanatuan Elementary School), Zulueta Road, Cabanatuan Filipino June 16, 1990
Lungsod ng Kabanatuan City of Cabanatuan Town originally part of Gapan. Became town on July 14, 1777. Became the capital of the Philippines on May 9, 1899, until it was moved to Tarlac. Cabanatuan Filipino July 14, 1966
Mamerto Natividad (1871–1897) Revolutionary lieutenant general of Central Luzon and spouse of Delfina Herbosa. Cabiao Filipino 2007, replaced 2017

Mariano Llanera (1855–1942) Leader of the revolutionary forces in Nueva Ecija, was exiled to Guam by American forces in 1901. Cabiao Filipino 2007
Memorare Commemorating the successful resistance of Filipino guerrillas against Japanese reinforcements during WWII. Cabanatuan American Memorial, Pangatian, Cabanatuan Filipino, English 2003
Nueva Ecija High School Buildings/

Structures

School First opened in San Isidro in 1902. Tomás Mapúa spearheaded the new school in 1921. Antonio Toledo added two wings in the thirties. Nueva Ecija High School, Cabanatuan Filipino September 8, 2022.[17]
Ang Pagkatatag ng Hukbalahap The Establishment of Hukbalahap Peasant revolt movement that was crucial against Japanese forces during WWII. Bagong Sikat Elementary School, Cabiao Filipino March 29, 2017
Paliparang Maniquis, P.A.A.C. Maniquis Airfield, P.A.A.C. Where the PAAC Advance School of Flying was relocated in 1941. Camp Tinio National High School, Brgy. Camp Tinio, Cabanatuan Filipino May 1, 1968
Pantabangan Dam Built as a dam for Pampanga River for electricity and irrigation. Pantabangan Filipino September 10, 1974
Penyaranda Became a separate municipality, 1851. Formerly part of Gapáng as Masipong. Peñaranda Filipino 1940
Pook Na Kinamatayan ni Doña Aurora Aragon Quezon Death place of Aurora Aragon Quezon Site Site Assassination site of Doña Aurora Aragon Quezon, Manuel Quezon's first lady, among others. Bongabon Filipino February 13, 1991
April 28, 2013 [rededicated after original plaque was found missing][1]
Rancho Caridad Caridad Ranch Site Ranch Remnant of Hacienda Esperanza. Site of Gallego Institute of Agriculture and Industry. Nampicuan Filipino, English June 15, 2013[18]
San Isidro Became capital of Nueva Ecija from 1852 – 1912 and capital of the Philippines on March 29, 1899, by Emilio Aguinaldo. San Isidro Municipal Hall, San Isidro Filipino 1970
San Isidro

Landas ng Pagkabansang Pilipino, 1899

Crispulo Sideco House Filipino April 5, 2024
Simbahan ng Penyaranda Church of Peñaranda Built in 1869 under Father Florentino Samonte, continued by Father Isidoro Prada. Peñaranda English 1951

Pampanga[edit]

This article lists seventy-two (72) markers from the province of Pampanga.

Marker title English Translation Category Type Description Location Language Date Issued Image
Arayat

Landas ng Pagkabansang Pilipino, 1899

Stopover of the Central Government of the First Philippine Republic on the way to San Isidro, Nueva Ecija. Arayat Municipal Plaza, Jose Abad Santos Avenue, Arayat, Pampanga Filipino April 11, 2024
Artillery Memorial Structure Memorial Housed the Philippine Army Artillery Training Center. Formerly Camp Dau, became Camp del Pilar. Dau, Mabalacat City Filipino March 10, 1996
Artillery Memorial[19] Housed the Philippine Army Artillery Training Center. Formerly Camp Dau, became Camp del Pilar. Mabalacat City Filipino May 11, 2017
Augusto P. Hizon House Declared as a heritage house by the NHCP. Augusto Hizon Ancestral House, Consunji St., San Fernando City English 2010
Aurelio V. Tolentino Playwright and novelist. Writer in Spanish, Tagalog, and Pampango. Guagua Filipino October 13, 1987
Aurelio Tolentino Revolutionary, playwright, novelist, and poet. One of those who signed the Declaration of Philippine Independence. Tolentino Monument, Municipal Plaza, Sen. Gil Puyat Ave., Guagua Filipino October 13, 2017
Bacolor
(1576–1976)
Founded by Augustine Friars in 1576 under the patronage of William the Hermit. Headquarters of Simon de Anda during the British invasion. Bacolor Filipino February 10, 1976
Ang Bahay na Sinilangan ni Pangulong Diosdado Macapagal House where President Diosdado Macapagal was Born Building House In this simple house was the place where the Fifth President of the Philippines was born. President Diosdado P. Macapagal Library and Museum, Lubao Old National Road, Barrio San Nicolas, Lubao Filipino 1952; February 20, 1990
Bahay ni Angel Pantaleon de Miranda House of Angel Pantaleon de Miranda Became a place of refuge for Aguinaldo's forces during the Filipino-American War 290 Calle Sto. Rosario, Angeles City Filipino December 7, 1986
Barasoain Church Replica[20] Expo Filipino, Clark, Mabalacat City
Benigno S. Aquino Jr.
"Ninoy"

(1923–1983)
Tarlac governor who became senator. A political opponent of Ferdinand Marcos. Pampanga Provincial Capitol grounds, San Fernando City Filipino 2009
Bienvenido M. Gonzalez (1893–1953) Distinguished scientist and the sixth president of the University of the Philippines. Apalit Filipino December 30, 1982

Church of Apalit Building House of Worship The church dates back to 1590. Former church of brick destroyed by the earthquake of 1863. Apalit Church façade, Apalit English 1939

Church of Lubao Building House of Worship Architect Fr. Antonio Herrera, Augustinian, constructed this church, 1614–1630. Lubao Church façade, Lubao English 1952

Church of Magalang Established by the Augustinians in 1605. Occupied by the Japanese on January 3, 1942. Magalang English
Clark Field
(Fort Stotsenburg)
Structure Military Camp Formerly a pati or Aeta community.Historical military camp established by the Americans. Clark Field, Angeles Filipino September 1, 2003
Dayrit House Declared as a heritage house by the NHCP. Dayrit-Cuyugan Ancestral House, MacArthur Highway, San Fernando City English January 8, 2004
Death March
April 1942
Site Site One of the ghastliest forced marches in history. Site of the railroad station where Filipino and American forces were inhumanely loaded. San Fernando Railroad Station, San Fernando City. Filipino and English 1956
Death Place of Roxas Site Site Manuel Roxas, first President of the Republic of the Philippines, died here on April 15, 1948. Clark Field, Angeles City English 1955
Diosdado Macapagal
(1910–1997)
Ninth president of the Philippines, native of Lubao, Pampanga. Shifted independence date from July 4 to June 12. Pampanga Provincial Capitol, San Fernando City Filipino 2009
Diosdado Macapagal
(1910–1997)
Ninth president of the Philippines. Known as the "poor boy from Lubao." Arayat Central Elementary School, Arayat, Pampanga English 2001
Diosdado P. Macapagal Ninth president of the Philippines. Was helped by the philanthropist Honorio Ventura. President Diosdado P. Macapagal Library and Museum, Lubao Old National Road, Barrio San Nicolas, Lubao English 1990
Diosdado P. Macapagal Ninth president of the Philippines. Known as the "poor boy from Lubao." Macapagal Monument, Lubao Central Elementary School, Purok 1–2 San Nicolas 1st Rd., Barrio San Nicolas, Lubao English 2001
Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University[21] First established as Colegio de Instruccion Primaria y Latinidad by Father Juan Zita and Felino Gil on November 4, 1861. Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University, MacArthur Highway, Bacolor Filipino 2014

Emilio Aguilar Cruz

(1915–1991)

Writer, editor, statesman, diplomat, and artist. Born on June 5, 1915. Emilio Aguilar Cruz (EAC) Museum, Abe's Farm, Magalang (original location: Magalang Town Plaza, Magalang) Filipino August 7, 1992; reunveiled on November 12, 2015[22]
Felipe Sonsong (1611–1686) Became part of Maniago revolt and was exiled to the Marianas until his death. Macabebe Filipino May 1, 2011
Felix Galura

1866–1919

Revolutionary and great Kapampangan writer. Headed the siege of Bacolor, to free the province from the Spaniards. Felix Galura Monument, Don Honorio Ventura St., Bacolor Filipino October 5, 2017
Guagua National Colleges First established on June 18, 1918, by Father Nicanor Banzali within the old convent of Guagua Church. Guagua National Colleges, Sta. Filomena Rd., Guagua Filipino February 24, 1993

Henson-Hizon House Declared as a heritage house by the NHCP. Henson-Hizon Ancestral House, V. Tiomico St., San Fernando City English October 25, 2003
Hizon-Singian House Declared as a heritage house by the NHCP. Hizon-Singian Ancestral House, Consunji St., San Fernando City English 2003
Honorio Ventura
(1887–1940)
Philanthropist and public servant, who became governor of Palawan from 1914 to 1921. Pampanga Capitol Grounds, San Fernando City Filipino 2009
Joaquin Gonzalez Became representative of Pampanga for the revolutionary congress. Apalit Filipino July 1982
José Abad Santos
(1886–1942)
Statesman who was martyred during World War II as he declined allegiance to the Japanese forces. San Fernando City English
José Abad Santos
(1886–1942)
Statesman who was martyred during World War II as he declined allegiance to the Japanese forces. José Abad Santos Monument, Gov. Macario Arnedo Park, Provincial Capitol Grounds, San Fernando City Filipino 2009
José Abad Santos
(1886–1942)
Statesman who was martyred during World War II as he declined allegiance to the Japanese forces. Heroes Hall, Lazatin Blvd., San Fernando City (currently within NHCP storage) Filipino 2004
José Abad Santos
1886 – 1942
Statesman who was martyred during World War II as he declined allegiance to the Japanese forces. Heroes Hall, Lazatin Blvd., San Fernando City Filipino 2017
Jose B. Lingad

1914 – 1980

Guerilla leader during WWII, assassinated during the Marcos dictatorship. Jose B. Lingad Park and Museum, Lubao Filipino November 24, 2021[23]
Juan Crisostomo Soto (Crissot) (1867–1918) Distinguished Pampango poet, dramatist, and newspaperman. Translated into Kapampangan Noli me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. Joined the Philippine Revolution and the Filipino-American War. Soto Monument, MacArthur Highway, Bacolor English 1961, 2012

Himpilang Daang-bakal ng San Fernando San Fernando Railroad Station Structure Train Station Built in 1892 as part of the Manila-Dagupan railroad line. Site where Filipino and American forces were loaded after the death march. San Fernando Railroad Station, San Fernando City Filipino April 9, 2004
Ang Kabataang Pinuno ng Macabebe[24] The Young Warrior of Macabebe Monument In honor of the Brave Youth of Macabebe, who died in the Battle of Bangkusay Channel on June 3, 1571. Tarik Monument, Macabebe Municipal Building, Macabebe Filipino June 3, 2016
Katedral ng San Fernando San Fernando Cathedral Buildings/

Structures

House of Worship First established by the Augustinians in 1755. San Fernando Cathedral, San Fernando City Filipino August 15, 2023
Labanan sa Macabebe[25] Battle of Macabebe Site of an Important Event Gen. Isidoro Torres attacked the Spaniards on June 25, 1898. The artillery was seized three days after. Macabebe Filipino June 25, 2013
Luis Taruc[26] Personage Monument Patriot and defender of the rights of farmers and workers, founder of Hukbalahap Luis Taruc Freedom Park, San Luis, Pampanga Filipino June 21, 2017
Lalawigan ng Pampanga Province of Pampanga Explored by Augustinian priests in 1571. Became a very progressive province during the Spanish regime. Pampanga Provincial Capitol, San Fernando City Filipino December 11, 1982
Lazatin House Declared as a heritage house by the NHCP. Lazatin Ancestral House, Consunji St., San Fernando City English October 25, 2003
Magalang Town established in 1605. Site of the 1660 battle between the forces of Andres Malong under the command of Melchore De Vera and Spanish troops. Magalang Public Plaza, Magalang English 1954
Mansyong Pamintuan Pamintuan Mansion In June 1899, became temporary headquarters of Emilio Aguinaldo while Tarlac was being set up as the capital of the republic. Pamintuan Ancestral House, Miranda St., cor Sto. Entiero St., Angeles City Filipino August 17, 2017

Ang Mansyon ng mga Pamintuan The Pamintuan Mansion Building NHCP Museum Became the headquarters of the revolutionary army and Emilio Aguinaldo. Pamintuan Ancestral House, Miranda St., Angeles City Filipino, English 2002

Matandang Tahanan ng mga Lacson Lacson Ancestral House Built in 1923. A house characterized by genuine Kapampangan artistic expression and skill. Magalang Filipino June 21, 1995
Maximino H. Hizon
(1870–1901)
General of the Philippine Revolution and the Filipino-American War. Exiled by the Americans to Guam. Pampanga Provincial Capitol, San Fernando City Filipino September 1, 2001
Monico R. Mercado Co-sponsored the bill instituting the first irrigation systems in the Philippines. Sasmuan English 1966
Nicolasa Dayrit-Panilio Joined the revolutionary forces and helped the sickly and wounded during the Filipino-American War. Henson-Hizon House, V. Tiomico St., San Fernando Filipino September 10, 2006
Paciano Dizon y Santos Hailed by the US president as the first Filipino Deputy Insular Auditor. Porac Filipino June 30, 1982

Pampanga High School Opened in 1908 in what is now Pampanga Hotel. Where Diosdado Macapagal finished secondary schooling in 1929. Pampanga High School, High School, Blvd., San Fernando (currently within NHCP storage) Filipino 2010
Pampanga High School Established in San Fernando in 1902. First batch of students finished in 1912. Pampanga High School, High School, Blvd., San Fernando Filipino August 14, 2018[27]
Pampanga Provincial Jail Designed by William E. Parsons in 1909. An example of provincial architecture during the American occupation. Pampanga Provincial Jail, Sta. Lucia Sto. Niño Viejo Rd., Capitol grounds, San Fernando Filipino 2009
Pampanga School of Arts and Trades (Formerly Escuale de Artes y Oficios de Bacolor) Founded in 1861. Became the capitol site of Pampanga from 1901 to 1904. Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University, MacArthur Highway, Bacolor English 1962 (buried by Lahar)
Pedro Abad Santos 1876–1945[28] Founded the Socialist Party of the Philippines in 1932 and became the vice president of the 1930 Communist Party of the Philippines from 1938 to 1942. Heroes Hall, Lazatin Blvd., San Fernando City Filipino 2010
Pisamban Maragul (Pisamban ning Angeles) The Large Church (Church of Angeles) Formerly a visita of San Fernando, the first chapel was built in 1812. Angeles City Kapampangan, Filipino August 17, 2017

Renato D. Tayag Author, lawyer, soldier, and sportsman. Fought in Bataan and was part of the death march. Angeles Library and Information Center, Sto. Entiero St., Angeles City Filipino October 9, 1986
Rufino J. Cardinal Santos (1908–1973) First Filipino cardinal. Founded Caritas Manila in 1953. Headed the reconstruction of Manila Cathedral from 1956 to 1958. Rufino Cardinal Santos Catholic Center, Guagua Filipino 2008

Santa Iglesia Religious fraternity established in Apalit that launched armed revolts against Spanish and American colonizers. San Fernando City Hall, San Fernando City Pampanga Filipino December 10, 2023[29]
San Fernando

Landas ng Pagkabansang Pilipino, 1899

Sites/ Events Site Where the Revolutionary government stayed en route from Malolos to San Isidro. Gen. Hizon Extension Filipino April 1, 2024
Ang Simbahan ng Santa Ana[30] The Church of Santa Ana Established by the Augustinians as a visita of Arayat on December 19, 1598.Became a garrison and torture place during World War II Santa Ana Church façade, Santa Ana Filipino October 22, 2013

Simbahan ng Guagua Guagua Church Church established by Augustinian priests in 1590. Stone church was built in 1661 under Father Jose Duque. Guagua Church façade, Guagua Filipino October 13, 1982
Simbahan ng Macabebe Macabebe Church Established by Augustinian priests in 1575, same year with the townhood. Became the headquarters of Comandancia General del Centro y Norte of the Spanish troops on June 16, 1898. Macabebe Filipino September 10, 2018
Tiburcio Hilario (1853–1903) Appointed by Emilio Aguinaldo as governor of Pampanga, June 1898 and as the representative of Iloilo to the Malolos Congress, September 15, 1898. Heroes Hall, Lazatin Blvd., San Fernando City Filipino 2009
Unang Pamahalaang Sibil First Civil Government Where the Commission of the Philippines under William Howard Taft established the first civil government in Pampanga, now celebrated as "Pampanga Day" on its anniversary on February 13. Bacolor Filipino February 13, 1978
Vicente S. Manansala

(1910–1981)

Distinguished painter and muralist. Awarded as a national artist posthumously. Macabebe Town Hall, Macabebe Filipino August 22, 1985

Vicente S. Manansala (1910–1981) Building House Famous painter and muralist. Awarded as a National Artist in 1981. Holy Angel University, Angeles City (original location: Manansala House, Binangonan, Rizal) Filipino January 22, 1984
Vivencio B. Cuyugan, Sr.[31] Structure Monument First socialist mayor of the Philippines. One of the founders of Hukbalahap. Cuyugan Ancestral House, Vivencio Cuyugan Rd., Brgy. del Pilar, San Fernando, Pampanga Filipino March 14, 2017
Zoilo J. Hilario y Sangalang
(1892–1963)
Poet and jurist. Poet laureate in the Spanish and Kapampangan languages. Pampanga Provincial Capitol, San Fernando City Filipino June 27, 1982

Tarlac[edit]

This article lists fourteen (15) markers from the province of Tarlac.

Marker title English Translation Category Type Description Location Language Date Issued Image
Ang Bahay ni Makabulos The House of Makabulos Where General Francisco Makabulos lived after serving in the Philippine Revolution and the Filipino-American War. La Paz Filipino January 23, 1972

Capas Concentration Camp Site Memorial In this camp, 40,000 Filipino soldiers and 9,000 American soldiers were imprisoned who experienced the Death March. Barangay O’Donnell, Capas Filipino 2002
Carlos P. Romulo
(1899–1985)
Famous diplomat, educator, writer, and journalist. First Asian president of the United Nations General Assembly in 1949. Camiling Town Plaza, Camiling Filipino September 25, 1987
Corazon C. Aquino (1933–2009) Eleventh and first woman president of the Philippines. Spouse of Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino. Corazon C. Aquino Monument, Tarlac City Filipino 2010

Death March
April 1942[32]
Railroad station were WWII prisoners of war were brought by the Japanese. Capas Filipino and English 1967
Francisco Makabulos (1871–1922) Revolutionary general and writer. In 1895, established the Katipunan forces in Tarlac. Tarlac Provincial Capitol, Tarlac City Filipino 2004

Francisco Makabulos (1871–1922) Personages Biographical marker Katipunero leader of the Cry of Tarlac, January 4, 1987. Makabulos Statue, La Paz Plaza, La Paz Filipino September 17, 2021
Jorge C. Bocobo Second President of the University of the Philippines. Translated Noli Me Tángere and El Filibusterismo into English. Gerona Filipino October 18, 1983
Jose Rizal (1861–1896)
Tarlak, Tarlak
Jose Rizal (1861–1896)
Tarlac, Tarlac
Where Rizal stayed in Tarlac. The house was owned by Captain Evaristo Puno. J.P. Rizal St., cor. Espinosa St., Tarlac City

original location: J.P. Rizal St., Tarlac City

Filipino July 2, 1960

relocated

November 7, 2019[4]

Kabisera ng Republika ng Pilipinas

Tarlac, Tarlac

Capital of the Republic of the Philippines

Tarlac, Tarlac

Became the office of the President during the Filipino-American War. College of Computer Studies Building, Tarlac State University, Tarlac City Filipino July 14, 2014[33]
Katedral ng Tarlac Buildings/

Structures

House of worship Established as a visita of Magalang, 1686. Tarlac Cathedral façade Filipino July 14, 2022
Memorare Dedicated to Filipino and American soldiers who suffered under the Death March. Capas Filipino April 7, 2000
Servillano Aquino

(1874–1959)

Personages Biographical marker Fought with Gen. Francisco Macabulos in liberating Tarlac from the Spaniards. Fought against the Americans in Caloocan, Pampanga, and Tarlac. Concepcion Filipino February 7, 2021
Ang Tahanan ng Pamilyang Aquino Aquino Family House Building House Three generations of the Aquinos lived here, including Benigno Aquino and Ninoy Aquino. Concepcion Filipino 2011
Tarlac Province established in 1686, one of the first eight provinces which revolted against Spain. Tarlac State University Flagpole, Romulo Boulevard cor. P. Zamora Avenue,Tarlac City Filipino July 21, 1975

Zambales[edit]

This article lists nine (9) markers from the province of Zambales.

Marker title English Translation Category Type Description Location Language Date Issued Image
Castillejos Originally the Pueblo de Uguic in 1743. A guerrilla unit was under the command of Ramon Magsaysay during WWII. Castillejos English 1955
City of Olongapo Subic Bay, Zambales became a U.S. naval station in 1901. Became a city on June 1, 1966, as approved by Ferdinand Marcos. Olongapo City Hall,Olongapo City English 1966
Himpilang Pandagat ng Look ng Subic[34] Subic Bay Naval Station Structure Military Structure A trading center even before the Spanish era. Became an American base until 1992 after the senate decided not to ratify the new Military Bases Agreement. Old Spanish Gate, Subic Bay Freeport Zone, Olongapo City Filipino November 26, 2013

Iba Founded 1611, birthplace of former president Ramon Magsaysay. Iba English 1956

Provincial Building of Zambales First constructed by the Spanish Civil Government from 1875 to 1878 Zambales Provincial Capitol, Iba English 1939

Ramon Magsaysay (1907–1957) Known as "The Guy," who became the president of the Philippines from 1953 to 1957. Iba Filipino March 17, 1989

San Antonio (Pamisaroan) Explored and settled by 1830 by Ilocanos from Paoay. The Spaniards surrendered to the Filipinos in June 1898 at Mount Annacangan. San Antonio English 1950
Tahanan ng mga Magsaysay House of the Magsaysays Building House, NHCP Museum House of Ramon Magsaysay, seventh President of the Philippines. Castillejos Filipino August 31, 2002
Teodoro R. Yangco (1861–1939) Philanthropist and businessman, became president of Young Men's Christian Organization. San Antonio Town Plaza, San Antonio Filipino November 5, 2005

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Footnotes[edit]

  1. ^ a b "National Historical Commission to unveil marker dedicated to Aurora Quezon". officialgazette.gov.ph. April 27, 2013.
  2. ^ "Ownership issues may cause relocation of Soc Rodrigo's historical marker". The Real A.C.T. Retrieved 2017-12-20.
  3. ^ "Rizal historical markers left to rot in Tarlac". ABS-CBN News. 2011-06-18. Archived from the original on 2023-09-18. Retrieved 2021-02-07.
  4. ^ a b Tarlac City Information Office (November 8, 2019). "#FridayDiariesofMayorCristy: Makasaysayan ang pagsisimula ng araw ng Biyernes sa lungsod ng Tarlac. Ito ay matapos bigyan ng wastong pagpupugay ang panandang pangkasaysayan ni Dr. Jose Rizal sa Tarlac City Plazuela. Pinangunahan ito ni Mayor Cristy Angeles kasama sina Vice Mayor Aro Mendoza, Dr. Rene Escalante, Tagapangulo ng Pambansang Komisyong Pangkasaysayan at Wilfredo Toldanes, Senior Tourism Operations Officer" (in Filipino). Retrieved 2021-02-07 – via Facebook.
  5. ^ "NHCP unveils historical marker of Pampanga's 'nameless youth hero'". Sun.Star Pampanga. 8 June 2016. p. 14. Retrieved 2017-12-20 – via PressReader.
  6. ^ Orejas, Tonette (September 13, 2017). "Freedom Day celebrated in church, not mansion". Inquirer.net. Retrieved 2017-12-20.
  7. ^ National Historical Institute Annual Report 1977 (Report). National Historical Institute. 1977.
  8. ^ "Facebook". www.facebook.com.
  9. ^ "National Historical Commission of the Phil. Annual Report 2015_v1.pdf". Google Docs. Retrieved 2018-01-22.
  10. ^ "NHCP unveils Pinagsimulan ng Death March historical marker". National Historical Commission of the Philipines. March 22, 2017.
  11. ^ National Historical Commission of the Philippines Annual Report 2019. National Historical Commission of the Philippines. 2019.
  12. ^ "NHCP unveils the Francisco Soc Rodrigo historical marker". National Historical Commission of the Philippines. Archived from the original on 2014-09-04. Retrieved 2014-09-04.
  13. ^ National Historical Commission Annual Report 1967-1968 (Report). National Historical Commission. 1968.
  14. ^ National Historical Commission of the Philippines (September 10, 2023). "NHCP Unveils the "Malolos: Landas ng Pagkabansang Pilipino 1898" Historical Marker". Retrieved 2023-09-18 – via Facebook.
  15. ^ "Unveiling the "Mariano V. Sevilla" historical marker". National Historical Commission of the Philippines.
  16. ^ "San Miguel Arcangel Parish". Retrieved 2018-05-03 – via Facebook.
  17. ^ City Government of Cabanatuan (September 8, 2022). "Tingnan: Mga kaganapan sa Unveiling of NHCP Historical Marker sa Nueva Ecija High School ngayong September 8, 2022 na dinaluhan ni Mayor Myca Elizabeth R. Vergara" (in Filipino). Retrieved 2022-11-27 – via Facebook.
  18. ^ "Rancho Caridad Historical Marker Program, June 15, 2013". Shooting the Breeze. June 16, 2013.
  19. ^ "Philippine Veterans Affairs Office". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 2017-09-01.
  20. ^ National Historical Institute Annual Report 1998. National Historical Institute. 1998.
  21. ^ "Unveiling the historical marker of Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University". National Historical Commission of the Philippines. Archived from the original on 2015-01-02. Retrieved 2015-01-02.
  22. ^ Regala, Franco G. (15 November 2015). "NHCP unveils historical marker as tribute to revered Capampangan scribe and artist". Manila Bulletin. p. 19. Retrieved 2018-03-09 – via PressReader.
  23. ^ "Unveiling of the Historical Marker and Opening of the Exhibit in Line with the 107th Birth Anniversary of Jose B. Lingad". National Historical Commission of the Philippines. 2021-11-24. Archived from the original on 2021-11-28. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
  24. ^ "NHCP Unveils the "Ang Kabataang Pinuno Ng Macabebe" Historical Marker". National Historical Commission of the Philipines. May 30, 2016.
  25. ^ PIA Gitnang Luzon (July 1, 2013). "NHCP unveils "Battle of Macabebe" marker". Retrieved 2018-03-19 – via Facebook.
  26. ^ Arcellaz, Princess Clea (June 23, 2017). "Luis Taruc's historical marker in San Luis town". SunStar Pampanga. Archived from the original on June 27, 2017. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  27. ^ "NHCP unveils Pampanga High School historical marker". National Historical Commission of the Philippines. 2018-08-15. Archived from the original on 2022-07-04. Retrieved 2018-09-08.
  28. ^ "Pedro Abad Santos". cityofsanfernando.gov.ph. Archived from the original on 2017-02-11. Retrieved 2017-02-09.
  29. ^ "Unveiling the "Santa Iglesia" historical marker". National Historical Commission of the Philippines.
  30. ^ "Pao Zapper on Facebook". Facebook. Archived from the original on 2022-04-30.[user-generated source]
  31. ^ Arcellaz, Princess Clea (2017-03-14). "NHCP honors PH's 'first' socialist mayor". SunStar Pampanga. Archived from the original on 2017-03-16. Retrieved 2017-03-16.
  32. ^ "Philippine History in Retrospect: The Bataan Death March Trail". Archived from the original on 2013-12-24. Retrieved 2014-08-31. The Bataan Death March Trail
  33. ^ "Tarlac, Kabisera – July 14, 2014". National Historical Commission of the Philippines. Archived from the original on 2014-09-04. Retrieved 2014-09-04.
  34. ^ "Subic Bay Historical Marker". subicbaynews.net. November 30, 2013. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved August 31, 2014.

Bibliography[edit]

External links[edit]