List of Category 2 Atlantic hurricanes

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hurricane Tammy on October 25, 2023.

Within the North Atlantic Ocean, a Category 2 hurricane is a tropical cyclone, that has 1-minute sustained wind speeds of between 83–95 knots (96–109 mph; 154–176 km/h; 43–49 m/s).[1] Since records began in 1851, a total of 246 tropical cyclones have peaked at this intensity.[2]

Background[edit]

Since HURDAT began in 1851, Atlantic hurricanes have been tracked. In 1971, the Saffir–Simpson scale was devised by two meteorologists. Category 2 was designed as the fourth-highest category on the scale.[2]

Systems[edit]

1850s[edit]

Name Duration Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Wind speed Pressure
Five October 6 – 11, 1852 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified The Caribbean, Mexico, Southeastern United States Extensive Unknown [3][4]
Eight October 19 – 22, 1853 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified Florida, Georgia Significant Unknown [4][5]
Four September 16 – 20, 1854 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified Texas $20,000 4 [6][7]
One August 6, 1855 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified Mexico Unknown Unknown [8]
Two August 10 – 11, 1855 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified None None None [9]
Two September 6 – 17, 1857 105 mph (165 km/h) 961 hPa (28.38 inHg) United States East Coast Unknown >424 [10][11]
Four September 24 – 30, 1857 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified The Caribbean, Mexico, Texas Unknown Unknown [12]
Three September 14 – 17, 1858 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified Florida, Northeastern United States Minor Unknown [13][14]
Six October 21 – 26, 1858 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified Bahamas, Bermuda Unknown Unknown [15]
One July 1, 1859 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified Mexico Unknown Unknown [16]
Two August 17 – 19, 1859 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified None None None [17]

1860s[edit]

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD)
Refs
Wind speed Pressure
Two August 24 – 26, 1860 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified None None None [18]
Four September 11 – 16, 1860 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified United States Gulf Coast >$1 million Unknown [19][20]
Six September 30 – October 3, 1860 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified Louisiana, Mississippi Severe >13 [20][21]
Seven October 20 – 24, 1860 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified None None None [22]
One July 6 – 12, 1861 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified Lesser Antilies Unknown Unknown [23]
Three August 25 – 30, 1861 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified None None None [24]
Two August 18 – 21, 1862 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified None None None [25]
Three September 12 – 20, 1862 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified None None None [26]
One August 8 – 9, 1863 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified None None None [27]
Two August 18 – 19, 1863 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified None None None [28]
Three August 19 – 23, 1863 105 mph (165 km/h) 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) United States East Coast, Nova Scotia Unknown 80 [11][29]
Four August 27 – 28, 1863 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified North Carolina Unknown Unknown [30]
Four September 6 – 14, 1865 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified The Caribbean, United States Gulf Coast Severe >325 [20][31][32]
Seven October 18 – 25, 1865 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified The Caribbean, Florida $300,000 1 [32][33]
One July 11 – 16, 1866 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified Louisiana, Texas Unknown Unknown [34]
Two August 13 – 18, 1866 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified Mexico Unknown Unknown [35]
Four September 22 – 24, 1866 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified Newfoundland Unknown 8 [36][37]
Two July 28 – August 3, 1867 105 mph (165 km/h) 969 hPa (28.61 inHg) United States East Coast Unknown 2 [11][38]
Three August 2, 1867 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified The Caribbean Unknown Unknown [39]
Six September 29 – October 1, 1867 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified None None None [40]
Seven October 2 – 9, 1867 105 mph (165 km/h) 969 hPa (28.61 inHg) Mexico, Texas, South Eastern United States >$1 million Many [7][11][41]
One September 3 – 7, 1868 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified None None 2 [42][43]
Three October 5 – 7, 1868 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified None None None [44]
Four October 15 – 17, 1868 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified None None None [45]
One August 12, 1869 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified None None None [46]
Two August 16 – 17, 1869 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified Texas Severe Unknown [7][47]
Seven September 11 – 18, 1869 105 mph (165 km/h) 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) None None None [48]
Ten October 4 – 5, 1869 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified Northeastern United States, New Brunswick Severe 37 [49]

1870s[edit]

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD)
Refs
Wind speed Pressure
Two August 30 – September 4, 1870 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified Nova Scotia Unknown Unknown [50]
Nine October 19 – 22, 1870 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified Cuba, South Eastern United States Severe >52 [11][51]
Ten October 23, 1870 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified Hispanlola Unknown Unknown [52]
Five August 30 – September 2, 1871 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified Atlantic Canada Unknown Unknown [53]
Two August 20 – September 1, 1872 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified Atlantic Canada Unknown Unknown [54]
Seven October 31 – November 4, 1874 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified Greater Antilles, Bahamas Extensive Unknown [55][56]
Five October 7 – 10, 1875 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified None None None [57]
Four September 29 – October 5, 1876 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified None Unknown Unknown [58]
Four August 25 – 30, 1878 105 mph (165 km/h) 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) The Bahamas Unknown Unknown [59]
Five September 1 – 13, 1878 105 mph (165 km/h) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) The Caribbean, Eastern United States Significant 9 [60][61]
Six September 12 – 18, 1878 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified None None None [62]
Eleven October 18 – 21, 1878 105 mph (165 km/h) 963 hPa (28.44 inHg) Cuba, Bahamas, United States East Coast 2 million 72 [2][63][64][65]
Two August 19 – 24, 1879 105 mph (165 km/h) 964 hPa (28.47 inHg) Yucatán Peninsula, Texas, Louisiana None Unknown [2][66]
Eight November 18 – 20, 1879 105 mph (165 km/h) 968 hPa (28.59 inHg) Canada Unknown Unknown [67]

1880s[edit]

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD)
Refs
Wind speed Pressure
Four August 24 – September 1, 1880 105 mph (165 km/h) 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) Florida, Mississippi 68 Unknown [2][68]
Five August 21 – 29, 1881 105 mph (165 km/h) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) Georgia, Mississippi 700 Severe [2][68][63]
Six September 7 – 11, 1881 105 mph (165 km/h) 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) United States East Coast 0 Unknown [2][69]
Four October 7 – 17, 1884 105 mph (165 km/h) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) Jamaica, Cuba, Bahamas, Turks and Caicos Islands 8 Unknown [2][70][71]
Two August 21 – 27, 1885 105 mph (165 km/h) 953 hPa (28.14 inHg) Bahamas, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Maryland 25 $1.8 million [2][69][65][63]
One June 13 – 15, 1886 100 mph (155 km/h) 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) Texas, Louisiana Unknown Unknown [2][72][73][74]
Two June 17 – 24, 1886 100 mph (155 km/h) Unknown Florida, Southeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic states 0 Severe [2][68][75][72]
Three June 27 – July 4, 1886 100 mph (155 km/h) 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) Florida, North Carolina, Maryland 18 Unknown [2][76][72]
Eight September 16 – 24, 1886 100 mph (155 km/h) 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) Cuba, Texas 0 Unknown [2][77][78][72]
Nine September 22 – 30, 1886 100 mph (155 km/h) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) None None None [2][72]
Four July 20 – 28, 1887 100 mph (155 km/h) 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) Cuba, Yucatán Peninsula, Florida, Georgia, Alabama 0 Extensive [2][79][72]
Eight September 1 – 4, 1887 105 mph (165 km/h) 963 hPa (28.44 inHg) United Kingdom None None [2][72]
Nine September 11 – 22, 1887 100 mph (155 km/h) 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) Yucatán Peninsula, Texas, Extreme Northeastern Mexico 14 Unknown [2][80][78]
Fifteen October 15 – 19, 1887 105 mph (165 km/h) 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) None None None [2]
Seven October 8 – 12, 1888 110 mph (175 km/h) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) United States East Coast 0 Unknown [2][81]
Nine November 17 – 25, 1888 100 mph (155 km/h) 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) None None None [2]
Four September 1 – 12, 1889 105 mph (165 km/h) 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) Puerto Rico, Virginia 40 Minimal [2][72]
Six September 12 – 25, 1889 110 mph (175 km/h) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) Yucatán Peninsula, Florida 0 Minor [2][72]

1890s[edit]

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD)
Refs
Wind speed Pressure
Four September 2 – 8, 1891 100 mph (155 km/h) Unknown New England, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland 0 Minor [2][82]
Five September 16 – 26, 1891 100 mph (155 km/h) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) Bermuda 0 Minimal [2][82]
Six September 29 – October 5, 1891 100 mph (155 km/h) 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) Nova Scotia, Newfoundland 0 None [2]
Three September 3 – 17, 1892 100 mph (155 km/h) Unknown None 0 None [2][83]
Five September 12 – 23, 1892 100 mph (155 km/h) Unknown Azores 0 Minor [2][83]
Seven October 5 – 16, 1892 100 mph (155 km/h) Unknown Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, Colombia, Nicaragua, Honduras, Mexico 0 Unknown [2][83]
Two July 4 – 7, 1893 100 mph (155 km/h) Unknown Nicaragua, Belize, Yucatán Peninsula, Tabasco Many Unknown [2][84][85][86]
Five August 15 – 19, 1893 100 mph (155 km/h) Unknown Sable Island, Newfoundland 0 Minor [2][84]
Seven August 20 – 29, 1893 100 mph (155 km/h) Unknown Azores 5 Unknown [2][87]
Eight September 4 – 9, 1893 100 mph (155 km/h) 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) Yucatán Peninsula, Louisiana, Alabama 0 Unknown [2][84]
Seven October 21 – 29, 1894 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) None 0 None [2]
Two August 22 – 30, 1895 110 mph (175 km/h) 963 hPa (28.44 inHg) Yucatán Peninsula, Texas 0 Minimal [2][88]
Five October 12 – 26, 1895 105 mph (165 km/h) 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) Cuba, Bahamas Unknown Unknown [2][88][89]
One July 4–9, 1896 100 mph (155 km/h) Unknown Cuba (questioned), United States East Coast, Canada, Greenland 1 $100 thousand [2][90][91][92][93]
Three September 18 – 28, 1896 100 mph (155 km/h) Unknown Cuba, North Carolina 0 Minimal [2][90]
Five October 7 – 13, 1896 100 mph (155 km/h) Unknown Florida, North Carolina, Virginia, New England 4 $500 thousand [2][90][94][95][96]
Six October 26 – November 9, 1896 100 mph (155 km/h) Unknown None 0 None [2][77]
One August 31 – September 9, 1897 100 mph (155 km/h) 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) None 45 None [2][97][98]
Four September 5 – 19, 1898 110 mph (175 km/h) 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) Lesser Antilles, Windward Islands 383 $2.5 million [2][99]
Two July 28 – August 2, 1899 100 mph (155 km/h) 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) Dominican Republic, Bahamas, Florida, Alabama 7 >$1 million [2][100][101]
Four August 29 – September 5, 1899 105 mph (165 km/h) Unknown Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Haiti, Bermuda 0 Unknown [2][102]
Nine October 26 – 31, 1899 110 mph (175 km/h) 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) Cuba, Bahamas, Jamaica, North Carolina 1+ $200 thousand .[2][103][104]

1900s[edit]

Name Duration Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Wind speed Pressure
Three September 8 – 23, 1900 100 mph (155 km/h) Not Specified None None None [105]
Seven August 29 – September 10, 1901 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified Cape Verde Unknown Unknown [106][107]
Three September 16 – 22, 1902 100 mph (155 km/h) Not Specified None None None [108]
Four October 3 – 11, 1902 105 mph (165 km/h) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) Mexico, Southeastern United States Unknown Unknown [109][110]
Four September 12 – 17, 1903 100 mph (155 km/h) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) United States East Coast $9 million 57 [111][112]
Six September 26 – 30, 1903 110 mph (175 km/h) 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) Bermuda Severe 2 [113][114]
Seven October 1 – 9, 1903 100 mph (155 km/h) Not Specified None None None [115]
Two June 14 – 23, 1906 105 mph (165 km/h) 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) Cuba, Florida 0 Minor [2][116]
One March 6 – 9, 1908 100 mph (155 km/h) 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin, Saint Kitts 0 Moderate [2][117][118]
Eight September 21 – October 7, 1908 110 mph (175 km/h) 971 hPa (28.67 inHg) The Caribbean, The Bahamas Unknown Unknown [119][120]
Nine October 14 – 19, 1908 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified Nicaragua Unknown 2 [121][122]
Two June 25 – 30, 1909 100 mph (155 km/h) 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) Texas, Mexico $1.3 million None [77][123]
Twelve November 8 – 14, 1909 105 mph (165 km/h) Unknown Greater Antilles $10 million 198 [124][125]

1910s[edit]

Name Duration Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Wind speed Pressure
Three September 5 – 15, 1910 110 mph (175 km/h) Not Specified Puerto Rico, Texas, Louisiana Unknown Unknown [126][127]
Four September 24 – 27, 1910 100 mph (155 km/h) Not Specified None None None [128]
Three August 23 – 30, 1911 100 mph (155 km/h) 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) Georgia, South Carolina $27.4 million 17 [129][130]
Four September 3 – 12, 1911 100 mph (155 km/h) Not Specified Colombia, Nicaragua $2 million 10 [131][132]
Six October 11 – 18, 1912 100 mph (155 km/h) Not Specified Yucatán Peninsula, Texas $28,000 42 [133][134]
Four August 31 – September 6, 1915 100 mph (155 km/h) 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) Cuba, Eastern United States >$100,000 25 [135][136][137]
Three July 10 – 22, 1916 105 mph (165 km/h) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) Massachusetts, Nova Scotia Unknown Unknown [138][139]
Seven August 21 – 26, 1916 110 mph (175 km/h) Not Specified Greater Antiles, Florida $1 million 1 [140][141]
Fourteen October 9 – 19, 1916 110 mph (175 km/h) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) Yucatán Peninsula, Florida, Alabama $100,000 69 [142][143]
Two August 22 – 26, 1918 105 mph (165 km/h) 968 hPa (28.59 inHg) Honduras, Belize Minor None [77][144]
Five September 2 – 6, 1918 110 mph (175 km/h) Not Specified Bermuda Minor 21 [145][146]
Three September 2 – 5, 1919 100 mph (155 km/h) Not Specified None None None [147]
One September 7 – 14, 1920 110 mph (175 km/h) Not Specified None None None [148]
Two September 16 – 23, 1920 100 mph (155 km/h) 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) Central America, Louisiana, Arkansas $1.45 million 1 [20][149]

1920s[edit]

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD)
Refs
Wind speed Pressure
Four October 11 – 22, 1922 110 mph (175 km/h) 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) Colombia, Yucatán Peninsula, Tabasco 0 Unknown [2][150][151]
Two September 1 – 9, 1923 105 mph (165 km/h) 989 hPa (29.21 inHg) None 0 None [2][77]
Four August 26 – September 3, 1924 110 mph (175 km/h) 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) Guadeloupe, Montserrat, Anguilla, Saint Thomas, Leeward Islands 89 Heavy [2][152][153][154]
Five September 10 – 14, 1926 105 mph (165 km/h) 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) None 0 None [2][155]
Eight September 21 – October 1, 1926 105 mph (165 km/h) 978 hPa (28.88 inHg) Azores 0 Minor [2][155]
Four September 23 – 28, 1927 110 mph (175 km/h) 967 hPa (28.56 inHg) None 0 None [2][77]
One August 3 – 10, 1928 105 mph (165 km/h) 971 hPa (28.67 inHg) Bahamas, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina 2 $235 thousand [2][77][156][157]

1930s[edit]

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD)
Refs
Wind speed Pressure
Seven September 8 – 16, 1931 100 mph (155 km/h) 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Belize, Yucatán Peninsula, Veracruz 2 Moderate [2][77][158][159]
Fifteen November 3 – 10, 1932 100 mph (155 km/h) 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) Azores 0 Unknown [2][160]
Two June 24 – July 8, 1933 110 mph (175 km/h) 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) Trinidad, Venezuela, Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Tamaulipas 35 $7.5 million [2][161][162]
Thirteen September 10 – 15, 1933 110 mph (175 km/h) 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) Guatemala, Belize, Quintana Roo, Yucatán Peninsula, Tampico 67 Millions [2][163][164]
One June 4 – 18, 1934 100 mph (155 km/h) 966 hPa (28.53 inHg) Belize, Guatemala, Chiapas, Yucatán Peninsula, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee >1,000 $4.4 million .[2][165][166][167]
Seven September 3 – 7, 1934 105 mph (165 km/h) 967 hPa (28.56 inHg) United States East Coast 8 $10 thousand [2][165][168][169]
Ten October 1 – 4, 1934 100 mph (155 km/h) 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) None 0 None [2][165]
Seven October 30 – November 8, 1935 105 mph (165 km/h) 964 hPa (28.47 inHg) The Bahamas, Florida 19 $5.5 million [2][170][171]
Five July 27 – August 1, 1936 105 mph (165 km/h) 964 hPa (28.47 inHg) Bahamas, Florida, Alabama 4 $200 thousand [2][172]
Ten August 25 – September 5, 1936 110 mph (175 km/h) 959 hPa (28.32 inHg) None 0 None [2][173]
Fifteen September 18 – 25, 1936 105 mph (165 km/h) 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) Nova Scotia 0 None [2][174]
Four September 9 – 14, 1937 100 mph (155 km/h) 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) Nova Scotia, Canada 0 $1.5 million [2][77][175]
Eight September 20 – 26, 1937 100 mph (155 km/h) 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) None 0 None [2][77][176]

1940s[edit]

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD)
Refs
Wind speed Pressure
Two August 3 – 10, 1940 100 mph (155 km/h) 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas 7 $10.75 million [2][177][178]
Three August 5 – 14, 1940 100 mph (155 km/h) 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) South Carolina, Mid-Atlantic states 52 $13 million [2][179][77][180]
Four August 26 – September 2, 1940 110 mph (175 km/h) 961 hPa (28.38 inHg) North Carolina, New England, Nova Scotia, Quebec 7 $4.05 million [2][77][181]
Five September 7 – 17, 1940 100 mph (155 km/h) 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) Nova Scotia, Newfoundland 3 $1.49 million [2][77][182]
Seven September 22 – 28, 1940 100 mph (155 km/h) 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) Azores 0 None [2][183]
Four August 25 – September 3, 1942 110 mph (175 km/h) Unknown None 0 None [2][77]
Eleven November 5 – 11, 1942 110 mph (175 km/h) 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) Cuba, Belize, Mexico 9 $9 million [2][77][184]
One July 25 – 30, 1943 105 mph (165 km/h) 967 hPa (28.56 inHg) Texas, Louisiana 19 $17 million [2][185][186][187]
Six September 15 – 20, 1943 100 mph (155 km/h) Unknown United States Gulf Coast 0 $419 thousand [2][186]
Nine October 11 – 17, 1943 110 mph (175 km/h) Unknown Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Bermuda 0 $300 thousand [2][186][77][188]
Nine September 21 – 26, 1944 100 mph (155 km/h) Unknown None 0 None [2][77]
One June 20 – 27, 1945 100 mph (155 km/h) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) United States East Coast 1 $750 thousand [2][189][190][191]
Eleven October 10 – 13, 1945 100 mph (155 km/h) 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) Greater Antilles, Bahamas 5 $2 million [2][192][77]
Four September 12 – 15, 1946 100 mph (155 km/h) 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) Bahamas, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland 0 None [2][77][193]
Six October 5 – 9, 1946 100 mph (155 km/h) 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) Cuba, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina 5 $5.2 million [2][77][194][195]
Charlie August 9 – 16, 1947 110 mph (175 km/h) 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) Quintana Roo, Tamaulipas 48 Unknown [2][196][197]
King October 8 – 16, 1947 105 mph (165 km/h) 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) Honduras, Florida, Alabama 1 $3.26 million [2][198][199]
One August 21 – 25, 1949 110 mph (175 km/h) 974 hPa (28.76 inHg) North Carolina 2 $50 thousand [2][200][201]
Eleven September 27 – October 6, 1949 110 mph (175 km/h) 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) Guatemala, Campeche, Texas 2 $6.7 million [2][78][202]

1950s[edit]

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD)
Refs
Wind speed Pressure
Baker August 18 – September 1, 1950 105 mph (165 km/h) 978 hPa (28.88 inHg) Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Cuba, United States Gulf Coast 38 $2.5 million [2][203][204]
Charlie August 21 – September 5, 1950 110 mph (175 km/h) 974 hPa (28.76 inHg) None 0 None [2][204]
George September 27 – October 5, 1950 110 mph (175 km/h) 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) Iceland 0 None [2][204][205][206]
Item October 8 – 11, 1950 105 mph (165 km/h) 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) Yucatán Peninsula, Western Mexico 0 $1.5 million [2][204][207][208]
How September 29 – October 5, 1951 100 mph (155 km/h) 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) Florida, Iceland 17 $2 million [2][209][210]
Able August 18 – September 3, 1952 100 mph (155 km/h) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland 3 $21.7 million [2][211][212]
Baker August 31 – September 8, 1952 110 mph (175 km/h) 969 hPa (28.61 inHg) None 0 None [2][211][213]
Easy October 6 – 11, 1952 105 mph (165 km/h) 968 hPa (28.59 inHg) None 0 None [2][211]
Alice June 24 – 27, 1954 110 mph (175 km/h) 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) Mexico 56 $2 million [2][214][215]
Thirteen September 25 – October 6, 1954 100 mph (155 km/h) 964 hPa (28.47 inHg) None 0 None [2][216]
Diane August 7 – 20, 1955 105 mph (165 km/h) 969 hPa (28.61 inHg) North Carolina, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, New England 184 $754.7 million [2][217][218]
Edith August 21 – 31, 1955 105 mph (165 km/h) 967 hPa (28.56 inHg) None 0 None [2][219][220]
Flora September 2 – 9, 1955 105 mph (165 km/h) 967 hPa (28.56 inHg) None 0 None [221]
Katie October 14 – 19, 1955 110 mph (175 km/h) 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) Central America, Dominican Republic, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Bahamas, Dominica 7 $200 thousand [2][222][223]
Greta October 31 – November 6, 1956 100 mph (155 km/h) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) Cuba, Bahamas, Florida, Guadeloupe 1 $3.58 million [2][224]
Ella August 30 – September 6, 1958 110 mph (175 km/h) 983 hPa (29.03 inHg) Haiti, Dominican Republic, Cuba, Louisiana, Texas 37 >$100 thousand [2][225][226]
Ilsa September 24 – 30, 1958 110 mph (175 km/h) 956 hPa (28.23 inHg) Bermuda 0 None [2][225][227][228]
Janice October 4 – 11, 1958 100 mph (155 km/h) 968 hPa (28.59 inHg) Jamaica, Cuba, Bahamas 9 $200 thousand [2][225][229]

1960s[edit]

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD)
Refs
Wind speed Pressure
Anna July 20 – 24, 1961 105 mph (165 km/h) 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) Windward Islands, Colombia, Venezuela, Central America, Jamaica 1 $300 thousand [2][230][231][232]
Daisy September 29 – October 7, 1962 105 mph (165 km/h) 963 hPa (28.44 inHg) Leeward Islands, Bermuda, New England, Atlantic Canada 32 $1.1 million [2][233][234]
Ella October 14 – 22, 1962 110 mph (175 km/h) 958 hPa (28.29 inHg) Cuba, United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada 2 Unknown [2][235][236][237]
Edith September 23 – 29, 1963 100 mph (155 km/h) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Turks and Caicos Islands, Bahamas 10 $46.6 million [2][238][239][240]
Ginny October 17 – 29, 1963 110 mph (175 km/h) 948 hPa (27.99 inHg) Hispaniola, Turks and Caicos Islands, The Bahamas, United States East Coast, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland 5 $500 thousand [2][241][242][243]
Ethel September 4 – 14, 1964 105 mph (165 km/h) 974 hPa (28.76 inHg) Bermuda 0 Minimal [2][244][245]
Anna August 21 – 25, 1965 105 mph (165 km/h) 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) None 0 None [2][246]
Elena October 12 – 19, 1965 110 mph (175 km/h) 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) None 0 None [246]
Chloe September 5 – 21, 1967 110 mph (175 km/h) 958 hPa (28.29 inHg) Cape Verde, Spain, France 14 Unknown [2][247]
Kara October 7 – 18, 1969 105 mph (165 km/h) 978 hPa (28.88 inHg) North Carolina 0 None [2][248]
Laurie October 17 – 27, 1969 105 mph (165 km/h) 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) Mexico 0 Minor [2][248][249]

1970s[edit]

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD)
Refs
Wind speed Pressure
Eighteen October 12 – 17, 1970 105 mph (165 km/h) 974 hPa (28.76 inHg) Bermuda, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland 0 Unknown [2][250][251][252]
Ginger September 6 – October 3, 1971 110 mph (175 km/h) 959 hPa (28.32 inHg) Bahamas, North Carolina 1 $10 million [2][253][254][255]
Betty August 22 – September 1, 1972 105 mph (165 km/h) 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) None 0 None [2][256]
Fifi September 14 – 22, 1974 110 mph (175 km/h) 971 hPa (28.67 inHg) Hispaniola, Jamaica, Mexico, Central America 8,210 $1.8 billion [2][257][258][259][260]
Doris August 28 – September 4, 1975 110 mph (175 km/h) 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) None 0 None [2][261]
Faye September 18 – 29, 1975 105 mph (165 km/h) 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) Bermuda 0 Minimal [2][261][262]
Emmy August 20 – September 4, 1976 105 mph (165 km/h) 974 hPa (28.76 inHg) Lesser Antilles, Azores 68 Minimal [2][263]
Gloria September 26 – October 4, 1976 105 mph (165 km/h) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) None 0 None [2][264]
Flossie September 4 – 15, 1978 100 mph (155 km/h) 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) None 0 None [2][265]
Gloria September 4 – 15, 1979 100 mph (155 km/h) 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) None 0 None [2][266]

1980s[edit]

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD)
Refs
Wind speed Pressure
Bonnie August 14 – 19, 1980 100 mph (155 km/h) 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) None 0 None [2][267][268]
Ivan October 4 – 11, 1980 105 mph (165 km/h) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) None 0 None [2][269][270]
Jeanne November 8 – 16, 1980 100 mph (155 km/h) 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) Florida, Gulf of Mexico, United States Gulf Coast 0 Minimal [2][271]
Gert September 7 – 15, 1981 105 mph (165 km/h) 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) Puerto Rico 0 None [2][272][273]
Josephine October 7 – 18, 1984 105 mph (165 km/h) 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) United States East Coast 1 Minor [2][274][275]
Earl September 10 – 18, 1986 105 mph (165 km/h) 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) None 0 None [2][276]
Dean July 31 – August 9, 1989 105 mph (165 km/h) 968 hPa (28.59 inHg) Leeward Islands, Bermuda, North Carolina, Newfoundland 0 $8.9 million [2][277][278]
Erin August 18 – 27, 1989 105 mph (165 km/h) 968 hPa (28.59 inHg) Cape Verde 0 None [2][279]

1990s[edit]

Name Duration Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Wind speed Pressure
Diana August 4 – 9, 1990 100 mph (155 km/h) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) Central America Extensive 139 [280]
Isidore September 4 – 17, 1990 100 mph (155 km/h) 978 hPa (28.88 inHg) None None None [280]
Grace October 25 – 29, 1991 105 mph (165 km/h) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) None None None [281]
Bonnie September 17 – 30, 1992 110 mph (175 km/h) 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) Azores Minimal 1 [282]
Charley September 21 – 27, 1992 110 mph (175 km/h) 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) Azores None None [282]
Gert September 14 – 21, 1993 100 mph (155 km/h) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) Central America >$166 million 76 [283]
Florence November 2 – 8, 1994 110 mph (175 km/h) 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) None None None [284]
Erin July 31 – August 6, 1995 100 mph (155 km/h) 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) Florida, Mid-Atlantic States, New England 13 $700 million [285]
Humberto August 21 – September 1, 1995 110 mph (175 km/h) 968 hPa (28.59 inHg) None None None [285]
Iris August 22 – September 4, 1995 110 mph (175 km/h) 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) Antigua, Montserrat, Barbuda 5 Unknown [285][286]
Danielle August 24 – September 3, 1998 105 mph (165 km/h) 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) Puerto Rico, United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada, United Kingdom $50 million None [287][288]
Earl August 31 – September 3, 1998 100 mph (155 km/h) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) Mexico, Florida $79 million 3 [287]
Jeanne September 21 – October 1, 1998 105 mph (165 km/h) 969 hPa (28.61 inHg) None None None [287]
Karl September 23 – 28, 1998 105 mph (165 km/h) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) None None None [287]
Dennis August 24 – September 7, 1999 105 mph (165 km/h) 962 hPa (28.41 inHg) The Bahamas, United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada $157 million 4 [289]
Irene October 12 – 19, 1999 110 mph (175 km/h) 958 hPa (28.29 inHg) Cuba, Southeastern United States $800 million 18 [289]
Jose October 17 – 25, 1999 100 mph (155 km/h) 979 hPa (28.91 inHg) Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico <$5 million 2 [289]

2000s[edit]

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD)
Refs
Wind speed Pressure
Michael October 15 – 20, 2000 100 mph (155 km/h) 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) Bermuda, United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada Minimal None [290]
Humberto September 21 – 27, 2001 105 mph (165 km/h) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) None None None [291]
Gustav September 8 – 12, 2002 100 mph (155 km/h) 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) North Carolina, Virginia, New Jersey $340,000 4 [292][293]
Juan September 24 – 29, 2003 110 mph (175 km/h) 969 hPa (28.61 inHg) Canada $200 million 8 [294]
Danielle August 13 – 21, 2004 110 mph (175 km/h) 964 hPa (28.47 inHg) Cape Verde None None [295]
Irene August 4 – 18, 2005 105 mph (165 km/h) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) United States East Coast None 1 [296]
Dolly July 20 – 27, 2008 100 mph (155 km/h) 963 hPa (28.44 inHg) Guatemala, Mexico, South Central United States $1.6 billion 26 [297][298][299]
Ida November 1 – 10, 2009 105 mph (165 km/h) 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) Nicaragua, Yucatán Peninsula, Cuba, Southeastern United States $11.4 million 4 [300][301][302]

2010s[edit]

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD)
Refs
Wind speed Pressure
Alex June 25 – July 2, 2010 110 mph (175 km/h) 946 hPa (27.94 inHg) Greater Antilles, Belize, Mexico, Texas 1.52 billion 52 [303]
Paula October 11 – 15, 2010 105 mph (165 km/h) 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) Nicaragua, Honduras, Mexico
Cuba, Bahamas, Florida
Unknown 1 [303]
Richard October 20 – 26, 2010 100 mph (155 km/h) 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) Honduras, Belize, Guatemala, Mexico $80 million 2 [303]
Tomas October 29 – November 7, 2010 100 mph (155 km/h) 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) Windward Islands, Leeward Antilles
Greater Antilles, Lucayan Archipelago
$463 million 51 [303]
Ernesto August 1 – 10, 2012 100 mph (155 km/h) 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) Windward Islands, Jamaica, Central America, Mexico 252 million 12 [304]
Gordon August 15 – 20, 2012 110 mph (175 km/h) 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) Azores None None [305]
Kirk August 28 – September 4, 2012 105 mph (165 km/h) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) None None None [306]
Arthur July 1 – 5, 2014 100 mph (155 km/h) 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) Bahamas, North Carolina, Nova Scotia $28.6 million 1 [307]
Gert August 12 – 17, 2017 110 mph (175 km/h) 962 hPa (28.41 inHg) Bermuda, United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada Unknown 2 [308]
Katia September 5 – 9, 2017 105 mph (165 km/h) 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) Mexico $3.26 million 3 [309]
Chris July 6 – 12, 2018 105 mph (165 km/h) 969 hPa (28.61 inHg) Bermuda, Iceland Minimal 1 [310]
Helene September 7 – 16, 2018 110 mph (175 km/h) 967 hPa (28.56 inHg) West Africa, Cape Verde, Azores Minimal 3 [311]
Oscar October 26 – 31, 2018 110 mph (175 km/h) 966 hPa (28.53 inHg) Faroe Islands None None [312]
Jerry September 17 – 24, 2019 105 mph (165 km/h) 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) None None None [313]

2020s[edit]

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD)
Refs
Wind speed Pressure
Paulette September 7 – 22, 2020 105 mph (165 km/h) 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) Bermuda 1 $50 million [314]
Sally September 11 – 17, 2020 110 mph (175 km/h) 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) The Bahamas, Cuba, United States Gulf Coast 8 $7.3 billion [315]
Earl September 2 – 10, 2022 110 mph (175 km/h) 948 hPa (27.99 inHg) Puerto Rico, Bermuda 2 Minimal [316]
Nigel September 15 – 22, 2023 100 mph (155 km/h) 971 hPa (28.67 inHg) None None None
Tammy October 18 – 29, 2023 105 mph (165 km/h) 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) Leeward Islands None Unknown

Other systems[edit]

The 1842 Spain hurricane on October 26, reached a possible, but HURDAT-unverified, Category 2 intensity.[317]

In May 1863, Hurricane "Amanda" wreaked havoc in the Southeast United States. Its intensity was equivalent to Category 2.[318]


Michael Chenoweth[edit]

A climate researcher: Michael Chenoweth has suggested that the following systems were Category 2 hurricanes on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale:

Name Duration Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Wind speed Pressure
Unnamed September 25 - 28, 1852 105 mph (165 km/h) Not Specified None None None [319]
Unnamed November 13 - 28, 1853 105 mph (165 km/h) 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) The Bahamas Unknown Unknown [320]
Unnamed October 13 - 27, 1854 105 mph (165 km/h) 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) Texas, Mexico Unknown Unknown [321]
Eight October 24 – 29, 1859 100 mph (155 km/h) 989 hPa (29.21 inHg) Mexico, Florida Unknown Unknown [322]
Unnamed September 24 - October 2, 1876 110 mph (175 km/h) 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) The Caribbean Unknown Unknown [323]

Climatology[edit]

Category 2 hurricanes by month
Month Number of storms
January
0
February
0
March
1
April
0
May
0
June
10
July
18
August
66
September
88
October
55
November
8
December
0
Category 2 hurricanes by decade
Decade Number of storms
1850s
11
1860s
28
1870s
14
1880s
18
1890s
22
1900s
13
1910s
11
1920s
9
1930s
13
1940s
19
1950s
18
1960s
11
1970s
8
1980s
8
1990s
17
2000s
8
2010s
14
2020s
5

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Schott, Timothy; Landsea, Christopher W; Hafale, Gene; Lorens, Jeffrey; Taylor, Arthur; Thurm, Harvey; Ward, Bill; Willis, Mark; Zaleski, Walt (February 1, 2012). The Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. April 5, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2024. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  3. ^ "1852 Hurricane Not Named (1852278N14293)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  4. ^ a b Sandrik, Al; Landsea, Christopher W (2003). Chronological Listing of Tropical Cyclones affecting North Florida and Coastal Georgia 1565–1899 (Report). United States Hurricane Research Division. Archived from the original on 24 June 2008. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  5. ^ "1853 Hurricane Not Named (1853291N32280)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  6. ^ "1855 Hurricane Not Named (1854259N24266)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  7. ^ a b c Roth, David M (January 17, 2010). Texas Hurricane History (PDF) (Report). United States National Weather Service. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
  8. ^ "1855 Hurricane Not Named (1855219N22262)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  9. ^ "1855 Hurricane Not Named (1855222N44318)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  10. ^ "1857 Hurricane Not Named (1857249N27286)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  11. ^ a b c d e Rappaport, Edward N; Fernández-Partagás, Jose J (January 1995). NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS NHC-47: The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492–1994 (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
  12. ^ "1857 Hurricane Not Named (1857267N16305)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  13. ^ "1858 Hurricane Not Named (1858291N21287)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  14. ^ Cotterly, Wayne (1996). Hurricanes & Tropical Storms: Their Impact on Maine and Androscoggin County (PDF) (Report). Portland Emergency Management Agency. p. 44. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 1, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2022.
  15. ^ "1858 Hurricane Not Named (1858291N21287)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  16. ^ "1859 Hurricane Not Named (1859183N22263)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  17. ^ "1859 Hurricane Not Named (1859224N28287)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  18. ^ "1860 Hurricane Not Named (1860237N28283)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  19. ^ "1860 Hurricane Not Named (1860252N18284)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  20. ^ a b c d Roth, David M (April 8, 2010). Louisiana Hurricane History (PDF) (Report). Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
  21. ^ "1860 Hurricane Not Named (1860269N20266)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  22. ^ "1860 Hurricane Not Named (1860289N14290)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  23. ^ "1861 Hurricane Not Named (1861185N15303)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  24. ^ "1861 Hurricane Not Named (1861237N35296)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  25. ^ "1862 Hurricane Not Named (1862229N24294)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  26. ^ "1862 Hurricane Not Named (1862251N15325)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  27. ^ "1863 Hurricane Not Named (1863220N38309)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  28. ^ "1863 Hurricane Not Named (1863230N39302)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  29. ^ "1863 Hurricane Not Named (1863231N27293)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  30. ^ "1863 Hurricane Not Named (1863239N31281)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  31. ^ "1865 Hurricane Not Named (1865247N13318)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  32. ^ a b Fernández-Partagás, Jose J; Diaz, Henry F (1995). "1865". A Reconstruction of Historical Tropical Cyclone Frequency in the Atlantic from Documentary and other Historical Sources 1851-1880 Part 1: 1851-1870 (PDF). United States Climate Diagnostics Center. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
  33. ^ "1865 Hurricane Not Named (1865247N13318)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  34. ^ "1866 Hurricane Not Named (1866193N27271)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  35. ^ "1866 Hurricane Not Named (1866193N27271)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  36. ^ "1866 Hurricane Not Named (1866193N27271)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  37. ^ "Marine Disaster – A Baltimore Bound Emigrant Ship has Eight Persons Washed Overboard". Baltimore Sun. October 4, 1866.
  38. ^ "1867 Hurricane Not Named (1867209N18303)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 17, 2022.
  39. ^ "1867 Hurricane Not Named (1867215N14283)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 17, 2022.
  40. ^ "1867 Hurricane Not Named (1867242N12333)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 17, 2022.
  41. ^ "1867 Major Hurricane Not Named (1867268N18278)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  42. ^ "1868 Hurricane Not Named (1868240N16327)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  43. ^ Fernández-Partagás, Jose J; Diaz, Henry F (1995). "1868". A Reconstruction of Historical Tropical Cyclone Frequency in the Atlantic from Documentary and other Historical Sources 1851-1880 Part 1: 1851-1870 (PDF). United States Climate Diagnostics Center. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
  44. ^ "1868 Hurricane Not Named (1868278N14280)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  45. ^ "1868 Hurricane Not Named (1868289N26287)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  46. ^ "1869 Hurricane Not Named (1869224N41313)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  47. ^ "1869 Hurricane Not Named (1869226N20276)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  48. ^ "1869 Major Hurricane Not Named (1869253N10328)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  49. ^ "1869 Hurricane Not Named (1869270N18308)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  50. ^ "1870 Hurricane Not Named (1870238N14310)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  51. ^ "1870 Hurricane Not Named (1870290N15279)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  52. ^ "1870 Hurricane Not Named (1870296N20288)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  53. ^ "1871 Hurricane Not Named (1871239N24298)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  54. ^ "1872 Hurricane Not Named (1871239N24298)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  55. ^ "1874 Hurricane Not Named (1874304N14283)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  56. ^ Fernández-Partagás, Jose J; Diaz, Henry F (1995). "1874". A Reconstruction of Historical Tropical Cyclone Frequency in the Atlantic from Documentary and other Historical Sources 1851-1880 Part II: 1871-1880 (PDF). United States Climate Diagnostics Center. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
  57. ^ "1875 Hurricane Not Named (1875280N24292)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  58. ^ "1876 Hurricane Not Named (1876273N14301)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  59. ^ "1878 Hurricane Not Named (1878237N25283)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  60. ^ "1878 Hurricane Not Named (1878244N09306)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  61. ^ Al Sandrik & Chris Landsea (2003). "Chronological Listing of Tropical Cyclones affecting North Florida and Coastal Georgia 1565-1899". Hurricane Research Division. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
  62. ^ "1875 Hurricane Not Named (1878253N14324)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  63. ^ a b c Rappaport, Edward N & Jose Fernandez-Partagas (1996). "The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492–1996: Cyclones with 25+ deaths". United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-03-14.
  64. ^ Hudgins,James E. (2000). "Tropical cyclones affecting North Carolina since 1586-An Historical Perspective" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
  65. ^ a b David Roth & Hugh Cobb. "Virginia Hurricane History". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 14, 2008.
  66. ^ David M. Roth (2010-01-13). Louisiana Hurricane History (PDF). National Weather Service Southern Region Headquarters. Retrieved 2011-01-25.
  67. ^ "1879 Hurricane Not Named (1879322N22287)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  68. ^ a b c Al Sandrik & Chris Landsea (2003). "Chronological Listing of Tropical Cyclones affecting North Florida and Coastal Georgia 1565-1899". Hurricane Research Division. Archived from the original on 6 December 2006. Retrieved 2 January 2007.
  69. ^ a b Hudgins, James E. (2000). "Tropical cyclones affecting North Carolina since 1586 - An Historical Perspective" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
  70. ^ Rappaport, Edward N and Jose Fernandez-Partagas (April 22, 1997). The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492–1996: Cyclones that may have 25+ deaths. National Hurricane Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
  71. ^ Jose F. Partagas and Henry F. Diaz (1996). Year 1884 (PDF). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
  72. ^ a b c d e f g h i Partagás, J. F.; Díaz, H. F. (1996). "A Reconstruction of Historical Tropical Cyclone Frequency in the Atlantic from Documentary and other Historical Sources, Part III: 1881–1890". Year 1886 (PDF) (Report). Climate Diagnostics Center. pp. 36–37. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
  73. ^ "Chart I. Tracks of Areas of Low Pressure. June, 1886" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 14 (6): C1. June 1886. Bibcode:1886MWRv...14Y...1.. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1886)146[c1:CITOAO]2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
  74. ^ "Atmospheric Pressure" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 14 (6): 149. June 1886. Bibcode:1886MWRv...14R.147.. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1886)14[147b:AP]2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
  75. ^ Partagás & Díaz 1996, p. 38
  76. ^ Rappaport, Edward N.; Fernández-Partagás, José (22 April 1997) [28 May 1995]. "Appendix 2: Cyclones that may have 25+ deaths". The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492–1996 (Report). National Weather Service, National Hurricane Center.
  77. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Hurricane Research Division (2011). "Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  78. ^ a b c David Roth (2010-02-04). "Texas Hurricane History" (PDF). National Weather Service. Retrieved 2011-06-22.
  79. ^ United States Army Corps of Engineers (1945). Storm Total Rainfall In The United States. War Department. p. SA 3-1.
  80. ^ "STORM 9- HURDAT".
  81. ^ "Hurricanes in Florida" Retrieved 2020-05-23
  82. ^ a b Fernández-Partagás, José; Diaz, Henry F. (1997). A Reconstruction of Historical Tropical Cyclone Frequency in the Atlantic from Documentary and other Historical Sources Part IV: 1891-1890. Boulder, Colorado: Climate Diagnostics Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
  83. ^ a b c Jose Fernandez-Partagas (1996). Year 1892 (PDF). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
  84. ^ a b c Jose Fernandez-Partagas (1996). Year 1893 (PDF). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
  85. ^ "Storm in Honduras". Evening Messenger. July 15, 1893. p. 2. Retrieved August 26, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  86. ^ McCloskey, T. A.; Keller, G. (2009). "5000 year sedimentary record of hurricane strikes on the central coast of Belize". Quaternary International. 195 (1–2): 53–68. Bibcode:2009QuInt.195...53M. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2008.03.003.
  87. ^ "Los Angeles Herald 3 September 1893 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". cdnc.ucr.edu.
  88. ^ a b Jose Fernandez-Partagas. "Year 1895" Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  89. ^ "The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1996".
  90. ^ a b c Partagás, José Fernández (1995). "A Reconstruction of Historical Tropical Cyclone Frequency in the Atlantic from Documentary and other Historical Sources: Year 1896" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
  91. ^ Moore, Willis L. (July 1896). "Tracks of centers of low areas" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 24 (7). American Meteorological Society: c1. Bibcode:1896MWRv...24Z...1.. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1896)247[c1:CITOCO]2.0.CO;2. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
  92. ^ "Big storm at Pensacola". The Tennessean. July 10, 1896. p. 8. Retrieved February 16, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
  93. ^ Henry, A. J. (July 1896). "Local storms" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 24 (7). American Meteorological Society: 230–231. Bibcode:1896MWRv...24..230H. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1896)24[230:LS]2.0.CO;2. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
  94. ^ "Big storm on the coast". The Wilkes-Barre Record. October 12, 1896. p. 1. Retrieved February 14, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
  95. ^ Roth, David M. "Virginia Hurricane History: Late Nineteenth Century". Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
  96. ^ "Virginia affairs". The Baltimore Sun. October 20, 1896. p. 7. Retrieved February 3, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
  97. ^ Jose Fernandez-Partagas and Henry Diaz (1996). Year 1897 (PDF). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. pp. 57–69. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
  98. ^ Rappaport, Edward N and Jose Fernandez-Partagas (April 22, 1997). The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1996. National Hurricane Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. pp. 57–69. Retrieved March 2, 2014.
  99. ^ Jose Fernandez Partagas and Henry F. Diaz (1996). Year 1898 (PDF). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
  100. ^ Jose F. Partagas (1996). Year 1899 (PDF). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. pp. 39–53. Retrieved May 22, 2013.
  101. ^ "Destruction In Florida" (PDF). The New York Times. River Junction, Florida. August 5, 1899. Retrieved June 3, 2013.
  102. ^ Jose F. Partagas (1996). Year 1899 (PDF). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. pp. 59, 65–68. Retrieved May 22, 2013.
  103. ^ James E. Hudgins (April 2000). Tropical cyclones affecting North Carolina since 1586: An historical perspective. National Weather Service (Report). Springfield, Virginia: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. pp. 21–22. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 11, 2007. Retrieved August 4, 2013.
  104. ^ Jose F. Partagas (1996). Year 1899 (PDF). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. pp. 71–83. Retrieved May 22, 2013.
  105. ^ "1900 Hurricane Not Named (1900252N10342)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  106. ^ "1901 Hurricane Not Named (1901241N14338)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  107. ^ "Rare Hurricane Pounds Cape Verde Islands". Weather Underground. August 31, 2015. Archived from the original on June 24, 2016. Retrieved May 5, 2016.
  108. ^ "1902 Hurricane Not Named (1902259N08329)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  109. ^ Jose Fernandez Partagas and Henry F. Diaz (1997). Year 1902 (PDF). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 5, 2014.
  110. ^ "1902 Hurricane Not Named (1902276N14266)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  111. ^ North Shore WX (2007). "The New Jersey Hurricane of September 16, 1903". Archived from the original on 2016-03-06. Retrieved May 17, 2016.
  112. ^ "1903 Hurricane Not Named (1903255N23304)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  113. ^ "Hurricane at Bermuda". The New Berne Weekly Journal. October 2, 1903. Retrieved November 22, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  114. ^ "1903 Hurricane Not Named (1903269N23301)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  115. ^ "1903 Hurricane Not Named (1903274N18303)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  116. ^ Fernández-Partagás, José; Diaz, Henry F. (1997). A Reconstruction of Historical Tropical Cyclone Frequency in the Atlantic from Documentary and other Historical Sources (part 1) (PDF). Boulder, Colorado: Climate Diagnostics Center, NOAA. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
  117. ^ Jose Fernandez Partagas & Henry F. Diaz (1997). Year 1908 (PDF). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Report). Miami: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 9, 2016.
  118. ^ John T. Quin (May 20, 1908). A Hurricane in the West Indies in March, 1908 (PDF). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Report). St. Croix: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
  119. ^ "Islands Devastated by Great Wind Storm". Belvidere Daily Republican. Belvidere, Illinois. October 13, 1908. p. 1. Retrieved August 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com. Free access icon
  120. ^ "1908 Hurricane Not Named (1908252N15308)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  121. ^ "Storm in Nicaragua". Burlington Daily News. October 29, 1908. p. 1. Retrieved August 17, 2012 – via Newspapers.com. Free access icon
  122. ^ "1908 Hurricane Not Named (1903274N18303)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  123. ^ "1909 Hurricane Not Named (1909177N25276)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  124. ^ Staff Writer (November 14, 1909). "Hurricane In Haiti Did Great Damage" (PDF). The New York Times. p. C2. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
  125. ^ "1909 Hurricane Not Named (1909313N11279)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  126. ^ Edward H. Bowie (September 1910). "Weather, Forecasts and Warnings for the Month" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 38 (9). American Meteorological Society: 1456. Bibcode:1910MWRv...38.1456B. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1910)38<1456:WFAWFT>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved April 23, 2010.
  127. ^ "1910 Hurricane Not Named (1910248N17302)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  128. ^ "1910 Hurricane Not Named (1910267N28300)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  129. ^ "Charleston in Grip of Fatal Hurricane; At Least Seven Lives Taken and $1,000,000 Damage Done by Wind and Water". The New York Times. August 29, 1911. Retrieved April 29, 2010.
  130. ^ "1911 Hurricane Not Named (1911235N25295)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  131. ^ Bowe, Edward H (September 1911). "Weather, Forecasts and Warnings for the Month" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 39 (9): 1453. Bibcode:1911MWRv...39.1453B. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1911)39<1453:WFAWFT>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493. Retrieved April 29, 2010.
  132. ^ "1911 Hurricane Not Named (1911247N12303)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  133. ^ David M. Roth; Weather Prediction Center. Texas Hurricane History (PDF). Camp Springs, Maryland: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved September 5, 2016.
  134. ^ "1912 Hurricane Not Named (1912286N18279)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  135. ^ "Death Toll in Storm on Gulf Coast of This State Was Twenty-One". The Tampa Daily Times. No. 179. September 8, 1915. p. 1. Retrieved August 23, 2021 – via Newspapers.com. Free access icon
  136. ^ "Four Negroes Die in Georgia Storm". The State. Columbia, South Carolina. September 5, 1915. p. 1. Retrieved August 23, 2021 – via Newspapers.com. Free access icon
  137. ^ "1915 Hurricane Not Named (1915244N15281)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  138. ^ "Schooners Are In Port Account Bahama Storm". Miami Daily Metropolis. No. 186. Miami, Florida. Associated Press. July 18, 1916. p. 1. Archived from the original on September 5, 2021. Retrieved March 21, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  139. ^ "1916 Hurricane Not Named (1916192N12308)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  140. ^ "Tropical Storm Came An Unwelcome Guest". The Miami Herald. Vol. 6, no. 268. Miami, Florida. August 26, 1916. p. 1. Archived from the original on August 26, 2021. Retrieved August 26, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  141. ^ "1916 Hurricane Not Named (1916234N16300)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  142. ^ Frankenfield, H.C. (October 1916). "Forecasts and Warnings for October, 1916". Monthly Weather Review. 44 (10). Boston, Massachusetts: American Meteorological Society: 585. Bibcode:1916MWRv...44..582F. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1916)44<582:FAWFO>2.0.CO;2. Archived from the original on August 27, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2020. Open access icon
  143. ^ "1916 Hurricane Not Named (1916234N16300)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  144. ^ "1918 Hurricane Not Named (1918234N12303)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  145. ^ "General Forecast". The Washington Herald. September 5, 1918. p. 10. Retrieved November 21, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  146. ^ "1918 Hurricane Not Named (1918245N25303)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  147. ^ "1919 Hurricane Not Named (1919245N33287)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  148. ^ "1920 Hurricane Not Named (1920251N11323)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  149. ^ "1920 Hurricane Not Named (1920260N12284)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  150. ^ Martin Ramos Diaz (1998). "Estampas de frontera". Payo Obispo, 1898-1998, Chetumal: a propósito del centenario. Universidad de Quintana Roo. pp. 130–131. ISBN 9789687864105. Retrieved August 11, 2019.
  151. ^ "Storm Hits Gulf Shipping". New York Tribune. October 23, 1922. p. 20. Retrieved August 11, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  152. ^ Monthly Weather Review (PDF) (Report). United States Weather Bureau. 1924. Retrieved August 18, 2013.
  153. ^ "New Storm Hard on Heels of its Predecessor". The Daily Gleaner. 1924.
  154. ^ "Fund Opened to Aid Sufferers by Hurricane". The Daily Gleaner. 1924.
  155. ^ a b National Hurricane Center; Hurricane Research Division; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (April 2012). "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT) Meta Data, 1926–1930". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Oceanic & Atmospheric Research. Retrieved 2012-09-01.
  156. ^ "Storm Curves Away; Florida to Miss Blow". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Associated Press. August 6, 1928. p. 1. Retrieved March 21, 2013.
  157. ^ "Heavy Sea on Cuban Coast". The Evening Independent. Havana, Cuba. Associated Press. August 8, 1928. p. 12. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
  158. ^ "Fruit and Coffee Areas Hard Hit by Hurricane". Times Union. Brooklyn, New York. September 12, 1931. p. 2. Retrieved March 26, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  159. ^ "Communication With Porto Rico Interior Restored". The Tampa Bay Times. Tampa, Florida. September 12, 1931. p. 1. Retrieved March 26, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  160. ^ Hurd, Willis E. (1 November 1932). "North Atlantic Ocean, November, 1932" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 60 (11): 227–228. Bibcode:1932MWRv...60..227H. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1932)60<227:NAON>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 12 January 2013.
  161. ^ Pielke; Rubiera; Landsea; Fernandez & Klien (2003). "Hurricane Vulnerability in Latin America & The Caribbean" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 10, 2009. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
  162. ^ Rappaport & Partagas (1997). "The Deadliest Atlantic Hurricanes, 1492–1996". United States National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on August 10, 2010. Retrieved September 19, 2006.
  163. ^ Charles L. Mitchell (1933). "Tropical Disturbances of July 1933" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 61 (7). American Meteorological Society: 200–201. Bibcode:1933MWRv...61..200M. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1933)61<200b:TDOJ>2.0.CO;2. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved 2012-06-02.
  164. ^ "67 Mexicans Die In Storm". The New York Times. September 17, 1933.
  165. ^ a b c "Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT - 1934". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Retrieved March 16, 2020.
  166. ^ G.E. Dunn (June 1934). "The Tropical Disturbance of June 5–23" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 62 (6): 202–203. Bibcode:1934MWRv...62..202D. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1934)62<202:TTDOJ>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved March 17, 2020.[permanent dead link]
  167. ^ "The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1996". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved March 24, 2020.
  168. ^ "N.C. Feels Little Force of Hurricane". The Charlotte News. Charlotte, North Carolina. September 9, 1934. p. 2. Retrieved March 19, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  169. ^ "Severe Storm Due to Hit State Today". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Vol. 84, no. 251. Richmond, Virginia. September 8, 1934. p. 3. Retrieved March 19, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  170. ^ Willis E. Hurd (November 1935). "The Atlantic-Gulf of Mexico Hurricane of October 30 to November 8, 1935" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 63 (11). Washington, D.C.: American Meteorological Society: 316–318. Bibcode:1935MWRv...63..316H. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1935)63<316:TAOMHO>2.0.CO;2. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 25, 2017. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
  171. ^ Marjory Stoneman Douglas (1958). "The Florida Keys, 1935". Rinehart and Company. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  172. ^ Barnes, Jay (2007). Florida's Hurricane History. Chapel Hill Press. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-8078-3068-0.
  173. ^ Unisys Corporation (2006). "1936 Atlantic hurricane season". Archived from the original on September 18, 2006. Retrieved September 12, 2006.
  174. ^ I. R. Tannehill (1936). "Tropical Disturbances of 1936" (PDF). Weather Bureau. Retrieved September 9, 2006.
  175. ^ "1937-4". Government of Canada. Archived from the original on June 23, 2017. Retrieved March 15, 2020.
  176. ^ "1937-7". Government of Canada. Archived from the original on June 23, 2017. Retrieved March 15, 2020.
  177. ^ "Gale Blows 90 Miles Per Hour". San Jose News. Port Arthur, Texas. United Press. August 7, 1940. p. 1. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  178. ^ "Port Arthur Citizens Flee Coming Storm". The Tuscaloosa News. Port Arthur, Texas. Associated Press. August 7, 1940. p. 1. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
  179. ^ Gallenne, J.H. (1940). "Tropical Disturbance of May 18–27, 1940; Tropical Disturbances of August 1940; Tropical Disturbances of September 1940; Tropical Disturbances of October 1940". Monthly Weather Review. 68 (5, 8–10). Washington, D.C.: American Meteorological Society: 148, 217–218, 245–247, 280. Bibcode:1940MWRv...68..280G. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1940)068<0280:tdoo>2.0.co;2.
  180. ^ Ivan Ray Tannehill (1943). Hurricanes. Princeton University Press. pp. 250–251.
  181. ^ "New Jersey Fights To Prevent Disease". Daytona Beach Morning Journal. Camden, New Jersey. Associated Press. September 2, 1940. p. 1. Retrieved May 5, 2013.
  182. ^ Environment Canada (November 13, 2009). "1940-5". Storm Impact Summaries. Government of Canada. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
  183. ^ Hunter, H.C. (September 1, 1940). "Weather On The North Atlantic Ocean" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 68 (9). American Meteorological Society: 253–254. Bibcode:1940MWRv...68..253H. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1940)068<0253:WOTNAO>2.0.CO;2.
  184. ^ Carol O'Donnell; Vivien Lougheed (February 1, 2003). Adventure Guide to Belize. Edison, New Jersey: Hunter Publishing, Inc. p. 333. ISBN 1588432890. Retrieved January 11, 2014. hopkins belize newtown hurricane.
  185. ^ Bill Read; Lew Fincher. The 1943 "Surprise" Hurricane (Report). National Weather Service. Retrieved May 12, 2017. {{cite report}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
  186. ^ a b c Howard C. Sumner (November 1943). Monthly Weather Review: North Atlantic Hurricanes and Tropical Disturbances of 1943 (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 8, 2017.
  187. ^ Rainfall Associated With Hurricanes (PDF) (Report). Weather Prediction Center. July 1956. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
  188. ^ "Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships". Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
  189. ^ H.C. Sumner (April 16, 1946). Monthly Weather Review: North Atlantic Hurricanes and Tropical Disturbances of 1945 (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 4, 2017.
  190. ^ "Hurricane Skirts Carolina Coast". Tallahassee Democrat. Tallahassee, Florida. June 25, 1945. p. 1. Retrieved May 4, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
  191. ^ "Storm Heads for Manteo; Damage Light". Asheville Citizen-Times. West Palm Beach, Florida. June 26, 1945. p. 1. Retrieved May 4, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
  192. ^ José Fernández Partagás (July 1966). The "Unrecorded" Hurricane of October 1945 (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 4, 2017.
  193. ^ 1946-4 (Report). Environment Canada. November 17, 2009. Retrieved March 23, 2016.
  194. ^ Richard C. Glass (October 8, 1946). "First Winds Strike Coast as Florida Stands by for Hurricane Lashings". Spartanburg Herald-Journal. United Press International. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
  195. ^ "Florida Hurricane Loses Its Force". Pittsburgh Press. Atlanta, Georgia. October 8, 1946. p. 4. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
  196. ^ "Hurricane Hits Mexico". The Berkshire Eagle. United Press International. August 15, 1947. p. 1. Retrieved May 3, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
  197. ^ "Hurricane Hits Mexico; 3 Killed, 19 Injured". Kokomo Tribune. Associated Press. August 16, 1947. p. 11. Retrieved May 3, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
  198. ^ A. B. C. Whipple (1982). Storm. Time-Life Books. ISBN 0-8094-4312-0.
  199. ^ Jay Barnes (2007). Florida's Hurricane History. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 173. ISBN 978-1-4696-0021-5. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  200. ^ Richmond T. Zoch (December 1949). North Atlantic Hurricanes and Tropical Disturbances of 1949 (PDF) (Report). United States Weather Bureau. Retrieved 2013-06-10.
  201. ^ James E. Hudgins (April 2000). Tropical cyclones affecting North Carolina since 1586: An historical perspective (Report). National Weather Service. p. 31. Archived from the original on March 11, 2007. Retrieved June 10, 2013.
  202. ^ "Hurricane Fizzling Out After Blasting Texas". The Victoria Advocate. October 4, 1949. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
  203. ^ David M. Roth (2008-10-21). "Rainfall Summary for Hurricane Baker (1950)". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Archived from the original on 4 January 2011. Retrieved 2011-01-03.
  204. ^ a b c d Grady Norton (1950). "Hurricanes of the 1950 Season" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 79 (1): 8–15. Bibcode:1951MWRv...79....8N. doi:10.1175/1520-0493-79.1.8 (inactive 2024-03-27). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-26. Retrieved 2010-01-31.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of March 2024 (link)
  205. ^ Staff Writer (1950-10-04). "Hurricane Nears Bermuda; Winds Rake Texas Coast". Herald-Journal. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2016-05-05. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
  206. ^ Staff Writer (1950-10-05). "Hurricane at Sea off New England". Lewiston Daily Sun. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2016-05-06. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
  207. ^ Staff Writer (1950-10-12). "Hurricane Toll High". The Leader-Post. United Press International. Archived from the original on 2016-05-06. Retrieved 2011-01-27.
  208. ^ Staff Writer (1950-10-12). "Hurricane Spends Itself In Coastal Mountains". Lewiston Evening Journal. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2016-05-09. Retrieved 2010-05-07.
  209. ^ "Storm Causes Widespread Damage in South Florida". Associated Press. 1951. Retrieved 2010-01-09.[permanent dead link]
  210. ^ "Hurricane Not Expected to Hit Main Hard". Lewiston Evening Journal. Associated Press. 1951-10-05. Retrieved 2010-01-09.
  211. ^ a b c Grady Norton, U.S. Weather Bureau (January 1953). "Hurricanes of the 1952 Season" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 January 2011. Retrieved 2011-01-11.
  212. ^ Staff Writer (1952-08-31). "Three Dead in U.S. Hurricane". The Age. Retrieved 2011-01-13.
  213. ^ Isidro D. Carino (1953). A Study of Hurricane Baker of 1952 (PDF) (Report). Defense Technical Information Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 2, 2012. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
  214. ^ Staff Writer (1954-06-23). "Gale Hits Mexico". The Victoria Advocate. Associated Press. Retrieved 2011-08-06.
  215. ^ David Roth (2010-01-13). "Hurricane Alice – June 24–27, 1954". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved 2011-08-05.
  216. ^ Gordon E. Dunn; et al. (December 1955). "Addendum to "Hurricanes 1954"" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 83 (12): 314. Bibcode:1955MWRv...83..314.. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1955)083<0314:atho>2.0.co;2.
  217. ^ Floods of August-October 1955: New England to North Carolina. United States Geological Survey. 1960. pp. 15, 27. Retrieved 2013-01-23.
  218. ^ Howard Frederick Matthai (1955). Floods of August 1955 in the Northeastern States (Report). United States Geological Survey. pp. 1–10. Retrieved 2013-02-09.
  219. ^ "Spotters See Edith Howling in Atlantic". The Victoria Advocate. United Press. 1955-08-24. p. 1. Retrieved 2013-02-13.
  220. ^ "Canadian Tropical Cyclone Season Summary for 1955". Environment Canada. 2009-07-14. Retrieved 2013-02-13.
  221. ^ Gordon E. Dunn; Walter R. Davis; Paul L. Moore (December 1955). "Hurricanes of 1955" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 83 (12): 315–326. Bibcode:1955MWRv...83..315D. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1955)083<0315:HO>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 2011-09-10.
  222. ^ Jack W. Roberts (1955-10-17). "Hurricane Buffets Haiti, Moving Away from U.S." Miami Daily News. Retrieved 2011-09-10.[permanent dead link]
  223. ^ "No Danger as Hurricane Katie Goes Out to Sea". The Telegraph. Associated Press. 1955-10-18. Retrieved 2011-09-10.
  224. ^ Gordon E. Dunn; Walter R. Davis; Paul L. Moore (December 1956). "Hurricane Season of 1956" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 84 (12): 446–443. Bibcode:1956MWRv...84..436D. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1956)084<0436:HSO>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 123506614. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
  225. ^ a b c "The Hurricane Season of 1958" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 86 (12). Miami Weather Bureau Office: 477–485. December 1958. Bibcode:1958MWRv...86..477.. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1958)086<0477:thso>2.0.co;2. Retrieved 2013-03-06.
  226. ^ "Ella Hits Cuba; Gale And Rain On Florida Keys". Meriden Journal. United Press International. 1958-09-03. p. 7. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
  227. ^ Mark Guishard; James Dodgson; Michael Johnston (May 2015). "Hurricanes - General Information for Bermuda". Bermuda Weather Service. Archived from the original on November 17, 2015. Retrieved November 3, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  228. ^ Ralph L. Higgs (1958-10-13). Report on Hurricane Ilsa (GIF) (Report). San Juan Weather Bureau. Retrieved 2013-03-09.
  229. ^ "8 Drown". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Associated Press. 1958-10-08. Retrieved 2013-03-08.
  230. ^ Gordon E. Dunn (March 1962). The Hurricane Season of 1961 (PDF). Monthly Weather Review (Report). Retrieved January 31, 2014.
  231. ^ "Anna Should Miss Jamaica". The Daily Gleaner. 1961.
  232. ^ Ralph L. Higgs (August 4, 1961). Report on Hurricane Anna – July 20, 1961. U.S. Weather Bureau Office San Juan, Puerto Rico (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Hurricane Center. p. 2. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
  233. ^ David M. Roth (2008-01-20). "Hurricane Daisy - October 6-8, 1962". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved 2011-10-08.
  234. ^ Neil L. Frank. "The 1962 Hurricane Season" (GIF). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
  235. ^ Gary E. Weir; Walter J. Boyne (2003). Rising Tide: The Untold Story of the Russian Submarines that Fought the Cold War. New York: Basic Books. p. 75.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  236. ^ John A. Cummings (1962-10-24). "Casualties Attributable to Hurricane Ella" (GIF). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
  237. ^ "1962-Ella". Environment Canada. 2009-11-05. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
  238. ^ Hurricane Edith, September 23-28, 1963, preliminary report with advisories and bulletins issued (PDF) (Report). United States Weather Bureau. December 2, 1963. p. 1. Retrieved November 17, 2015.
  239. ^ M. Perrusset (October 2, 1963). Martinique (Report). Fort-de-France: United States Weather Bureau. Retrieved November 17, 2015.
  240. ^ The Affects of Hurricane "Edith" to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands September 26-27, 1963. United States Weather Bureau (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 21, 2013.
  241. ^ Lewis J. Allison; Harold P. Thompson (June 1966). TIROS VII Infrared Radiation Coverage of the 1963 Atlantic Hurricane Season With Supporting Television and Conventional Meteorological Data (PDF) (Report). NASA. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
  242. ^ P.L. Moore (1963-10-28). Ginny Advisory Number 31 (GIF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
  243. ^ Wilmington, N.C. Weather Bureau Office (1963-10-28). "Preliminary Report on Hurricane Ginny October 19 to 27 1963". United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-10-17.
  244. ^ Hurricane Ethel, September 4–6, 1964. United States Weather Bureau (Report). United States National Hurricane Center; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1964. p. 2. Retrieved June 14, 2013.
  245. ^ Mark Guishard; James Dodgson; Michael Johnston (May 2015). Hurricanes – General Information for Bermuda (Report). Hamilton, Bermuda: Bermuda Weather Service. Archived from the original on November 17, 2015. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
  246. ^ a b Arnold L. Sugg (March 1966). The Hurricane Season of 1965 (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved March 12, 2012.
  247. ^ "MV Fiete Schulze (+1967)". Wreck Site. Retrieved August 26, 2013.
  248. ^ a b Robert H. Simpson; Arnold L. Sugg (April 1970). The Atlantic hurricane season of 1969 (PDF). U.S. Weather Bureau (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 4, 2011. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
  249. ^ W. Clyde Conner (October 27, 1969). Hurricane Laurie...Gulf of Mexico October 18-26, 1969. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Hurricane Center (Report). New Orleans, Louisiana: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 2. Retrieved July 19, 2015.
  250. ^ David Spiegler (December 1971). "The unnamed Atlantic Tropical Storms Of 1970" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 99 (12): 966–976. Bibcode:1971MWRv...99..966S. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1971)099<0966:TUATSO>2.3.CO;2. S2CID 121085587. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  251. ^ 1970-NN-2 (Report). Environment Canada. May 5, 2011. Retrieved September 3, 2011.
  252. ^ "Winds Lash Bermudians". The Beaver County Times. United Press International. October 16, 1970. p. 37. Retrieved March 24, 2012.
  253. ^ Staff Writer (September 23, 1971). "Ginger Hits Bermuda". The Deseret News. United Press International. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
  254. ^ "Hurricane Ginger September 5 – October 5 (Page 2)" (GIF). United States National Hurricane Center. 1971. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
  255. ^ Staff Writer (October 1, 1971). "Ginger Rakes North Carolina". The Palm Beach Post. Associated Press. Retrieved February 18, 2011.[permanent dead link]
  256. ^ R. H. Simpson; Paul J. Herbert (April 1973). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1972" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 May 2011. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
  257. ^ Sharon Towry (June 1975). "Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones in 1974: Part 2". Monthly Weather Review. 103 (6). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 550–559. Bibcode:1975MWRv..103..550T. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1975)103<0550:ENPTCP>2.0.CO;2.
  258. ^ Preliminary Report: Hurricane Fifi (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. 1975. p. 1. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
  259. ^ Rappaport, Edward N and Jose Fernandez-Partagas (May 28, 1995). The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492–1996 (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 28 June 2011. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
  260. ^ "Aid Efforts Start For Honduras, Fifi Deaths Soar". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Associated Press. September 24, 1974. p. 7. Retrieved April 22, 2019.
  261. ^ a b Paul J. Hebert (April 1976). Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1975 (PDF). Monthly Weather Review (Report). American Meteorological Society. Retrieved February 24, 2017.
  262. ^ "Islands Feel Faye". The Ledger. Associated Press. September 27, 1975. Retrieved August 28, 2009.[permanent dead link]
  263. ^ Miles B. Lawrence (April 1977). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1976: Hurricane Emmy, 20 August-4 September". Monthly Weather Review. 105 (4): 505–506. Bibcode:1977MWRv..105..497L. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1977)105<0497:AHSO>2.0.CO;2.
  264. ^ Miles B. Lawrence (April 1977). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1976: Hurricane Gloria, 26 September-4 October". Monthly Weather Review. 105 (4): 506. Bibcode:1977MWRv..105..497L. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1977)105<0497:AHSO>2.0.CO;2.
  265. ^ Paul J. Hebert (1978). Preliminary Report Hurricane Flossie. National Hurricane Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 1. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
  266. ^ Neil L. Frank and Gilbert Clark (July 1980). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1979" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 108 (7): 966–972. Bibcode:1980MWRv..108..973H. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<0973:AHSO>2.0.CO;2. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 4, 2011. Retrieved May 27, 2014.
  267. ^ Joseph Pelissier (1980). "Hurricane Bonnie Preliminary Report". United States National Hurricane Center. p. 1. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  268. ^ Joseph Pelissier (1980). "Hurricane Bonnie Preliminary Report". United States National Hurricane Center. p. 2. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  269. ^ "Hurricane Ivan Preliminary Report". United States National Hurricane Center. 1980. p. 1. Retrieved July 27, 2011.
  270. ^ John R. Hope (October 5, 1980). "Tropical Storm Ivan Discussion". United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  271. ^ Zollman, Peter (13 November 1980). "Tropical Storm Jeanne, a freak November hurricane that quickly..." UPI. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
  272. ^ Lawrence, Miles (October 10, 1981). "Hurricane Gert Preliminary Report. Page 1". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 11 June 2010.
  273. ^ Lawrence, Miles (October 10, 1981). "Hurricane Gert Preliminary Report. Page 2". United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 11 June 2010.
  274. ^ Robert Sheets (October 27, 1984). "Preliminary Report: Hurricane Josephine – 7 to 21 October 1984". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved March 6, 2010.
  275. ^ "Hurricane Josephine moves away from land". The Free Lance-Star. Associated Press. October 15, 1984. Retrieved January 25, 2010.[permanent dead link]
  276. ^ Robert A. Case (1987). Hurricane Earl (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. p. 3. Retrieved July 7, 2009.
  277. ^ B. Max Mayfield (October 22, 1989). Preliminary Report Hurricane Dean 31 July - 8 August 1989. National Hurricane Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 1. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
  278. ^ B. Max Mayfield (October 22, 1989). Casualty and Damage Statistics. National Hurricane Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 2. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
  279. ^ Jim Gross (December 4, 1989). Preliminary Report Hurricane Erin (18 - 27 August, 1989). National Hurricane Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
  280. ^ a b Mayfield, Britt M; Lawrence, Miles B (August 1991). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1990". Monthly Weather Review. 119 (8): 2014–2026. Bibcode:1991MWRv..119.2014M. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1991)119<2014:AHSO>2.0.CO;2.
  281. ^ Pasch, Richard J; Avila, Lixion A (1992). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1991". Monthly Weather Review. 120 (11): 2671. Bibcode:1992MWRv..120.2671P. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<2671:AHSO>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493.
  282. ^ a b Mayfield, Britt M; Avila, Lixion A; Rappaport, Edward N (1994). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1992". Monthly Weather Review. 122 (3): 517. Bibcode:1994MWRv..122..517M. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<0517:AHSO>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493.
  283. ^ Pasch, Richard J; Rappaport, Edward N (1995). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1993". Monthly Weather Review. 123 (3): 871. Bibcode:1995MWRv..123..871P. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<0871:AHSO>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493.
  284. ^ Avila, Lixion A; Rappaport, Edward N (1996). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1994". Monthly Weather Review. 124 (7): 1558. Bibcode:1996MWRv..124.1558A. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<1558:AHSO>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493.
  285. ^ a b c Lawrence, MIles B; Mayfield, Britt M; Avila, Lixion A; Pasch, Richard J; Rappaport, Edward N (1998). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1995". Monthly Weather Review. 126 (5): 1124. Bibcode:1998MWRv..126.1124L. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<1124:AHSO>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493.
  286. ^ C. B. Daniel; R. Maharaj (May 2001). Tropical Cyclones Affecting Trinidad and Tobago, 1725 to 2000 (Report). Trinidad and Tobago Meteorological Service. p. 14. Archived from the original on June 26, 2015. Retrieved May 5, 2012.
  287. ^ a b c d Pasch, Richard J; Avila, Lixion A; Guiney, John L (2001). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1998". Monthly Weather Review. 129 (12): 3085. Bibcode:2001MWRv..129.3085P. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<3085:AHSO>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493. S2CID 119709886.
  288. ^ 1998-Danielle (Report). Gatineau, Quebec: Environment Canada. September 14, 2010. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
  289. ^ a b c Lawrence, Miles B; Avila, Lixion A; Beven II, John L; Franklin, James L; Guiney, John L; Pasch, Richard J (December 2001). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1999". Monthly Weather Review. 129 (12): 3057–3084. Bibcode:1991MWRv..119.2014M. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<3057:AHSO>2.0.CO;2.
  290. ^ Stewart, Stacy R (November 20, 2000). Hurricane Michael Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
  291. ^ Franklin, James L (October 30, 2001). Hurricane Humberto Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  292. ^ Pasch, Richard J; Lawrence, Miles B; Avila, Lixion A; Beven II, John L; Franklin, James L; Stewart, Stacy R (2004). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2002". Monthly Weather Review. 132 (7): 1829. Bibcode:2004MWRv..132.1829P. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<1829:AHSO>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493.
  293. ^ "Hurricane Gustav Storm Summary". Canadian Hurricane Centre. October 7, 2002. Archived from the original on October 2, 2006. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
  294. ^ Avila, Lixion (May 12, 2004). "Hurricane Juan Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). United States National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on December 25, 2007. Retrieved February 1, 2011.
  295. ^ Stewart, Stacy R (November 19, 2004). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Danielle (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 11, 2015.
  296. ^ Stewart, Stacy R (January 20, 2006). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Irene (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
  297. ^ Pasch, Richard J; Kimberlain, Todd B (January 22, 2009). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Dolly (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  298. ^ Global Hazards - July 2008 (Report). National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved March 6, 2020.
  299. ^ Adriana Varillas (July 23, 2008). "Tormenta 'Dolly' se llevó la arena de playas de Cancún". El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  300. ^ Berg, Robert J; Avila, Lixion A. (2011). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2009". Monthly Weather Review. 139 (4): 1049–1069. Bibcode:2011MWRv..139.1049B. doi:10.1175/2010MWR3476.1.
  301. ^ Staff Writer (November 6, 2009). "El huracán 'Ida' deja al menos 40.000 damnificados en Nicaragua" (in Spanish). Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on April 13, 2010. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
  302. ^ Sergio León (November 5, 2009). "Huracán deja estela de daños en la RAAS". La Prensa (in Spanish). Archived from the original on December 26, 2013. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
  303. ^ a b c d Blake, Eric S; Beven II, John L (2015). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2010". Monthly Weather Review. 143 (9): 3329–3353. Bibcode:2015MWRv..143.3329B. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-11-00264.1.
  304. ^ Brown, Daniel P (February 20, 2013). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Ernesto (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 12, 2022.
  305. ^ Avila, Lixion A (January 16, 2013). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Gordon (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. pp. 1–2. Retrieved April 20, 2013.
  306. ^ Beven II, John L (December 7, 2012). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Kirk (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 12, 2022.
  307. ^ Berg, Robert J (April 20, 2015). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Arthur (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 25, 2015.
  308. ^ Stewart, Stacy R (March 17, 2018). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Gert (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 19, 2019.
  309. ^ Avila, Lixion A (February 14, 2019). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Katia (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 12, 2022.
  310. ^ Blake, Eric S (December 14, 2018). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Chris (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 12, 2022.
  311. ^ Cangialosi, John P (July 20, 2019). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Helene (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
  312. ^ Brown, Daniel P (February 19, 2019). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Oscar (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 12, 2022.
  313. ^ Brown, Daniel P (December 11, 2019). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Jerry (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 12, 2022.
  314. ^ Latto, Andy S (April 1, 2020). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Paulette (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 12, 2022.
  315. ^ Berg, Robert J; Reinhart, Brad J (April 14, 2021). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Sally (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 12, 2022.
  316. ^ "2022 Hurricane Earl (2022239N12324)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved September 10, 2022.
  317. ^ Vaquero, et al., p. 192
  318. ^ Michael Chenoweth and Cary J. Mock (2013). "Hurricane "Amanda": Rediscovery of a Forgotten U.S. Civil War Florida Hurricane". Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 94 (11): 1735–42. Bibcode:2013BAMS...94.1735C. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00171.1. S2CID 123011306.
  319. ^ "1852 Hurricane Not Named (1852270N20295)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  320. ^ "1853 Hurricane Not Named (1853318N20288)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  321. ^ "1854 Hurricane Not Named (1854176N26268)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  322. ^ "1859 Hurricane Not Named (1859297N20267))". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  323. ^ "1876 Hurricane Not Named (1876268N12300)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 13, 2022.

External links[edit]