List of Indo-European languages
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The approximate present-day distribution of the Indo-European branches within their homelands of Europe and Asia:
Non-Indo-European languages
Dotted/striped areas indicate where multilingualism is common.| Part of a series on |
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Origins
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Archaeology
Pontic Steppe East-Asia Eastern Europe Northern Europe Pontic Steppe Northern/Eastern Steppe Europe South-Asia Steppe Europe Caucasus India |
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Peoples and societies
Indo-Aryans Iranians Europe East-Asia Europe Indo-Aryan Iranian |
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Religion and mythology
Indian Iranian Other Europe |
The Indo-European languages include some 439 (SIL estimate[1]) languages and dialects spoken by about three billion people, including most of the major language families of Europe and western Asia, which belong to a single superfamily. Each subfamily in this list contains many subgroups and individual languages.
Contents
- 1 Albanian language
- 2 Anatolian languages (extinct)
- 3 Armenian language
- 4 Baltic languages
- 5 Celtic languages
- 6 Germanic languages
- 7 Hellenic languages (Greek)
- 8 Indo-Iranian languages
- 9 Italic languages
- 10 Slavic languages
- 11 Tocharian languages (extinct)
- 12 Indo-European languages whose relationship to other languages in the family is unclear
- 13 References
- 14 External links
Albanian language[edit]
Anatolian languages (extinct)[edit]
Armenian language[edit]
- Modern Armenian
- Proto-Armenian (extinct)
- Classical Armenian
- Middle Armenian
Baltic languages[edit]
Extinct languages:
- Old Prussian
- Curonian (disputed; see Origin of Curonian)
- Galindian
- Selonian
- Semigallian
- Skalvian
- Sudovian (Yotvingian)
Celtic languages[edit]
- Continental Celtic (all extinct; a paraphyletic grouping)
- Insular Celtic
- Unclassified
- Gallaecian (extinct)
- Noric (extinct)
Germanic languages[edit]
- East Germanic (all extinct)
- North Germanic
- West Germanic
Hellenic languages (Greek)[edit]
- Greek
- Mycenaean Greek (extinct)
- Aeolic Greek
- Arcadocypriot
- Ancient Macedonian[2] (extinct)
- Attic (extinct)
- Doric (extinct)
- Koine (extinct)
- Medieval Greek (extinct)
- Romano-Greek
- Eastern
- Ionic (extinct)
- Western
Indo-Iranian languages[edit]
- Indo-Aryan languages
- Central Indo-Aryan languages
- East Central Indo-Aryan languages
- Eastern Indo-Aryan languages
- Northern
- North-Western Indo-Aryan languages
- Dardic languages (The relation of this subgroup to other Indo Aryan languages is unclear.)
- Chitral languages
- Kashmiri
- Kohistani languages
- Kunar languages
- Shina languages
- Lahnda
- Jakati
- Khetrani
- Pothohari
- Hindko
- Saraiki
- Gujarati languages
- Sindhi languages
- Dardic languages (The relation of this subgroup to other Indo Aryan languages is unclear.)
- Nuristani languages
- Sanskrit
- Southern Indo-Aryan languages
- Unclassified
- Iranian languages
- Eastern Iranian languages
- Northeastern Iranian languages
- Southeastern Iranian languages
- Western Iranian languages
- Eastern Iranian languages
Italic languages[edit]
- Sabellic (extinct)
- Latino-Faliscan (extinct)
- Venetic (extinct; either Italic or closely related to Italic)
- Romance languages
- Italo-Western languages
- Eastern Romance languages
- Sardinian
Slavic languages[edit]
- Proto-Slavic
- East Slavic languages
- Old East Slavic (extinct)
- Belarusian
- Russian
- Ruthenian (extinct)
- Rusyn
- Ukrainian
- South Slavic languages
- West Slavic languages
- Czech
- Kashubian (Pomeranian)
- Polish
- Old Polish (extinct)
- Lachian
- Masovian
- Silesian (disputed)
- Slovak
- Sorbian
- Polabian (extinct)
- Knaanic (extinct)
- Slovincian (extinct)
- East Slavic languages
Tocharian languages (extinct)[edit]
- Tocharian A (Turfanian, East Tocharian or Agnean)
- Tocharian B (Kuchean or West Tocharian)
- Tocharian C (Kröanian)
Indo-European languages whose relationship to other languages in the family is unclear[edit]
- Cimmerian, possibly related to Thracian or Iranian
- Ancient Ligurian, possibly related to Italic or Celtic
- Lomavren
- Dacian
- Thracian
- Illyrian
- Messapian
- Paionian
- Phrygian
References[edit]
- ^ "Ethnologue report for Indo-European". Ethnologue.com.
- ^ "Ancient Macedonian". MultiTree: A Digital Library of Language Relationships. Retrieved 28 March 2016.