List of Jewish diaspora languages
This is a list of languages and groups of languages that developed within Jewish diaspora communities through contact with surrounding languages.[1]
Afro-Asiatic languages
Cushitic languages
Semitic languages
Arabic languages
- Karaite Egyptian Arabic, based on old Egyptian Arabic[3]
Aramaic languages
-
- Galilean dialect (extinct)
Other Afro-Asiatic languages
- Judeo-Berber[1] (a group of different Jewish Berber languages and their dialects)
Dravidian languages
- Judeo-Malayalam[1] (almost extinct)
(both written in local alphabets)
Indo-European languages
Germanic languages
Indo-Aryan languages
Iranian languages
- Judeo-Bukharic (Bukhari, Bukhori, Judeo-Tajik)[9] (with some city koinés, e.g., Judeo-Tajik koiné of Samarkand)
- Judeo-Golpaygani[9] (almost extinct)
- Judeo-Hamedani[9]
- Judeo-Persian (Dzhidi, Jidi)[9]
- Judeo-Shirazi[9][10]
- Judeo-Tat (Juhuri)[11]
Romance languages
- Judeo-Latin (extinct or evolved into Judeo-Romance languages)
- Judeo-Aragonese (extinct)
- Judeo-Navarro-Aragonese with a significant Jewish koiné of Tudela (extinct)
- Judeo-Catalan and Judeo-Valencian (extinct)
- Judeo-French (Zarphatic)[1]: a group of Jewish northern oïl languages and their dialects (extinct)
- Judeo-Italian[1] with a wide range of dialects and city koinés (including zones of so-called Toscani (Tuscan) and Mediani (Middle Italian) dialects)
- Judeo-Piedmontese (almost extinct)
- Judeo-Portuguese[1] (almost extinct) and Judeo-Galician (extinct)
- Judeo-Provençal[1] (extinct)
- Judeo-Sicilian[13][14] (including the zone of so-called Meridionali Estremi (Far Southern) dialects of Sicily, Calabria and Apulia) (extinct)
- Judeo-Spanish (Judezmo, Ladino)[1]
- Judeo-Venetian (almost extinct)
Other Indo-European languages
- Judeo-Czech (Knaanic)[15][16] (extinct)
- Judeo-Greek (Romaniyot, Yevanic)[1]
- Judeo-Koiné Greek, based on Koine Greek
Kartvelian languages
- Judeo-Georgian[1][17]
- Judeo-Mingrelian (e.g. Bandza and Senaki Jews in Western Georgia, but the tendency is to switch to Judeo-Georgian or to standard Georgian)[17] (almost extinct)
Turkic languages
- Judeo-Azerbaijani (dialect of previously Aramaic-speaking Jews of Miyandoab)
- Judeo-Crimean Tatar (Krymchak)[18] (almost extinct)
- Judeo-Turkish[19]
- Karaim[1] (almost extinct)
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Rubin, Aaron D.; Kahn, Lily (2015-10-30). Handbook of Jewish Languages. BRILL. ISBN 9789004297357.
- ^ Hudson, Grover (2013). "A Comparative Dictionary of the Agaw Languages by David Appleyard (review)". Northeast African Studies. New series. 13 (2). doi:10.1353/nas.2013.0021.
- ^ Khan, Geoffrey (1997). "The Arabic Dialect of the Karaite Jews of Hit". Zeitschrift für Arabische Linguistik (34): 53–102. ISSN 0170-026X. JSTOR 43525685 – via JSTOR.
- ^ Khan, Geoffrey (1999-06-08). A Grammar of Neo-Aramaic: The Dialect of the Jews of Arbel. BRILL. ISBN 9789004305045.
- ^ a b c Weninger, Stefan (2011-12-23). The Semitic Languages: An International Handbook. Walter de Gruyter. p. 709. ISBN 9783110251586.
- ^ "Asian and African studies blog: Judeo-Persian". blogs.bl.uk.
- ^ "A Unique Hebrew Glossary from India". Gorgias Press LLC.
- ^ a b "Liturgical miscellany; Or 14014 : 1800-1899 era:". British Library. Retrieved 2019-10-30.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b c d e Spolsky, Bernard (2014-03-27). The Languages of the Jews: A Sociolinguistic History. Cambridge University Press. p. 241. ISBN 9781139917148.
- ^ Habib Borjian, “Judeo-Iranian Languages,” in Lily Kahn and Aaron D. Rubin, eds., A Handbook of Jewish Languages, Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2015, pp. 234-295. [1].
- ^ Habib Borjian and Daniel Kaufman, “Juhuri: from the Caucasus to New York City”, Special Issue: Middle Eastern Languages in Diasporic USA communities, in International Journal of Sociology of Language, issue edited by Maryam Borjian and Charles Häberl, issue 237, 2016, pp. 51-74. [2].
- ^ Nahon, Peter, 2018. Gascon et français chez les Israélites d'Aquitaine. Paris:Classiques Garnier.
- ^ Hary, Benjamin; Benor, Sarah Bunin (5 November 2018). Languages in Jewish Communities, Past and Present. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 9781501504631 – via Google Books.
- ^ Weiss, Hillel; Katsman, Roman; Kotlerman, Ber (17 March 2014). Around the Point: Studies in Jewish Literature and Culture in Multiple Languages. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 9781443857529 – via Google Books.
- ^ International Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Oxford University Press. 2003-01-01. p. 83. ISBN 9780195139778.
- ^ Katz, Dovid (October 2012). Bláha, Ondřej; Dittman, Robert; Uličná, Lenka (eds.). "Knaanic in the Medieval and Modern Scholarly Imagination" (PDF). Knaanic Language: Structure and Historical Background: 164, 173. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- ^ a b https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332883632_Judeo-Georgian_Language_as_an_Identity_Marker_of_Georgian_Jews_The_Jews_Living_in_Georgia
- ^ "YIVO | Krymchaks". www.yivoencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 2015-08-01.
- ^ Handbook of Jewish Languages: Revised and Updated Edition. BRILL. 2017-09-01. ISBN 9789004359543.