List of Phi Beta Kappa members by year of admission

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This is a list of notable members of the Phi Beta Kappa Society who have Wikipedia biographies.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Notable members elected as undergraduates[edit]

Name College or University Year
Bushrod Washington College of William & Mary 1778
John Heath College of William & Mary 1779
Richard Bland Lee College of William & Mary 1780
John Marshall College of William & Mary 1780
James Kent Yale College 1781
Stephen Van Rensselaer[1] Harvard University 1782
John Quincy Adams Harvard University 1787
Eli Whitney Yale College 1792
David Sherman Boardman Yale College 1792
Joseph Story Harvard University 1798
Oliver Ellsworth Yale College 1799
Daniel Webster Dartmouth College 1801
John Calhoun Yale College 1804
Levi Woodbury Dartmouth College 1809
Samuel Morse Yale College 1810
William H. Prescott Harvard University 1814
Joseph Tracy Dartmouth College 1814
William H. Seward Union College 1819
Rufus Choate Dartmouth College 1819
Nathaniel Hawthorne Bowdoin College 1824
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Bowdoin College 1825
Salmon Portland Chase Dartmouth College 1826
William Strong Yale College 1828
Ralph Waldo Emerson[2] Harvard University 1828
Benjamin Robbins Curtis Harvard University 1829
Asa Fowler Dartmouth College 1833
Timothy P. Redfield Dartmouth College 1836
Morrison Remick Waite Yale College 1837
Chester A. Arthur Union College 1848
William S. Clark Amherst College 1848
Timothy Dwight V Yale College 1848
Joshua Chamberlain Bowdoin College 1852
Melville Weston Fuller Bowdoin College 1853
George Shiras Jr Yale College 1853
David Josiah Brewer Yale College 1856
Henry Billings Brown Yale College 1856
John B. Hinkson Lafayette College 1860
Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. Harvard University 1861
George Moulton Carpenter Brown University 1864
William T. Sherman[3] Dartmouth College 1866
Henry Adams[4] Harvard University 1872
Henry James[5] Harvard University 1872
William Henry Moody Harvard University 1876
Robert Peary Bowdoin College 1877
William Howard Taft Yale College 1878
John Dewey University of Vermont 1879
Theodore Roosevelt Harvard University 1880
Charles Evans Hughes Brown University 1881
Edward Bouchet Yale College 1874
John Hessin Clarke Case Western Reserve University 1877
Henry Clay Folger Amherst College 1879
George Santayana Harvard University 1886
Henry Stimson Yale University 1888
Bernard Baruch City College of New York 1889
Benjamin Cardozo Columbia College 1889
W. E. B. Du Bois Fisk University 1890
Bainbridge Colby Williams College 1890
Henrietta Swan Leavitt Radcliffe College 1892
Edward E. Wilson Williams College 1892
Learned Hand Harvard University 1893
Alexander Meiklejohn Brown University 1893
Andrew Sledd Randolph-Macon College 1894
Harlan Fiske Stone Amherst College 1894
Owen Roberts University of Pennsylvania 1895
John Barlow Brown University 1895
Louis Brandeis[6] Harvard University 1895
John D. Rockefeller Jr.[7] Brown University 1897
Richard B. Carter Harvard University 1898
Mary Annette Anderson Middlebury College 1899
John Gresham Machen Johns Hopkins University 1901
Felix Frankfurter City College of New York 1902
Elihu Root Hamilton College 1903
Stanley King Amherst College 1903
John J. Tigert Vanderbilt University 1904
Booker T. Washington[8] Harvard University 1904
Jessie Redmon Fauset Cornell University 1905
Christine Iverson Bennett[9] University of Michigan 1907
Ernest Everett Just Dartmouth College 1907
John J. Parker University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1907
William Burke Belknap Yale College 1908
John Foster Dulles Princeton University 1908
John Hall Wheelock Harvard University 1908
Owen Brewster Bowdoin College 1909
Harold Hitz Burton Bowdoin College 1909
Walter Lippmann Harvard University 1909
Harold Medina Princeton University 1909
Charles E. Dunbar Tulane University 1910
C.T. Wang Yale University 1910
Paul Douglas Bowdoin College 1913
Jane Barus Smith College 1913
Katharine Lambert Richards Rockwell Smith College 1913
Pearl Buck Randoph-Macon Woman's College 1914
James Bryant Conant Harvard University 1914
Carroll A. Edson Dartmouth College 1914
Dean Acheson Yale University 1915
Archibald MacLeish Yale University 1915
Charles Hamilton Houston Amherst College 1915
Alfred Kinsey Bowdoin College 1916
Robert Frost[10] Harvard University 1916
Irwin Edman Columbia University 1917
Jarvis Offutt Yale University 1917
Thomas Granville Pullen Jr. William & Mary 1917
Oliver Waterman Larkin Harvard University 1918
Paul Robeson[11] Rutgers University 1919
K. K. Chen University of Wisconsin-Madison 1920
William O. Douglas Whitman College 1920
Percy Lavon Julian DePauw University 1920
David E. Lilienthal DePauw University 1920
Countee Cullen New York University 1922
Nathan F. Leopold University of Chicago 1923
Herbert Brownell Jr. University of Nebraska 1924
Grayson L. Kirk Miami University 1924
Alger Hiss Johns Hopkins University 1926
Martin Dobelle Fordham University 1926
Joseph J. Spengler Ohio State University 1927
George H. Hitchings University of Washington 1927
Mildred Grosberg Bellin Smith College 1928
Grace Hopper Vassar College 1928
John C. Stennis University of Virginia 1928
Carl Sandburg[12] Harvard University 1928
Leroy Anderson Harvard University 1929
Harry Blackmun Harvard University 1929
Paul S. Dunkin DePauw University 1929
Margaret Burnham Geddes Vassar College 1929
James Michener Swarthmore College 1929
Lewis Franklin Powell Jr. Washington & Lee University 1929
Nelson Rockefeller Dartmouth College 1930
Jonas Salk City College of New York 1930
Carl Albert University of Oklahoma 1931
Dean Rusk Davidson College 1931
Fred Sington University of Alabama 1931
Edward H. Levi University of Chicago 1932
Eugene O'Neill Jr. Yale University 1932
Eugene V. Rostow Yale University 1932
Barry Wood Harvard University 1932
Paul Weston (as Paul Wetstein) Dartmouth College 1933
Frank Oppenheimer Johns Hopkins University 1933
John Howard Case Western Reserve University 1934
Daniel Boorstin Harvard University 1934
Richard Helms Williams College 1935
T. S. Eliot[13] Harvard University 1935
Milton Babbitt New York University 1936
Ed Muskie Bates College 1936
Robert McNamara University of California Berkeley 1936
Alan Lomax University of Texas 1936
Potter Stewart Yale University 1937
Byron White University of Colorado 1937
Caspar Weinberger Harvard University 1938
Doris Grumbach New York University 1939
John L. Loos University of Nebraska 1939
Nile Kinnick University of Iowa 1939
Wilma Dykeman Northwestern University 1940
Orville Freeman University of Minnesota 1940
Ella T. Grasso Mount Holyoke College 1940
Robie Macauley Kenyon College 1941
Ruth Barcan Marcus New York University 1941
Wade H. McCree Fisk University 1941
John Paul Stevens University of Chicago 1941
Betty Friedan Smith College 1942
Carl W. Gottschalk Roanoke College 1942
Jade Snow Wong Mills College 1942
George C. Baldwin Kalamazoo College 1943
James F. Howard Jr. Yale University 1943
Phyllis Schlafly Washington University 1943
Cid Corman Tufts University 1945
Frank Church Stanford University 1947
Jack St. Clair Kilby University of Illinois 1947
Peter D. Lax New York University 1947
Tom Lehrer Harvard University 1947
Robert Bork University of Chicago 1948
George H.W. Bush Yale University 1948
Edward D. White Jr. Columbia University 1948
Martin Lewis Perl Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn 1948
William Rehnquist Stanford University 1948
Judith Tobin Mount Holyoke College 1948
Brock Adams Washington University 1949
Bill Naito Reed College 1949
Edward O. Wilson University of Alabama 1949
Henry Kissinger Harvard University 1950
Marv Levy Coe College 1950
William Dickey Reed College 1951
Ursula K. Le Guin Radcliffe College 1951
Susan Sontag University of Chicago 1951
Arlen Specter University of Pennsylvania 1951
David Lee Harvard University 1952
Arthur Levitt Williams College 1952
Stephen Sondheim Williams College 1952
John Shelby Spong University of North Carolina 1952
Guido Calabresi Yale University 1953
John Hope Franklin[14] Fisk University 1953
Clive Davis New York University 1953
Paul Donnelly Paganucci Dartmouth College 1953
Thomas R. Pickering Bowdoin College 1953
Ruth Bader Ginsburg Cornell University 1954
Sheldon Glashow Cornell University 1954
Richard Lugar Denison University 1954
Victor Navasky Swarthmore College 1954
Joan Rivers Barnard College 1954
John Updike Harvard University 1954
Steven Weinberg[15] Cornell University 1954
Franklin M. Fisher Harvard University 1955
Ralph Nader Princeton University 1955
Reynolds Price Duke University 1955
John L. Hall Carnegie Mellon University 1956
Gloria Steinem Smith College 1956
Akira Iriye Haverford College 1957
Elizabeth Dole Duke University 1958
Anthony Kennedy Stanford University 1958
Kris Kristofferson Pomona College 1958
Joseph Nye Princeton University 1958
Paul Comi University of Southern California 1958
Robert Coleman Richardson Virginia Tech 1958
Stephen Breyer Stanford University 1959
Francis Ford Coppola Hofstra University 1959
John W. Dower Amherst College 1959
Bob Graham University of Florida 1959
Robert Nozick Columbia University 1959
Richard Posner Yale University 1959
Richard Lindzen Harvard University 1960
Robert E. Rubin Harvard University 1960
David H. Souter Harvard University 1960
Daniel Gillespie Rice University 1960
Lester Thurow Williams College 1960
Fay Vincent Williams College 1960
Pat Schroeder University of Minnesota 1961
Sheldon Goldman New York University 1961
Elizabeth Parr-Johnston Wellesley College 1961
Lamar Alexander Vanderbilt University 1962
Tom Brokaw University of South Dakota 1962
Lynne Cheney Colorado College 1962
Robert Christgau Dartmouth College 1962
Edward Ng University of Minnesota 1962
Barack Obama Sr. University of Hawaii 1962
Daniel C. Tsui Augustana College 1962
David L. Boren Yale University 1963
Richard Epstein Columbia University 1963
David Satcher Morehouse College 1963
John Edgar Wideman University of Pennsylvania 1963
James Woolsey Stanford University 1963
David Boies University of Redlands 1964
Michael Crichton Harvard University 1964
Leonard Bernstein[7] Harvard University 1964
Joseph Lieberman Yale University 1964
Angela Davis Brandeis University 1965
Carl Gershman[16][17] Yale University 1965
Terrence Malick Harvard University 1965
Walter Murch Johns Hopkins University 1965
W. Taylor Reveley III Princeton University 1965
Paul Wellstone University of North Carolina 1965
William Weld Harvard University 1966
Philip Lader Duke University 1966
George Smoot Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1966
Jane Harman Smith College 1966
John Postlethwait Purdue University 1966
Douglas D. Osheroff California Institute of Technology 1967
Richard Blumenthal Harvard University 1967
Janet Yellen Brown University 1967
Bill Clinton Georgetown University 1968
Michio Kaku Harvard University 1968
John C. Mather Swarthmore College 1968
Henry Paulson Dartmouth College 1968
Isaac Asimov[8] Boston University 1972
Laurie Anderson Barnard College 1969
Jon Corzine University of Illinois 1969
Hugh David Politzer University of Michigan 1969
Frank J. Fabozzi City University of New York 1969
E. Annie Proulx University of Vermont 1969
Steven Chu University of Rochester 1970
Frank Easterbrook Swarthmore College 1970
Frank Wilczek University of Chicago 1970
David Rubenstein Duke University 1970
Louis Freeh Rutgers University 1971
Michael Katze Boston University 1971
Mike Nifong University of North Carolina 1971
Pat Quinn Georgetown University 1971
Roger Tsien Harvard University 1971
Nadine Strossen Radcliffe College 1972
Samuel Alito Princeton University 1972
Robert B. Laughlin University of California Berkeley 1972
Benazir Bhutto Radcliffe College 1973
Jeb Bush University of Texas 1973
E.J. Dionne Harvard University 1973
Rita Dove Miami University 1973
Austin Ligon University of Texas 1973
Renée Montagne University of California Berkeley 1973
Diana Nyad Lake Forest College 1973
Carl Wieman Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1973
Glenn Close College of William & Mary 1974
Christie Hefner Brandeis University 1974
Condoleezza Rice University of Denver 1974
Ben Bernanke Harvard University 1975
Susan Collins St. Lawrence University 1975
Griffith R. Harsh Harvard University 1975
Harold Hongju Koh Harvard University 1975
Gale Norton University of Denver 1975
Robert Zoellick Swarthmore College 1975
Michael Burns (actor and historian) University of California, Los Angeles 1976
Lawrence B. Lindsey Bowdoin College 1976
Jack A. Goldstone Harvard University 1976
Alfredo Jocelyn-Holt Johns Hopkins University 1976
John G. Roberts Harvard University 1976
Sonia Sotomayor Princeton University 1976
Mark Warner George Washington University 1977
Dale Archer Tulane University 1978
Maurice Berger Hunter College 1978
Karen Hughes Southern Methodist University 1978
David Addington Georgetown University 1978
Paula Franzese Barnard College 1979
Debra Lehrmann University of Texas at Austin 1979
David Merritt University of Santa Clara 1979
Stavros Lambrinidis Amherst College 1984
Jennifer Granholm University of California, Berkeley 1980
Michael R. Barratt University of Washington 1981
Lynn Barry College of William & Mary 1981
Nicholas D. Kristof Harvard University 1981
Elena Kagan Princeton University 1981
Eliot Spitzer Princeton University 1981
Matthew Kramer Cornell University 1981
Jill Zimmerman Purdue University 1981
George Stephanopoulos Columbia University 1982
Kateryna Yushchenko Georgetown University 1982
Patrick Fitzgerald Amherst College 1982
David Duchovny[18] Princeton University 1982
Mark Anchor Albert University of California, Berkeley 1983
Christopher Eisgruber Princeton University 1983
Miguel Estrada Columbia University 1983
Dinesh D'Souza Dartmouth College 1983
Lisa Randall Harvard University 1984
Lee Siegel Columbia University 1984
Eric Allin Cornell Stanford University 1985
Ken Stern Haverford College 1985
Daniel Pearl Stanford University 1985
Carol Queen University of Oregon 1985
Anne Applebaum Yale University 1986
Jeff Bezos Princeton University 1986
Sabine Hyland Cornell University 1986
Susan Rice Stanford University 1986
Rafael Resendes University of California, Berkeley 1987
Laura J. Snyder Brandeis University 1987
Paul Clement Georgetown University 1988
KellyAnne Conway Trinity Washington University 1989
Eudora Welty[8] Millsaps College 1989
Ashley Judd University of Kentucky 1990
Rosa Brooks Harvard University 1990
Joshua Redman Harvard University 1991
Paul Adelstein Bowdoin College 1991
Peter R. Orszag Princeton University 1991
Carson Kressley Gettysburg College 1991
Jimmy Carter[19] Kansas State University 1991
Dena Grayson University of Florida 1991
Julie Story Byerley Rhodes College 1992
Doris Eaton Travis University of Oklahoma 1992
Benjamin Radford University of New Mexico 1993
Stephanie Herseth Sandlin Georgetown University 1993
Bobby Jindal Brown University 1993
Frank Wagner City College of New York 1993
Matt Sherman University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1994
Amy Coney Barrett Rhodes College 1994
Robb LaKritz University of Michigan 1994
Sasha Soreff Barnard College 1994
Burton Rocks Stony Brook University 1994
Mamphela Ramphele[20] Harvard University 1994
Fred Rogers[21] Carnegie Mellon University 1995
Griff Aldrich Hampden-Sydney College 1996
Matthew Kleban Reed College 1996
Andrew Mueller University of California, Santa Cruz 1996
Dan O'Brien (playwright) Middlebury College 1996
Emily Bergl Grinnell College 1997
Richard Carrier University of California, Berkeley 1997
Susan Haack[22] University of Miami 1997
Peyton Manning[23] University of Tennessee 1997
Michael Schur Harvard University 1997
Kerry Washington George Washington University 1998
Sufjan Stevens Hope College 1998
Brad Delson University of California, Los Angeles 1999
Rita Ng[24] Stanford University 2000
Heidi Cruz[25] Claremont McKenna College 2000
Pete Buttigieg[26] Harvard University 2004
Ben Shapiro University of California, Los Angeles 2004
Rivers Cuomo Harvard University 2006
Lena Park Columbia University 2010
Kurt Hugo Schneider Yale University 2010
Annie E. Clark University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 2011
Tamar Kaprelian[27][28] Columbia University 2016

Honorary members[edit]

Fictional members[edit]

Ellis Loew, fictional District Attorney in James Ellroy's novels The Black Dahlia, The Big Nowhere, and L.A. Confidential is a member of Phi Beta Kappa, and he shows his key several times.

In the movie The Thomas Crown Affair, the main character Thomas Crown toys with his golden Phi Beta Kappa key which he is wearing on a chain. It is stated that he is an alumnus of Dartmouth College and Harvard Business School.

In Desk Set (1957), Katharine Hepburn reels off all of Spencer Tracy's character's accomplishments and says that he's a graduate of M.I.T. with a Ph.D. in Science and a Phi Beta Kappa, although he doesn't wear his key, which means either that he's modest or he lost it.

In the TV show Queen Sugar, the character Charley Bordelon West is a Phi Beta Kappa member.[44] This is referenced when she has to correct someone who incorrectly refers to it as a social fraternity.[45]

In the TV show Gilmore Girls Rory Gilmore is referenced as a member in Emily and Richard Gilmore's graduation musical duo.

In the TV show The Big Bang Theory Emily Sweeney is revealed as a Phi Beta Kappa member. It is said to have been apparent on her online dating profile viewed by Rajesh Koothrappali.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Phi Beta Kappa. Massachusetts Alpha (Harvard University) (1912). Catalogue of the Harvard Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa, Alpha of Massachusetts. Harvard University. p. 5. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  2. ^ "web.csulb.edu/divisions/aa/phibetakappa/". web.csulb.edu. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  3. ^ "Notable Fellow Phi Beta Kappa Members". bgsu.edu. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  4. ^ "Who Is a Member of PBK? - PBK - UNCG". phibetakappa.uncg.edu. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  5. ^ "Phi Beta Kappa | Willamette University". willamette.edu. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  6. ^ https://www.pbk.org/WEB/pbkdocs/Phi%20Beta%20Kappa%20Supreme%20Court%20Justices.pdf
  7. ^ a b "Phi Beta Kappa : The Colonial Williamsburg Official History & Citizenship Site". history.org. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  8. ^ a b c d e "Phi Beta Kappa: Alpha of Delaware Chapter | HONORS PROGRAMHONORS PROGRAM". sites.udel.edu. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  9. ^ Franklin, James Henry (1919). Ministers of mercy. New York: Methodist Book Concern.
  10. ^ Tuten, N.L.; Zubizarreta, J. (2001). The Robert Frost Encyclopedia. Greenwood Press. p. 15. ISBN 9780313294648. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  11. ^ "PAUL ROBESON, a brief biography". cpsr.cs.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  12. ^ Callahan, N. (2010). Carl Sandburg: His Life and Works. Pennsylvania State University Press. p. 33. ISBN 9780271038179. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  13. ^ a b "Instagram". instagram.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  14. ^ "John Hope Franklin » John Hope Franklin". jhfcenter.org. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  15. ^ https://web2.ph.utexas.edu/~weintech/CVSW0416.pdf
  16. ^ Conference on World affairs, University of Colorado (29 March – 2 April 1971), Who is who: 24th annual conference on world affairs (PDF), Boulder, Colorado: Prosopography Archive, Conference on World Affairs Archives at Norlin Library, University of Colorado, p. 1, archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2011
  17. ^ Reed, Dale (1999), Register of the Carl Gershman Papers (PDF), Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University, archived from the original (pdf) on 7 August 2011, retrieved 13 August 2011
  18. ^ "PBK Famous Members". depts.washington.edu. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  19. ^ https://www.pbk.org/WEB/pbkdocs/Phi%20Beta%20Kappa%20Presidents%20.pdf
  20. ^ "Things you may not know about Mamphela Ramphele - Sowetan LIVE". sowetanlive.co.za. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  21. ^ "Key Reporter August 1995" (PDF). keyreporter.org. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
  22. ^ http://mals.fiu.edu/news/2013/guest-lecture/wholetruth.pdf
  23. ^ "Plain and Simply Outstanding". ESPN. Retrieved 1 December 2013. He graduated Phi Beta Kappa in three years.
  24. ^ "Meet Miss California 2000, Rita Ng". Miss California. Archived from the original on 4 May 2009. Retrieved 1 December 2013. At Stanford, Rita graduated with a 3.99 GPA (honors distinction) and was named to Phi Beta Kappa.
  25. ^ Parker, Ashley (October 23, 2013). "A Wife Committed to Cruz's Ideals, but a Study in Contrasts to Him". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  26. ^ "Phi Beta Kappa elects 92 seniors to Harvard chapter". Harvard Gazette. June 10, 2004. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
  27. ^ Tamar Kaprelian [@TamarKaprelian] (13 May 2016). "🎓. @Columbia" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  28. ^ https://twitter.com/TamarKaprelian/status/834991031049420800
  29. ^ "Phi Beta Kappa Authors". The Phi Beta Kappa Key. 5 (6): 411–414. 1924. JSTOR 42913945.
  30. ^ a b c d e "www.pbk.org/WEB/PBK_Member/MEMBERSHIP/PBK_Member/Membership/Phi_Beta_Kappa_Membership.aspx?hkey=5795c605-a3ff-4d66-a110-31e1fcec17dc". pbk.org. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  31. ^ a b c d e https://www.pbk.org/WEB/pbkdocs/PBKPresidents.pdf
  32. ^ a b c "Phi Beta Kappa : The Colonial Williamsburg Official History & Citizenship Site". history.org. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  33. ^ Topham, P'nina. "Phi Beta Kappa, Nation's Most Prestigious Honor Society, Installs Chapter at the University of Houston". University of Houston. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
  34. ^ "The Phi Beta Kappa Society Installs 285th Chapter at Mercer University". The Phi Beta Kappa Society. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
  35. ^ "Catalogue of Members: Harvard members elected from 1966-1981" (PDF). Harvard College Phi Beta Kappa. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  36. ^ Sieden, L. Steven (2011). "Biography of R. Buckminster Fuller - Section 4: 1947 - 1976". BuckyFullerNow.com. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  37. ^ Williams, Lewis Caleb; Atwater, George Parkin (1899). "Catalogue of the Kenyon Chapter (Beta of Ohio) of Phi Beta Kappa". John C. Rankin Co. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
  38. ^ Office of the Governor General of Canada (24 May 2013). "Governor General to Visit Boston and New York City". Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 11 July 2013.
  39. ^ Roosevelt, Eleanor. "My Day: December 12, 1942". The My Day Project. The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers Project. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
  40. ^ "WEB/PBK_Member/PRESSROOM/Press_Releases/Oregon_State_University". pbk.org. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  41. ^ https://www.pbk.org/justices
  42. ^ http://phibetakappa.tumblr.com/post/182112569558/remembering-phi-beta-kappa-member-and-poet-mary
  43. ^ https://www.facebook.com/phibetakappa/photos/a.172980888836/10156034966253837/?type=3&theater
  44. ^ "www.vogue.com/13472914/queen-sugar-ava-duvernay-review/". vogue.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  45. ^ "01x01 - First Things First - Queen Sugar Transcripts - Forever Dreaming". transcripts.foreverdreaming.org. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
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