List of presidents of Syria

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This is a list of Presidents of Syria since 1920.

Keys

Meaning
Acting president.
align=center style="background-color:Template:National Bloc (Syria)/meta/color; color:white;" | National Bloc
align=center style="background-color:Template:National Party (Syria)/meta/color; color:white;" | National Party
align=center style="background-color:Template:Syrian Social Nationalist Party/meta/color; color:white;" | Syrian Social Nationalist Party
align=center style="background-color:Template:Military Rule/meta/color; color:white;" | Military
align=center style="background-color:Template:Arab Liberation Movement/meta/color; color:white;" | Arab Liberation Movement
align=center style="background-color:Template:National Union (United Arab Republic)/meta/color; color:white;" | National Union
align=center style="background-color:Template:People's Party (Syria)/meta/color; color:white;" | People's Party
align=center style="background-color:Template:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region/meta/color; color:white;" | Syrian Regional Branch
(Ba'ath Party / Syrian Ba'ath Party)

Presidents

State of Syria, part of the French Mandate (1922–1930)

Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Took office Left office Political party Note(s)
1 Subhi Barakat
(1883–1939)
28 June 1922 21 December 1925 Independent
François Pierre-Alype
(1853–1932)
9 February 1926 28 April 1926 Independent
2
Ahmad Nami
(1840–1928)
28 April 1926 15 February 1928 Independent
Taj al-Din al-Hasani
(1885–1943)
15 February 1928 14 May 1930 Independent

Syrian Republic, part of the French Mandate (1930–1945)

Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Took office Left office Political party Note(s)
Taj al-Din al-Hasani
(1885–1943)
14 May 1930 19 November 1931 Independent
Léon Solomiac
(1873–1960)
19 November 1931 11 June 1932 Independent
3 Muhammad Ali al-Abid
(1867–1939)
11 June 1932 21 December 1936 Independent
4 Hashim al-Atassi
(1875–1960)
21 December 1936 7 July 1939 National Bloc style="background-color:Template:National Bloc (Syria)/meta/color; color:white;" |
5 Bahij al-Khatib
(1895–1981)
10 July 1939 4 April 1941 Independent
Khalid al-Azm
(1903–1965)
4 April 1941 16 September 1941 Independent
6 Taj al-Din al-Hasani
(1885–1943)
16 September 1941 17 January 1943 Independent Hasani died in office.[1]
Jamil al-Ulshi
(1883–1951)
17 January 1943 25 March 1943 Independent
7 Ata al-Ayyubi
(1877–1951)
25 March 1943 17 August 1943 Independent
8 Shukri al-Quwatli
(1891–1967)
17 August 1943 24 October 1945 National Bloc style="background-color:Template:National Bloc (Syria)/meta/color; color:white;" |

Syrian Republic (1945–1958)

Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Took office Left office Political party Note(s)
8 Shukri al-Quwatli
(1891–1967)
24 October 1945 29 March 1949 National Bloc /
National Party
style="background-color:Template:National Bloc (Syria)/meta/color; color:white;" | Quwatli was ousted from power on 29 March 1949 by Husni al-Za'im, his Chief of Staff.[2]
9 Husni al-Za'im
(1897–1949)
30 March 1949 14 August 1949 Syrian Social Nationalist Party style="background-color:Template:Syrian Social Nationalist Party/meta/color; color:white;" | Za'im was overthrown by a military coup in 1949 led by Adib Shishakli, he was later executed on the orders of the new government.[3]
10 Sami al-Hinnawi
(1898–1950)
14 August 1949 15 August 1949 Military style="background:Template:Military Rule/meta/color; color:white;" |
4 Hashim al-Atassi
(1875–1960)
15 August 1949 2 December 1951 National Party style="background-color:Template:National Party (Syria)/meta/color; color:white;" |
Adib Shishakli
(1909–1964)
2 December 1951 3 December 1951 Syrian Social Nationalist Party style="background-color:Template:Syrian Social Nationalist Party/meta/color; color:white;" |
11 Fawzi Selu
(1905–1972)
3 December 1951 11 July 1953 Military style="background:Template:Military Rule/meta/color; color:white;" |
12 Adib Shishakli
(1909–1964)
11 July 1953 25 February 1954 Arab Liberation Movement style="background-color:Template:Arab Liberation Movement/meta/color; color:white;" | Shishakli resigned from office because of threats of a coup in 1954.[4] He fled the country, claiming that he did not want the country to fall into a civil war.[4]
Maamun al-Kuzbari
(1914–1998)
25 February 1954 28 February 1954 Independent
4 Hashim al-Atassi
(1875–1960)
28 February 1954 6 September 1955 National Party style="background-color:Template:National Party (Syria)/meta/color; color:white;" |
8 Shukri al-Quwatli
(1891–1967)
6 September 1955 22 February 1958 National Party style="background-color:Template:National Party (Syria)/meta/color; color:white;" |

United Arab Republic (1958–1961)

Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Took office Left office Political party Note(s)
13 Gamal Abdel Nasser
(1918–1970)
22 February 1958 29 September 1961 National Union style="background:Template:National Union (United Arab Republic)/meta/color; color:white;" |

Syrian Arab Republic (1961–present)

Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Took office Left office Political party Note(s)
Maamun al-Kuzbari
(1914–1998)
29 September 1961 20 November 1961 Independent
Izzat al-Nuss
(1900–1972)
20 November 1961 14 December 1961 Military style="background:Template:Military Rule/meta/color; color:white;" |
14 Nazim al-Kudsi
(1906–1998)
14 December 1961 8 March 1963 People's Party style="background-color:Template:People's Party (Syria)/meta/color; color:white;" | The 1963 Syrian coup d'état, an event known as the 8th of March Revolution, toppled Nazim al-Kudsi and brought the National Council for the Revolutionary Command (NCRC) to government, although real power lay with the Ba'athist Military Committee, which organized the coup.[5]
15 Lu'ay al-Atassi
(1926–2003)
9 March 1963 27 July 1963 Independent Lu'ay al-Atassi was appointed president by the NCRC because he posed no threat to the Military Committee's power.[6] He resigned after high-ranking non-Ba'athist officers were purged.[7]
16 Amin al-Hafiz
(1921–2009)
27 July 1963 23 February 1966 Ba'ath Party
(Syria Region)
style="background-color:Template:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region/meta/color; color:white;" | Amin al-Hafiz was overthrown by the Military Committee because of his support for Michel Aflaq and the National Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party.[8]
17 Nureddin al-Atassi
(1929–1992)
25 February 1966 18 November 1970 Syrian Ba'ath Party
(Syria Region)
style="background-color:Template:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region/meta/color; color:white;" | Nureddin al-Atassi was overthrown when a falling out occurred between Salah Jadid, the real ruler of Syria from 1966 to 1970, and Hafez al-Assad, the Minister of Defense.[9] Assad initiated a coup in 1970.[10]
Ahmad al-Khatib
(1933–1982)
18 November 1970 22 February 1971 Syrian Ba'ath Party
(Syria Region)
style="background-color:Template:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region/meta/color; color:white;" |
18 Hafez al-Assad
(1930–2000)
22 February 1971 10 June 2000 Syrian Ba'ath Party
(Syria Region)
style="background-color:Template:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region/meta/color; color:white;" | Assad died in office.[11]
Abdul Halim Khaddam
(1932–)
10 June 2000 17 July 2000 Syrian Ba'ath Party
(Syria Region)
style="background-color:Template:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region/meta/color; color:white;" |
19 Bashar al-Assad
(1965–)
17 July 2000 Incumbent Syrian Ba'ath Party
(Syria Region)
style="background-color:Template:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region/meta/color; color:white;" |

See also

References

General
  1. ^ Moubayed 2006, p. 345.
  2. ^ Moubayed 2006, p. 311.
  3. ^ Moubayed 2006, p. 610.
  4. ^ a b Moubayed 2006, p. 339.
  5. ^ Moubayed 2006, p. 133.
  6. ^ Moubayed 2006, p. 175.
  7. ^ Rabinovich 1972, p. 72.
  8. ^ Seale 1990, pp. 99–101.
  9. ^ Seale 1990, pp. 142–144.
  10. ^ Seale 1990, pp. 162–163.
  11. ^ Moubayed 2006, pp. 154–155.
Bibliography
  • Moubayed, Sami M. (2006). Steel & Silk: Men and Women who shaped Syria 1900–2000. Cune Press. ISBN 1-885942-40-0.
  • Seale, Patrick (1990). Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520069763.