List of South American animals extinct in the Holocene
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This is a list of extinct animals of South America, animals that became extinct in the Holocene Epoch in South America.
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Map of South America
Mammals[edit]
Prehistoric mammal extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 C.E.)
| Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image|- |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antifer Antifer crassus |
11,000 | Argentina, Brazil and Chile | -- |
| Arctotherium Arctotherium sp. |
11,000 | South America | 
|
| Canis nehringi |
8,000 | South America | -- |
| Cuvieronius Cuvieronius sp. |
4,000 | South America | 
|
| Dire wolf Aenocyon dirus |
11,000 | South America | 
|
| Ground sloths Catonyx Eremotherium Glossotherium Lestodon Megatherium Mylodon Nematherium Nothrotherium Scelidotherium |
6,000 | South America | 
|
| Glyptodonts Doedicurus Eleutherocercus Glyptodon Hoplophorus Lomaphorus Panochthus |
11,000 | South America | .jpg)
|
| Hippidion |
10,000 | South America | 
|
| Macrauchenia Macrauchenia sp. |
10,000 | South America | .jpg)
|
| Neochoerus Neochoerus sp. |
10,000 | South America | -- |
| Notiomastodon Notiomastodon platensis |
10,000 | South America | 
|
| Saber-toothed cat Smilodon populator |
10,000 | northern South America | 
|
| Stout-legged llama Palaeolama mirifica |
10,000 | South America | -- |
| Theriodictis Theriodictis sp. |
11,000 | Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay | -- |
| Toxodon Toxodon sp. |
16,500 | South America | 
|
| Xenorhinotherium Xenorhinotherium bahiensis |
10,000 | Brazil and Venezuela | -- |
Recent mammal extinctions (1500 C.E. to the present)
| Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Candango mouse Juscelinomys candango[1] |
1960 |
Brazil | -- |
| Caribbean monk seal Monachus tropicalis[2] |
1952 |
the Caribbean Sea | 
|
| Darwin's Galápagos mouse Nesoryzomys darwini[3] |
1929 |
Ecuador (the Galápagos Islands) | -- |
| Falkland Islands wolf Dusicyon australis[4] |
1876 |
the United Kingdom (the Falkland Islands) | 
|
| Galápagos giant rat Megaoryzomys curioi[5] |
unknown |
Ecuador (the Galápagos Islands) | 
|
| Indefatigable Galápagos mouse Nesoryzomys indefessus[6] |
the 1930s |
Ecuador (the Galápagos Islands) | -- |
| Giant vampire bat Desmodus draculae [7] |
unknown |
Bolivia, Brazil and Venezuela | |
| Peruvian viscacha Lagostomus crassus[8] |
before 1910 |
Peru | -- |
| Red-bellied gracile opossum Cryptonanus ignitus[9] |
1962 |
Argentina | -- |
| Vespucci's rodent Noronhomys vespuccii[10] |
1503? |
Brazil | -- |
Possibly extinct mammals
| Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| One-striped opossum Monodelphis unistriata) [11] |
1899 |
Argentina and Brazil | -- |
| Pacific degu Octodon pacificus[12] |
1994 |
Mocha Island, Chile | -- |
| Zuniga's dark rice rat Melanomys zunigae [13] |
1942 |
Peru | -- |
Birds[edit]
Recent bird extinctions (1500 C.E. to the present)
| Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alejandro Selkirk Island firecrown Sephanoides fernandensis leyboldi |
1908 |
Chile | 
|
| Colombian grebe Podiceps andinus |
1970 |
Colombia | -- |
| Darwin's ground finch Geospiza magnirostris magnirostris |
1957 |
Ecuador (the Galápagos Islands) | -- |
| Niceforo's pintail Anas georgica niceforoi |
1952 |
Colombia | -- |
| San Cristóbal vermilion flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus dubius |
the 1980s |
Ecuador (the Galápagos Islands) | -- |
| Red-throated wood-rail Aramides gutturalis |
1843 |
Peru | 
|
Possibly extinct birds
| Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eskimo curlew Numenius borealis |
1939 (South America), 1962 (North America) |
Brazil, Argentina, Perú and Chile | 
|
| Glaucous macaw Anodorhynchus glaucus |
the 1960s |
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay | 
|
| Hooded seedeater Sporophila melanops |
1823 |
Brazil | -- |
| Letitia's thorntail Discosura letitiae |
1852 |
Bolivia | 
|
| Turquoise-throated puffleg Eriocnemis godini |
1850 |
Colombia and Ecuador | 
|
Amphibians[edit]
Recent amphibian extinctions (1500 C.E. to the present)
| Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Atelopus vogli[14] | 1933 |
Venezuela | -- |
| Spiny-knee leaf frog Phrynomedusa fimbriata[15] |
the 1920s |
Brazil | -- |
Possibly extinct amphibians
| Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chile Darwin's frog Rhinoderma rufum[16] |
1980 |
Chile | -- |
Reptiles[edit]
Recent reptile extinctions (1500 C.E. to the present)
| Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Charles Island tortoise Chelonoidis nigra[17] |
1850 |
Ecuador (the Galápagos Islands) | 
|
| Pinta Island tortoise Chelonoidis abingdonii[18] |
June 24, 2012 |
Ecuador (the Galápagos Islands) | 
|
Fish[edit]
Recent fish extinctions (1500 C.E. to the present)
| Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Greasefish Rhizosomichthys totae[19] |
unknown |
Colombia | -- |
| Titicaca orestias Orestias cuvieri[20] |
1930s |
Lake Titicaca, Bolivia and Peru | 
|
Mollusks[edit]
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Biotocus turbinatus |
unknown |
Brazil | 
|
| Digerus gibberulus |
unknown |
Brazil | -- |
| Littoridina gaudichaudii |
1933 |
Ecuador | 
|
| Megalobulimus cardosoi |
unknown |
Brazil | -- |
Worms[edit]
- Rhinodrilus fafner
1912, Brazil
Insects[edit]
- Megadytes ducalis[21]
unknown, Brazil - Rhantus orbignyi[22]
unknown, Argentina and Brazil
See also[edit]
- List of North American animals extinct in the Holocene
- List of extinct animals
- List of extinct birds
- Extinct in the wild
- Lazarus taxon
References[edit]
- ^ Leite, Y. & Patterson, B. (2008). "Juscelinomys candango (Candango Mouse)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- ^ Kovacs, K. (2008). "Monachus tropicalis (Caribbean Monk Seal, West Indian Monk Seal, West Indian Seal)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 21, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- ^ Tirira, D.; Dowler, R.; Boada, C. & Weksler, M. (2008). "Nesoryzomys darwini (Darwin's Galapagos Mouse)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- ^ IUCN SSC Canid Specialist Group (2008). "Dusicyon australis (Falkland Island Wolf, Falklands Wolf)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- ^ Weksler, M. & Tirira, D. (2008). "Megaoryzomys curioi (Galapágos Giant Rat)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 17, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- ^ Tirira, D.; Dowler, R.; Boada, C. & Weksler, M. (2008). "Nesoryzomys indefessus (Indefatigable Galapagos Mouse)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- ^ Turvey, S. (2008). "Desmodus draculae (Giant Vampire Bat)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- ^ Amori, G. & Schipper, J. (2008). "Lagostomus crassus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- ^ Diaz M. & Barquez, R. (2008). "\Cryptonanus ignitus (Red-bellied Gracile Mouse Opossum, Red-bellied Gracile Opossum)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- ^ Weksler, M. & Costa, L. (2008). "Noronhomys vespuccii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- ^ Flores, D. & Teta, P. (1996). "Monodelphis unistriata (One-striped Opossum, One-striped Short-tailed Opossum, Single-striped Opossum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 20, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- ^ Ojeda, R. & Bidau, C. (2008). "Octodon pacificus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- ^ Zeballos, H. & Vivar, E. (1996). "Melanomys zunigae (Zuniga's Dark Rice Rat)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 20, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- ^ Stefan Lötters; Enrique La Marca; Miguel Vences (2004). "54561". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- ^ Carlos Alberto Gonçalves da Cruz; Bruno Pimenta (2004). "Phrynomedusa fimbriata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- ^ Alberto Veloso; Herman Núñez; Helen Díaz-Paéz; Ramón Formas (2010). "Rhinoderma rufum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- ^ Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group (1996). "Chelonoidis nigra ssp. nigra (Charles Island Tortoise)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 25, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- ^ Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group (1996). "Chelonoidis nigra ssp. abingdoni (Abingdon Island Tortoise)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 25, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Rhizosomichthys totae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 29, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Orestias cuvieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 29, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Megadytes ducalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 25, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Rhantus orbignyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 25, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Bibliographies[edit]
- BirdLife International (2005) Species factsheet: Calyptura cristata. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 25/3/2006
- IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 24 March 2006.
- Maas, P.H.J. 2005. Rediscovered Animals. The Extinction Website. Downloaded from https://web.archive.org/web/20111013123736/http://extinct.petermaas.nl/ on 25/3/2006