List of South American animals extinct in the Holocene
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This is a list of extinct animals of South America. Animals that became extinct in the Holocene period in South America.
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Map of South America
Contents
Mammals[edit]
Prehistoric mammal extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 C.E.)
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Smilodon Smilodon populator |
10,000 BC |
Northern South America | 
|
| Antifer Antifer crassus |
11,000 BC |
Argentina, Brazil and Chile | -- |
| Arctotherium Arctotherium sp. |
11,000 BC |
South America | 
|
| Canis nehringi |
8,000 BC |
South America | -- |
| Cuvieronius Cuvieronius sp. |
4,000 BC |
South America | 
|
| Dire wolf Canis dirus |
11,000 BC |
South America | 
|
| Ground sloths Catonyx Eremotherium Glossotherium Lestodon Megatherium Nematherium Nothrotherium Scelidotherium |
6,000 BC |
South America | 
|
| Glyptodonts Doedicurus Eleutherocercus Glyptodon Hoplophorus Lomaphorus Panochthus |
11,000 BC |
South America | .jpg)
|
| Hippidion |
10,000 BC |
South America | 
|
| Macrauchenia Macrauchenia sp. |
10,000 BC |
South America | .jpg)
|
| Neochoerus Neochoerus sp. |
10,000 BC |
South America | -- |
| Stegomastodon Stegomastodon sp. |
10,000 BC |
South America | 
|
| Stout-legged llama Palaeolama mirifica |
10,000 BC |
South America | -- |
| Theriodictis Theriodictis sp. |
11,000 BC |
Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay | -- |
| Toxodon Toxodon sp. |
16,500 BC |
South America | 
|
| Xenorhinotherium Xenorhinotherium bahiensis |
10,000 BC |
Brazil and Venezuela | -- |
Recent mammal extinctions (1500 C.E. to the present)
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Candango mouse Juscelinomys candango[1] |
1960 |
Brazil | -- |
| Caribbean monk seal Monachus tropicalis[2] |
1952 |
Caribbean Sea | 
|
| Darwin's Galapagos mouse Nesoryzomys darwini[3] |
1929 |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) | -- |
| Falkland Islands wolf Dusicyon australis[4] |
1876 |
United Kingdom (Falkland Islands) | 
|
| Galápagos giant rat Megaoryzomys curioi[5] |
unknown |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) | 
|
| Indefatigable Galapagos mouse Nesoryzomys indefessus[6] |
1930s |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) | -- |
| Giant vampire bat Desmodus draculae [7] |
unknown |
Bolivia, Brazil and Venezuela | |
| Peruvian viscacha Lagostomus crassus[8] |
before 1910 |
Peru | -- |
| Red-bellied gracile opossum Cryptonanus ignitus[9] |
1962 |
Argentina | -- |
| Vespucci's rodent Noronhomys vespuccii[10] |
1503? |
Brazil | -- |
Possibly extinct mammals
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| One-striped opossum Monodelphis unistriata) [11] |
1899 |
Argentina & Brazil | -- |
| Pacific degu Octodon pacificus[12] |
1994 |
Mocha Island, Chile | -- |
| Zuniga's dark rice rat Melanomys zunigae [13] |
1942 |
Peru | -- |
Birds[edit]
Recent bird extinctions (1500 C.E. to the present)
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alejandro Selkirk Island firecrown Sephanoides fernandensis leyboldi |
1908 |
Chile | 
|
| Colombian grebe Podiceps andinus |
1970 |
Colombia | -- |
| Darwin's ground finch Geospiza magnirostris magnirostris |
1957 |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) | -- |
| Niceforo's pintail Anas georgica niceforoi |
1952 |
Colombia | -- |
| San Cristóbal vermilion flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus dubius |
1980s |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) | -- |
| Red-throated wood-rail Aramides gutturalis |
1843 |
Peru | 
|
Possibly extinct birds
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antioquia brush finch Atlapetes blancae |
1971 |
Colombia | -- |
| Bogota sunangel Heliangelus zusii |
1907 |
Colombia | -- |
| Northern curlew Numenius borealis |
1939 (South America), 1962 (North America) |
Brazil and Argentina | 
|
| Glaucous macaw Anodorhynchus glaucus |
1960s |
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay | 
|
| Hooded seedeater Sporophila melanops |
1823 |
Brazil | -- |
| Letitia's thorntail Discosura letitiae |
1852 |
Bolivia | 
|
| Turquoise-throated puffleg Eriocnemis godini |
1850 |
Colombia and Ecuador | 
|
Amphibians[edit]
Recent amphibian extinctions (1500 C.E. to the present)
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Atelopus vogli[14] | 1933 |
Venezuela | -- |
| Spiny-knee leaf frog Phrynomedusa fimbriata[15] |
1920s |
Brazil | -- |
Possibly extinct amphibians
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chile Darwin's frog Rhinoderma rufum[16] |
1980 |
Chile | -- |
Reptiles[edit]
Recent reptile extinctions (1500 C.E. to the present)
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Charles Island tortoise Chelonoidis nigra[17] |
1850 |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) | 
|
| Pinta Island tortoise Chelonoidis abingdonii[18] |
June 24, 2012 |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) | 
|
Fish[edit]
Recent fish extinctions (1500 C.E. to the present)
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Greasefish Rhizosomichthys totae[19] |
unknown |
Colombia | -- |
| Titicaca orestias Orestias cuvieri[20] |
1930s |
Lake Titicaca, Bolivia and Peru | 
|
Mollusks[edit]
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Biotocus turbinatus |
unknown |
Brazil | 
|
| Digerus gibberulus |
unknown |
Brazil | -- |
| Littoridina gaudichaudii |
1933 |
Ecuador | 
|
| Megalobulimus cardosoi |
unknown |
Brazil | -- |
Worms[edit]
- Rhinodrilus fafner
1912, Brazil
Insects[edit]
- Megadytes ducalis[21]
unknown, Brazil - Rhantus orbignyi[22]
unknown, Argentina and Brazil
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- BirdLife International (2005) Species factsheet: Calyptura cristata. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 25/3/2006
- IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 24 March 2006.
- Maas, P.H.J. 2005. Rediscovered Animals. The Extinction Website. Downloaded from http://extinct.petermaas.nl on 25/3/2006
- ^ Leite, Y. & Patterson, B. (2008). "Juscelinomys candango (Candango Mouse)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
- ^ Kovacs, K. (2008). "Monachus tropicalis (Caribbean Monk Seal, West Indian Monk Seal, West Indian Seal)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 21, 2013.
- ^ Tirira, D.; Dowler, R.; Boada, C. & Weksler, M. (2008). "Nesoryzomys darwini (Darwin's Galapagos Mouse)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
- ^ IUCN SSC Canid Specialist Group (2008). "Dusicyon australis (Falkland Island Wolf, Falklands Wolf)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
- ^ Weksler, M. & Tirira, D. (2008). "Megaoryzomys curioi (Galapágos Giant Rat)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
- ^ Tirira, D.; Dowler, R.; Boada, C. & Weksler, M. (2008). "Nesoryzomys indefessus (Indefatigable Galapagos Mouse)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
- ^ Turvey, S. (2008). "Desmodus draculae (Giant Vampire Bat)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
- ^ Amori, G. & Schipper, J. (2008). "Lagostomus crassus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
- ^ Diaz M. & Barquez, R. (2008). "\Cryptonanus ignitus (Red-bellied Gracile Mouse Opossum, Red-bellied Gracile Opossum)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
- ^ Weksler, M. & Costa, L. (2008). "Noronhomys vespuccii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
- ^ Flores, D. & Teta, P. (1996). "Monodelphis unistriata (One-striped Opossum, One-striped Short-tailed Opossum, Single-striped Opossum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
- ^ Ojeda, R. & Bidau, C. (2008). "Octodon pacificus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
- ^ Zeballos, H. & Vivar, E. (1996). "Melanomys zunigae (Zuniga's Dark Rice Rat)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
- ^ Stefan Lötters; Enrique La Marca; Miguel Vences (2004). "54561". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- ^ Carlos Alberto Gonçalves da Cruz; Bruno Pimenta (2004). "Phrynomedusa fimbriata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- ^ Alberto Veloso; Herman Núñez; Helen Díaz-Paéz; Ramón Formas (2010). "Rhinoderma rufum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- ^ Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group (1996). "Chelonoidis nigra ssp. nigra (Charles Island Tortoise)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 25, 2013.
- ^ Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group (1996). "Chelonoidis nigra ssp. abingdoni (Abingdon Island Tortoise)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 25, 2013.
- ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Rhizosomichthys totae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 29, 2013.
- ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Orestias cuvieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 29, 2013.
- ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Megadytes ducalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 25, 2013.
- ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Rhantus orbignyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 25, 2013.
