List of South American animals extinct in the Holocene
This is a list of extinct animals of South America. Animals that became extinct in the Holocene period in South America.
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Map of South America
Contents
Mammals[edit]
Prehistoric extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 AD)
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amazonian smilodon Smilodon populator |
10,000 BC |
Northern South America |  |
| Antifer Antifer crassus |
11000 BC |
Argentina, Brazil and Chile | -- |
| Arctotherium Arctotherium sp. |
11000 BC |
South America |  |
| Canis nehringi |
8000 BC |
South America | -- |
| Cuvieronius Cuvieronius sp. |
4000 BC |
South America |  |
| Dire wolf Canis dirus |
11000 BC |
South America |  |
| Ground sloths Catonyx Eremotherium Glossotherium Lestodon Megatherium Nematherium Nothrotherium Scelidotherium |
6000 BC |
South America |  |
| Glyptodontidaes Doedicurus Eleutherocercus Glyptodon Hoplophorus Lomaphorus Panochthus |
11000 BC |
South America | .jpg) |
| Hippidion |
10000 BC |
South America |  |
| Macrauchenia Macrauchenia sp. |
10000 BC |
South America |  |
| Neochoerus Neochoerus sp. |
10000 BC |
South America | -- |
| Stegomastodon Stegomastodon sp. |
10000 BC |
South America |  |
| Stout-legged llama Palaeolama mirifica |
10000 BC |
South America | -- |
| Theriodictis Theriodictis sp. |
11000 BC |
Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay | -- |
| Toxodon Toxodon sp. |
16500 BC |
South America |  |
| Xenorhinotherium Xenorhinotherium bahiensis |
10000 BC |
Brazil and Venezuela | -- |
Recent extinctions (1500 AD to present)
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Candango mouse Juscelinomys candango[1] |
1960 |
Brazil | -- |
| Caribbean monk seal Monachus tropicalis[2] |
1952 |
Caribbean Sea |  |
| Darwin's rice rat Nesoryzomys darwini[3] |
1929 |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) | -- |
| Falkland Island wolf Dusicyon australis[4] |
1876 |
United Kingdom (Falkland Islands) |  |
| Galápagos giant rat Megaoryzomys curioi[5] |
Unknown |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) |  |
| Indefatigable Galapagos mouse Nesoryzomys indefessus[6] |
1930s |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) | -- |
| Giant vampire bat Desmodus draculae [7] |
Unknown |
Bolivia, Brazil & Venezuela | -- |
| Peruvian viscacha Lagostomus crassus[8] |
Before 1910 |
Peru | -- |
| Red-bellied gracile opossum Cryptonanus ignitus[9] |
1962 |
Argentina | -- |
| Vespucci's rodent Noronhomys vespuccii[10] |
1503? |
Brazil | -- |
Possibly extinct
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| One-striped opossum Monodelphis unistriata) [11] |
1899 |
Argentina & Brazil | -- |
| Pacific degu Octodon pacificus[12] |
1994 |
Mocha Island, Chile | -- |
| Zuniga's dark rice rat Melanomys zunigae [13] |
1942 |
Peru | -- |
Birds[edit]
| Alejandro Selkirk Island Firecrown Sephanoides fernandensis leyboldi |
1908 |
Chile |  |
| Colombian grebe Podiceps andinus |
1970 |
Colombia | -- |
| Darwin's ground finch Geospiza magnirostris magnirostris |
1957 |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) | -- |
| Niceforo's pintail Anas georgica niceforoi |
1952 |
Colombia | -- |
| San Cristóbal vermilion flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus dubius |
1980s |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) | -- |
| Red-throated wood-rail Aramides gutturalis |
1843 |
Peru |  |
Possibly extinct
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antioquia brush finch Heliangelus zusii |
1971 |
Colombia | -- |
| Bogota sunangel Heliangelus zusii |
1907 |
Colombia | -- |
| Eskimo curlew Numenius borealis |
1939 (South America), 1962 (North America) |
Brazil and Argentina | |
| Glaucous macaw Anodorhynchus glaucus |
1960s |
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay |  |
| Hooded seedeater Sporophila melanops |
1823 |
Brazil | -- |
| Letitia's thorntail Discosura letitiae |
1852 |
Bolivia |  |
| Táchira antpitta Grallaria chthonia |
1956 |
Venezuela | -- |
| Turquoise-throated puffleg Eriocnemis godini |
1850 |
Colombia and Ecuador |  |
Amphibians[edit]
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Atelopus ignescens[14] | Unknown |
Ecuador |  |
| Atelopus longirostris[15] |
1989 |
Ecuador | -- |
| Atelopus vogli[16] | 1933 |
Venezuela | -- |
| Spiny-knee leaf frog Phrynomedusa fimbriata[17] |
1920s |
Brazil | -- |
Possibly extinct
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chile Darwin's frog Rhinoderma rufum[18] |
1980 |
Chile | -- |
Reptiles[edit]
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Charles Island tortoise Chelonoidis nigra nigra[19] |
1850 |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) | -- |
| Pinta Island tortoise Chelonoidis nigra abingdonii[20] |
June 24, 2012 |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) |  |
Fish[edit]
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Greasefish Rhizosomichthys totae[21] |
Unknown |
Colombia | -- |
| Titicaca Orestias Orestias cuvieri[22] |
1930s |
Lake Titicaca, Bolivia and Peru |  |
Mollusks[edit]
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Biotocus turbinatus |
Unknown |
Brazil |  |
| Digerus gibberulus |
Unknown |
Brazil | -- |
| Littoridina gaudichaudii |
1933 |
Ecuador |  |
| Megalobulimus cardosoi |
Unknown |
Brazil | -- |
Worms[edit]
- Rhinodrilus fafner
1912, Brazil
Insects[edit]
- Megadytes ducalis[23]
Unknown, Brazil - Rhantus orbignyi[24]
Unknown, Argentina and Brazil
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- BirdLife International (2005) Species factsheet: Calyptura cristata. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 25/3/2006
- IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 24 March 2006.
- Maas, P.H.J. 2005. Rediscovered Animals. The Extinction Website. Downloaded from http://extinct.petermaas.nl on 25/3/2006
- ^ Leite, Y. & Patterson, B. (2008). "Juscelinomys candango (Candango Mouse)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
- ^ Kovacs, K. (2008). "Monachus tropicalis (Caribbean Monk Seal, West Indian Monk Seal, West Indian Seal)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 21, 2013.
- ^ Tirira, D.; Dowler, R.; Boada, C. & Weksler, M. (2008). "Nesoryzomys darwini (Darwin's Galapagos Mouse)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
- ^ IUCN SSC Canid Specialist Group (2008). "Dusicyon australis (Falkland Island Wolf, Falklands Wolf)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
- ^ Weksler, M. & Tirira, D. (2008). "Megaoryzomys curioi (Galapágos Giant Rat)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
- ^ Tirira, D.; Dowler, R.; Boada, C. & Weksler, M. (2008). "Nesoryzomys indefessus (Indefatigable Galapagos Mouse)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
- ^ Turvey, S. (2008). "Desmodus draculae (Giant Vampire Bat)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
- ^ Amori, G. & Schipper, J. (2008). "Lagostomus crassus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
- ^ Diaz M. & Barquez, R. (2008). "\Cryptonanus ignitus (Red-bellied Gracile Mouse Opossum, Red-bellied Gracile Opossum)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
- ^ Weksler, M. & Costa, L. (2008). "Noronhomys vespuccii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
- ^ Flores, D. & Teta, P. (1996). "Monodelphis unistriata (One-striped Opossum, One-striped Short-tailed Opossum, Single-striped Opossum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
- ^ Ojeda, R. & Bidau, C. (2008). "Octodon pacificus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
- ^ Zeballos, H. & Vivar, E. (1996). "Melanomys zunigae (Zuniga's Dark Rice Rat)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
- ^ Santiago Ron; Luis A. Coloma; Stefan Lötters; William Duellman; Martín R. Bustamante; Wilmar Bolívar; Enrique La Marca (2004). "Atelopus ignescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- ^ Martín R. Bustamante; Wilmar Bolívar; Luis A. Coloma; Santiago Ron; Diego Cisneros-Heredia; Fernando Castro; Jose Vicente Rueda; Stefan Lötters; Andrés Acosta-Galvis (2004). "Atelopus longirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- ^ Stefan Lötters; Enrique La Marca; Miguel Vences (2004). "54561". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- ^ Carlos Alberto Gonçalves da Cruz; Bruno Pimenta (2004). "Phrynomedusa fimbriata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- ^ Alberto Veloso; Herman Núñez; Helen Díaz-Paéz; Ramón Formas (2010). "Rhinoderma rufum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- ^ Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group (1996). "Chelonoidis nigra ssp. nigra (Charles Island Tortoise)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 25, 2013.
- ^ Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group (1996). "Chelonoidis nigra ssp. abingdoni (Abingdon Island Tortoise)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 25, 2013.
- ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Rhizosomichthys totae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 29, 2013.
- ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Orestias cuvieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 29, 2013.
- ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Megadytes ducalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 25, 2013.
- ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Rhantus orbignyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved December 25, 2013.
