List of Turkish operations in northern Iraq

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Kurdish-Turkish conflict
Part of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict; Iraqi Kurdish Civil War
Date1992 – present
Location
Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Result Ongoing
Belligerents

 Turkey

Previous:
KDP (1992, 1995, 1997)[1][2]

PUK (1992)[1][2]

PKK
YBŞ
PJAK[3]

Previous:

PUK (1997)[4]
Casualties and losses
276 killed
739 wounded[5]
1 AH-1 Cobra helicopter lost[6]
(Turkish claim)		 6,325 killed
1,700 captured,[5]
(Turkish claim)
6,800+ displaced[7]

The Kurdish-Turkish conflict spilled over into Iraqi Kurdistan in 1992, and has continued there intermittently since. The Turkish Armed Forces has launched a series of operations in Northern Iraq against the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK).[8] More than 37,000 people have been killed in the conflict since 1984.[9]

According to the Turkish government, the total number of Turkish fatalities in Iraq has been 275 dead and 739 injured. It claims to have killed 6,325 and captured 1,700 PKK guerrillas in the country.[5]

The operations resulted in a permanent Turkish presence in northern Iraq since 2018.[10] The Iraqi government views these operations as a violation of Iraq's sovereignty,[11] with President Barham Salih demanding from Turkey their end and the withdrawal of all of the Turkish armed forces from his country's territory.[12]

Date Operation TAF Fatalities (Wounded) PKK Fatalities (Captured)
5 October 1992 – 15 November 1992 Operation Northern Iraq 28 (125) 1,551 (1,232)
20 March 1995 – 4 May 1995 Operation Steel 64 (185) 555 (13)
12 May 1997 – 7 July 1997 Operation Hammer 114 (338) 2,730 (418)
25 September 1997 – 15 October 1997 Operation Dawn 31 (91) 865 (37)
21 February 2008 – 29 February 2008 Operation Sun 27[13][14][15] 240
25 April 2017 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq 0 33
28 May 2019 – 14 June 2020 Operation Claw 17[16] 417[17]
17 April 2022 – Present Operation Claw Lock 1 26
Total: 282 (739) 6,417 (2,700)

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Iraq – Kurds (1961 – first combat deaths) Archived 2007-06-20 at the Wayback Machine, January 2005
  2. ^ a b Turkey (1984–2002) Archived 2011-02-07 at the Wayback Machine, March 2003
  3. ^ Page 2
  4. ^ "The Arab Spring, ITS Effects on the Kurds, and the Approaches of Turkey, Iran, Syria, and Iraq on the Kurdish Issue". Archived from the original on 2012-09-17. Retrieved 2012-11-09.
  5. ^ a b c "Ve Sonuç". Hürriyet. Retrieved 2007-10-11.
  6. ^ BBC news online-Turkey admits loss of Helicopter
  7. ^ "Timeline Turkey 1962-2008". Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2011-05-24.
  8. ^ "Council Decision", Council of the European Union, December 21, 2005
  9. ^ "Kurdish rebels kill Turkey troops". BBC News. 8 April 2007. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
  10. ^ Yousif Ismael (18 May 2020). "Turkey's Growing Military Presence in the Kurdish Region of Iraq". Washington Institute. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  11. ^ Hermann, Rainer. "Operation im Nordirak: Bagdad erzürnt über türkische Offensive gegen die PKK". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). ISSN 0174-4909. Retrieved 2022-04-19.
  12. ^ "Iraq's president says Turkey's offensive into KRG 'a threat to our national security'". Bianet. 19 April 2022.
  13. ^ "Twenty-five killed in clashes between Turkish soldiers, PKK - Monster…". Archived from the original on 4 September 2012.
  14. ^ "38 killed in PKK attack on Turkish border posts - Thaindian News". Archived from the original on 2018-08-14. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
  15. ^ "Armed Conflicts Report - Turkey". Archived from the original on 2011-02-07. Retrieved 2011-04-15.
  16. ^ 2 killed (30 May 2019),[1] 1 killed (19 July 2019 per turkey),[2] 3 killed (25 Aug. 2019),[3] 2 killed (23 Sep. 2019),[4] 1 died (28 Oct. 2019),[5] 1 killed (2 Dec. 2019),[6] 2 killed (2 Jan. 2020),[7] 2 killed (14 Jan. 2020),[8] 2 killed (25 March 2020),[9] 1 killed (15 April 2020),[10] total of 17 reported killed
  17. ^ "New phase begins in Turkey's northern Iraq operation".
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