List of amphibians of Northern America

This is a checklist of American amphibians found north of Mexico, based mainly on publications by the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. The information about range and status of almost all of these species can be found also for example in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species site.
* alien species

Summary of 2006 IUCN Red List categories.

Conservation status – IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:

EX – extinct, EW – extinct in the wild

CR – critically endangered, EN – endangered, VU – vulnerable

NT – near threatened, LC – least concern

DD – data deficient, NE – not evaluated

(v. 2013.2, the data are current as of March 5, 2014)

and Endangered Species Act:

E – endangered, T – threatened

XN, XE – experimental nonessential or essential population

E(S/A), T(S/A) – endangered or threatened due to similarity of appearance

(the data are current as of March 28, 2014)

Order: Urodela

Spotted salamander Ambystoma maculatum

Northern zigzag salamander Plethodon dorsalis

Suborder: Cryptobranchoidea

Family: Cryptobranchidae

Hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis NT
(Ozark hellbender C. a. bishopi: E)

Suborder: Salamandroidea

Family: Salamandridae

Subfamily: Pleurodelinae

Eastern newts

Black-spotted newt Notophthalmus meridionalis EN

Striped newt Notophthalmus perstriatus NT

Eastern newt Notophthalmus viridescens LC

Pacific newts

Rough-skinned newt Taricha granulosa LC

Red-bellied newt Taricha rivularis LC

Sierra newt Taricha sierrae LC

California newt Taricha torosa LC

Family: Plethodontidae

Subfamily: Plethodontinae

Web-toed salamanders

Limestone salamander Hydromantes brunus VU

Mount Lyell salamander Hydromantes platycephalus LC

Shasta salamander Hydromantes shastae VU

Climbing salamanders

Green salamander Aneides aeneus NT

Clouded salamander Aneides ferreus NT

Black salamander Aneides flavipunctatus NT

Sacramento Mountains salamander Aneides hardii LC

Arboreal salamander Aneides lugubris LC

Wandering salamander Aneides vagrans NT

Dusky salamanders

Cumberland dusky salamander Desmognathus abditus NT

Seepage salamander Desmognathus aeneus NT

Apalachicola dusky salamander Desmognathus apalachicolae LC

Southern dusky salamander Desmognathus auriculatus LC

Ouachita dusky salamander Desmognathus brimleyorum LC

Carolina Mountain dusky salamander Desmognathus carolinensis LC

Northern dusky salamander Desmognathus fuscus LC

Spotted dusky salamander Desmognathus conanti (formerly in Desmognathus fuscus)

Flat-headed salamander Desmognathus planiceps (formerly in Desmognathus fuscus)

Dwarf black-bellied salamander Desmognathus folkertsi DD

Imitator salamander Desmognathus imitator LC

Shovel-nosed salamander Desmognathus marmoratus LC

Seal salamander Desmognathus monticola LC

Mountain dusky salamander Desmognathus ochrophaeus LC

Ocoee salamander Desmognathus ocoee LC

Blue Ridge dusky salamander Desmognathus orestes LC

Northern pygmy salamander Desmognathus organi

Black-bellied salamander Desmognathus quadramaculatus LC

Santeetlah dusky salamander Desmognathus santeetlah LC

Black mountain salamander Desmognathus welteri LC

Pigmy salamander Desmognathus wrighti LC

Ensatina

Ensatina Ensatina eschscholtzii LC

Red Hills salamander

Red Hills salamander Phaeognathus hubrichti EN T

Woodland salamanders

Ainsworth's salamander or Bay Springs salamander †Plethodon ainsworthi EX

Western slimy salamander Plethodon albagula LC

Blue Ridge gray-cheeked salamander Plethodon amplus VU

Ozark zigzag salamander Plethodon angusticlavius LC

Scott Bar salamander Plethodon asupak VU

Tellico salamander Plethodon aureolus DD

Caddo Mountain salamander Plethodon caddoensis NT

Chattahoochee slimy salamander Plethodon chattahoochee

Cheoah bald salamander Plethodon cheoah VU

Atlantic Coast slimy salamander Plethodon chlorobryonis

Red-backed salamander or eastern red-backed salamander Plethodon cinereus LC

White-spotted slimy salamander Plethodon cylindraceus LC

Northern zigzag salamander Plethodon dorsalis LC

Dunn's salamander Plethodon dunni LC

Northern ravine salamander Plethodon electromorphus LC

Del Norte salamander Plethodon elongatus NT

Fourche Mountain salamander Plethodon fourchensis VU

Northern slimy salamander Plethodon glutinosus LC

Southeastern slimy salamander Plethodon grobmani

Valley and ridge salamander Plethodon hoffmani LC

Peaks of Otter salamander Plethodon hubrichti VU

Coeur d'Alene salamander Plethodon idahoensis LC

Red-cheeked salamander Plethodon jordani NT

Cumberland Plateau salamander Plethodon kentucki LC

Kiamichi slimy salamander Plethodon kiamichi DD

Louisiana slimy salamander Plethodon kisatchie LC

Larch Mountain salamander Plethodon larselli NT

South Mountain gray-cheeked salamander Plethodon meridianus VU

Southern gray-cheeked salamander Plethodon metcalfi LC

Mississippi slimy salamander Plethodon mississippi

Northern gray-cheeked salamander Plethodon montanus LC

Jemez Mountains salamander Plethodon neomexicanus NT E

Cheat Mountain salamander Plethodon nettingi NT T

Ocmulgee slimy salamander Plethodon ocmulgee

Rich Mountain salamander Plethodon ouachitae NT

Pigeon Mountain salamander Plethodon petraeus VU

White-spotted salamander Plethodon punctatus NT

Ravine salamander or southern ravine salamander Plethodon richmondi LC

Savannah slimy salamander Plethodon savannah

Sequoyah slimy salamander Plethodon sequoyah DD

Southern red-backed salamander Plethodon serratus LC

Shenandoah salamander Plethodon shenandoah VU E

Big Levels salamander Plethodon sherando VU

Red-legged salamander Plethodon shermani VU

Siskiyou Mountains salamander Plethodon stormi EN

Southern Appalachian salamander Plethodon teyahalee LC

Van Dyke's salamander Plethodon vandykei LC

South Carolina slimy salamander Plethodon variolatus

Western redback salamander Plethodon vehiculum LC

Southern zigzag salamander Plethodon ventralis LC

Shenandoah Mountain salamander Plethodon virginia NT

Webster's salamander Plethodon websteri LC

Wehrle's salamander Plethodon wehrlei LC

Weller's salamander Plethodon welleri EN

Yonahlossee salamander Plethodon yonahlossee LC

Patch-nosed salamander Urspelerpes brucei

Subfamily: Spelerpinae

Brook salamanders

Brownback salamander or dark-sided salamander Eurycea aquatica

Northern two-lined salamander Eurycea bislineata LC

Chamberlain's dwarf salamander Eurycea chamberlaini DD

Salado Springs salamander Eurycea chisholmensis VU T

Southern two-lined salamander Eurycea cirrigera LC

Three-lined salamander Eurycea guttolineata LC

Junaluska salamander Eurycea junaluska VU

Cascade Caverns salamander Eurycea latitans VU

Long-tailed salamander Eurycea longicauda LC

Cave salamander Eurycea lucifuga LC

Many-ribbed salamander Eurycea multiplicata LC

San Marcos salamander Eurycea nana VU T

Georgetown salamander Eurycea naufragia EN T

Texas salamander Eurycea neotenes VU

Blanco River springs salamander Eurycea pterophila DD

Dwarf salamander Eurycea quadridigitata LC

Barton Springs salamander Eurycea sosorum VU E

Jollyville Plateau salamander Eurycea tonkawae EN T

Comal blind salamander Eurycea tridentifera VU

Valdina Farms salamander Eurycea troglodytes DD

Oklahoma salamander Eurycea tynerensis NT

Austin blind salamander Eurycea waterlooensis VU E

Blue Ridge two-lined salamander Eurycea wilderae LC

Texas blind salamander Eurycea rathbuni VU E

Blanco blind salamander Eurycea robusta DD

Grotto salamander

Grotto salamander Eurycea spelaea LC

Spring salamanders

Berry Cave salamander Gyrinophilus gulolineatus EN

Tennessee cave salamander Gyrinophilus palleucus VU

Spring salamander Gyrinophilus porphyriticus LC

West Virginia spring salamander Gyrinophilus subterraneus EN

Georgia blind salamander

Georgia blind salamander Haideotriton wallacei VU

Red and mud salamanders

Mud salamander Pseudotriton montanus LC

Red salamander Pseudotriton ruber LC

Many-lined salamander

Many-lined salamander Stereochilus marginatus LC

Subfamily: Bolitoglossinae

Slender salamanders

Greenhorn Mountains slender salamander Batrachoseps altasierrae

California slender salamander Batrachoseps attenuatus LC

Fairview slender salamander Batrachoseps bramei

Inyo Mountains salamander Batrachoseps campi EN

Hell Hollow slender salamander Batrachoseps diabolicus DD

San Gabriel slender salamander Batrachoseps gabrieli DD

Gabilan Mountains slender salamander Batrachoseps gavilanensis LC

Gregarious slender salamander Batrachoseps gregarius LC

San Simeon slender salamander Batrachoseps incognitus DD

Sequoia slender salamander Batrachoseps kawia DD

Santa Lucia Mountains slender salamander Batrachoseps luciae LC

Garden slender salamander Batrachoseps major LC (desert slender salamander B. m. aridus: E)

Lesser slender salamander Batrachoseps minor DD

Black-bellied slender salamander Batrachoseps nigriventris LC

Channel Islands slender salamander Batrachoseps pacificus LC

Kings River slender salamander Batrachoseps regius VU

Relictual slender salamander Batrachoseps relictus DD

Kern Plateau salamander Batrachoseps robustus NT

Kern Canyon slender salamander Batrachoseps simatus VU

Tehachapi slender salamander Batrachoseps stebbinsi VU

Oregon slender salamander Batrachoseps wrighti VU

Subfamily: Hemidactyliinae

Four-toed salamander Hemidactylium scutatum LC

Family: Proteidae

Alabama waterdog Necturus alabamensis EN

Gulf Coast waterdog Necturus beyeri LC

Neuse River waterdog Necturus lewisi NT

Common mudpuppy Necturus maculosus LC

Dwarf waterdog Necturus punctatus LC

Family: Ambystomatidae

Two-toed amphiuma Amphiuma means

Coastal giant salamander Dicamptodon tenebrosus

Ringed salamander Ambystoma annulatum LC

Streamside salamander Ambystoma barbouri NT

Frosted flatwoods salamander Ambystoma cingulatum VU T

Reticulated flatwoods salamander Ambystoma bishopi VU E (formerly in A. cingulatum)

California tiger salamander Ambystoma californiense VU (Santa Barbara and Sonoma Counties E, central California T)

Northwestern salamander Ambystoma gracile LC

Jefferson salamander Ambystoma jeffersonianum LC

Blue-spotted salamander Ambystoma laterale LC

Mabee's salamander Ambystoma mabeei LC

Long-toed salamander Ambystoma macrodactylum LC (Santa Cruz long-toed salamander A. m. croceum: E)

Spotted salamander Ambystoma maculatum LC

Barred tiger salamander Ambystoma mavortium (Sonoran tiger salamander A. m. stebbinsi: E)

Marbled salamander Ambystoma opacum LC

Mole salamander Ambystoma talpoideum LC

Small-mouthed salamander Ambystoma texanum LC

Tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum LC

Family: Amphiumidae

Two-toed amphiuma Amphiuma means LC

One-toed amphiuma Amphiuma pholeter NT

Three-toed amphiuma Amphiuma tridactylum LC

Family: Dicamptodontidae

Idaho giant salamander Dicamptodon aterrimus LC

Cope's giant salamander Dicamptodon copei LC

California giant salamander Dicamptodon ensatus NT

Coastal giant salamander Dicamptodon tenebrosus LC

Family: Rhyacotritonidae

Lesser siren Siren intermedia

Cascade torrent salamander Rhyacotriton cascadae NT

Columbia torrent salamander Rhyacotriton kezeri NT

Olympic torrent salamander Rhyacotriton olympicus VU

Southern torrent salamander Rhyacotriton variegatus LC

Suborder: Sirenoidea

Family: Sirenidae

Dwarf sirens

Southern dwarf siren Pseudobranchus axanthus LC

Northern dwarf siren Pseudobranchus striatus LC

Sirens

Lesser siren Siren intermedia LC

Greater siren Siren lacertina LC

Order: Anura

American bullfrog
Lithobates catesbeiana

Coastal tailed frog Ascaphus truei

American toad
Anaxyrus americanus
- detail of parotoid glands

Western spadefoot toad
Spea hammondii

Gray tree frog Hyla versicolor

Suborder: Archaeobatrachia

Family: Ascaphidae

Rocky Mountain tailed frog Ascaphus montanus LC

Coastal tailed frog Ascaphus truei LC

Suborder: Mesobatrachia

Family: Pipidae

African clawed frog Xenopus laevis * LC

Family: Rhinophrynidae

Burrowing toad Rhinophrynus dorsalis LC

Family: Scaphiopodidae

North American spadefoot toads

Couch's spadefoot Scaphiopus couchii LC

Eastern spadefoot Scaphiopus holbrookii LC

Hurter's spadefoot Scaphiopus hurterii LC

Western spadefoot toads

Plains spadefoot Spea bombifrons LC

Western spadefoot Spea hammondii NT

Great Basin spadefoot Spea intermontana LC

Mexican spadefoot Spea multiplicata LC

Suborder: Neobatrachia

Family: Bufonidae

American toad Anaxyrus americanus LC

Wyoming toad Anaxyrus baxteri EW

Western toad Anaxyrus boreas NT

Amargosa toad Anaxyrus nelsoni EN (formerly in Anaxyrus boreas)

Arroyo toad Anaxyrus californicus EN E

Yosemite toad Anaxyrus canorus EN

Great Plains toad Anaxyrus cognatus LC

American green toad Anaxyrus debilis LC

Black toad Anaxyrus exsul VU

Fowler's toad Anaxyrus fowleri LC

Canadian toad Anaxyrus hemiophrys LC E

Houston toad Anaxyrus houstonensis EN E

Arizona toad Anaxyrus microscaphus LC

Red-spotted toad Anaxyrus punctatus LC

Oak toad Anaxyrus quercicus LC

Sonoran green toad Anaxyrus retiformis LC

Texas toad Anaxyrus speciosus LC

Southern toad Anaxyrus terrestris LC

Woodhouse's toad Anaxyrus woodhousii LC

Colorado River toad Incilius alvarius LC

Coastal plains toad Incilius nebulifer LC (formerly in Incilius valliceps)

Cane toad Rhinella marina LC

Family: Hylidae

Subfamily: Hylinae

Tree frogs

Pine Barrens tree frog Hyla andersonii NT

Canyon tree frog Hyla arenicolor LC

Bird-voiced tree frog Hyla avivoca LC

Cope's gray tree frog Hyla chrysoscelis LC

American green tree frog Hyla cinerea LC

Pine woods tree frog Hyla femoralis LC

Barking tree frog Hyla gratiosa LC

Squirrel tree frog Hyla squirella LC

Gray tree frog Hyla versicolor LC

Arizona tree frog Hyla wrightorum LC (formerly in Hyla eximia)

Chorus frogs

Mountain chorus frog Pseudacris brachyphona LC

Brimley's chorus frog Pseudacris brimleyi LC

California tree frog Pseudacris cadaverina LC (formerly Hyla cadaverina)

Spotted chorus frog Pseudacris clarkii LC

Spring peeper Pseudacris crucifer LC

Western chorus frog Pseudacris triseriata LC

Southeastern chorus frog Pseudacris feriarum LC (formerly in Pseudacris triseriata)

Cajun chorus frog Pseudacris fouquettei LC (formerly in Pseudacris feriarum)

New Jersey chorus frog Pseudacris kalmi LC (formerly in Pseudacris triseriata)

Pacific tree frog Pseudacris regilla LC

Baja California tree frog Pseudacris hypochondriaca (formerly in Pseudacris regilla)

Sierran tree frog Pseudacris sierra (formerly in Pseudacris regilla)

Illinois chorus frog Pseudacris illinoensis or Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis

Boreal chorus frog Pseudacris maculata LC

Southern chorus frog Pseudacris nigrita LC

Little grass frog Pseudacris ocularis LC

Ornate chorus frog Pseudacris ornata LC

Strecker's chorus frog Pseudacris streckeri LC

Cricket frogs

Northern cricket frog Acris crepitans LC

Blanchard's cricket frog Acris (crepitans) blanchardi

Southern cricket frog Acris gryllus LC

Other tree frogs

Cuban tree frog Osteopilus septentrionalis * LC

Mexican tree frog Smilisca baudinii LC

Lowland burrowing tree frog Smilisca fodiens LC

Family: Ranidae

Typical frogs

Northern red-legged frog Rana aurora LC

California red-legged frog Rana draytonii VU T (formerly in Rana aurora)

Foothill yellow-legged frog Rana boylii NT

Cascades frog Rana cascadae NT

Columbia spotted frog Rana luteiventris LC

Southern mountain yellow-legged frog Rana muscosa EN E

Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog Rana sierrae EN (formerly in Rana muscosa)

Oregon spotted frog Rana pretiosa VU

Water frogs

American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus LC

Gopher frog Lithobates capito NT

Crawfish frog Lithobates areolatus NT

Mississippi gopher frog or dusky gopher frog Lithobates sevosus CR E

Rio Grande leopard frog Lithobates berlandieri LC

Plains leopard frog Lithobates blairi LC

Chiricahua leopard frog Lithobates chiricahuensis VU T

Ramsey Canyon leopard frog Lithobates subaquavocalis CR, (species not recognized by SSAR)

Green frog Lithobates clamitans or Rana clamitans LC

Vegas Valley leopard frog †Lithobates fisheri EX

Pig frog Lithobates grylio LC

River frog Lithobates heckscheri LC

Florida bog frog Lithobates okaloosae or Rana okaloosae VU

Relict leopard frog Lithobates onca or Rana onca EN

Pickerel frog Lithobates palustris LC

Northern leopard frog Lithobates pipiens or Rana pipiens LC

Mink frog Lithobates septentrionalis LC

Southern leopard frog Lithobates sphenocephalus LC

Wood frog Lithobates sylvaticus LC

Tarahumara frog Lithobates tarahumarae or Rana tarahumarae VU

Carpenter frog Lithobates virgatipes LC

Lowland leopard frog Lithobates yavapaiensis LC

Japanese wrinkled frog Glandirana rugosa * LC (Hawaii only)

Family: Craugastoridae

Barking frog Craugastor augusti LC

Family: Eleutherodactylidae

Subfamily: Eleutherodactylinae

Coqui Eleutherodactylus coqui * LC (Puerto Rico only)

Rio Grande chirping frog Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides LC

Spotted chirping frog Eleutherodactylus guttilatus LC

Cliff chirping frog Eleutherodactylus marnockii LC

Greenhouse frog Eleutherodactylus planirostris * LC

Family: Leptodactylidae

Subfamily: Leptodactylinae

Mexican white-lipped frog Leptodactylus fragilis LC

Family: Microhylidae

Subfamily: Gastrophryninae

Sheep frog Hypopachus variolosus LC

Subfamily: Microhylinae

North American narrow-mouthed frogs

Eastern narrow-mouthed toad Gastrophryne carolinensis LC

Western narrow-mouthed toad Gastrophryne olivacea LC

Family: Dendrobatidae

Subfamily: Dendrobatinae

Green-and-black poison dart frog Dendrobates auratus * LC (Hawaii only)

See also

• List of threatened reptiles and amphibians of the United States
• List of North American birds
• List of birds of Canada and the United States
• List of mammals of North America
• List of North American reptiles
• List of U.S. state mammals
• List of U.S. state birds
• U.S. state reptiles
• List of U.S. state amphibians
• Lists of reptiles by region
• Lists of amphibians by region

Further reading

• Cope, Edward D. (1875). Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution. Based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. Published under the direction of the Smithionian Institution. Washington: Government Printing Office: Department of the Interior: U.S. National Museum.
• Stejneger, Leonhard; Barbour, Thomas (1917). A check list of North American amphibians and reptiles (PDF). Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.: Harvard University Press.

External links

• Checklist of the Standard English Common Names of Amphibians & Reptiles - Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR)
• Checklist of Amphibian Species and an Online Identification Guide for the Identification of Amphibians in North America north of Mexico
• Scientific and Common Names of the Reptiles and Amphibians of North America – Explained
• The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
• Endangered Species Program – US Fish & Wildlife Service
• Species Search – US Fish & Wildlife Service
• Endangered Species Act – National Marine Fisheries Service – NOAA