List of animals by number of neurons
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Brief comparisons of number of whole brain neurons (top) and cerebral cortex neurons (bottom) among six mammals.
These are two lists of animals ordered by the size of their nervous system. The first list shows number of neurons in their entire nervous system, indicating their overall neural complexity. The second list shows the number of neurons in their forebrain, a measure which has been found to be representative of animal intelligence.[1] In mammals, the forebrain is represented by the cerebrum, while in birds and reptiles it is represented by the pallium.
The human brain contains 86 billion neurons, with 16 billion neurons in the cerebral cortex.[2][1]
Overview[edit]
Neurons are the cells that transmit information in an animal's nervous system so that it can sense stimuli from its environment and behave accordingly. Not all animals have neurons; Trichoplax and sponges lack nerve cells altogether.
Neurons may be packed to form structures such as the brain of vertebrates or the neural ganglions of insects.
The number of neurons and their relative abundance in different parts of the brain is a determinant of neural function and, consequently, of behavior.
Whole nervous system[edit]
All numbers for neurons (except Caenorhabditis and Ciona), and all numbers for synapses (except Ciona) are estimations.
| Name | Neurons in the brain/whole nervous system | Synapses | Details | Image | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sponge | 0 |  |
[3] | ||
| Trichoplax | 0 | Despite no nervous system, it exhibits coordinated feeding and response behaviors.[4] |  |
[5] | |
| Asplanchna brightwellii (rotifer) | about 200 | Brain only |  |
[6] | |
| Ciona intestinalis larva (sea squirt) | 231 | 8,617 (central nervous system only) |  |
[7] | |
| Caenorhabditis elegans (roundworm) | 302 | ~7,500 | is the only organism to have its whole connectome (neuronal "wiring diagram") completed.[9][10][11] |  |
[12] |
| Jellyfish | 5,600 | Hydra vulgaris (H. attenuate) |  |
[13] | |
| Megaphragma mymaripenne | 7,400 |  |
[14] | ||
| Box jellyfish | 8,700–17,500 | adult Tripedalia cystophora (8 mm diameter) – does not include 1000 neurons in each of the four rhopalia |  |
[15] | |
| Medicinal leech | 10,000 |  |
[16] | ||
| Pond snail | 11,000 |  |
[17] | ||
| Sea slug | 18,000 |  |
[18] | ||
| Amphioxus | 20,000 | central nervous system only |  |
[19] | |
| Larval zebrafish | 100,000 |  |
[21] | ||
| Lobster | 100,000 |  |
[22] | ||
| Fruit fly | 250,000 | < 10,000,000 | In 2020 a research group announced the most sophisticated connectome [23] | .jpg) |
[24] |
| Ant | 250,000 | Varies per species |  |
[26] | |
| Honey bee | 960,000 | ~1×109 |  |
[28] | |
| Cockroach | 1,000,000 |  |
[29] | ||
| Guppy | 4,300,000 |  |
[30] | ||
| Adult zebrafish | ~10,000,000 | cells (neurons + other) |  |
[31] | |
| Frog | 16,000,000 | _crop.jpg) |
[32] | ||
| Naked mole-rat | 26,880,000 |  |
[33] | ||
| Smoky shrew | 36,000,000 |  |
[34] | ||
| Short-tailed shrew | 52,000,000 | 
|
[34] | ||
| Hottentot golden mole | 65,000,000 | _(8557402518).jpg) |
[35] | ||
| House mouse | 71,000,000 | ~1×1012 |  |
[36] | |
| Nile crocodile | 80,500,000 | .jpg) |
[37] | ||
| Golden hamster | 90,000,000 |  |
[36] | ||
| Ansell's mole-rat | 103,000,000 |  |
[38] | ||
| Mashona mole-rat | 113,000,000 | [38] | |||
| Hairy-tailed mole | 124,000,000 | _(7748318398).jpg) |
[35] | ||
| Eastern rock elephant shrew | 129,000,000 |  |
[35] | ||
| Star-nosed mole | 131,000,000 |  |
[34] | ||
| Zebra finch | 131,000,000 | Brain only | .jpg)
|
[39] | |
| Silvery mole-rat | 148,000,000 |  |
[38] | ||
| Four-toed elephant shrew | 157,000,000 |  |
[35] | ||
| Eurasian blackcap | 157,000,000 |  |
[39] | ||
| Goldcrest | 164,000,000 | .jpg) |
[39] | ||
| Cape mole-rat | 170,000,000 |  |
[38] | ||
| Mechow's mole-rat | 174,000,000 |  |
[38] | ||
| Damaraland mole-rat | 178,000,000 |  |
[38] | ||
| Brown rat | 200,000,000 | ~4.48×1011 |  |
[40] | |
| Guyenne spiny rat | 202,000,000 | [35] | |||
| Eastern mole | 204,000,000 |  |
[34] | ||
| Red junglefowl | 221,000,000 |  |
[39] | ||
| Great tit | 226,000,000 |  |
[39] | ||
| Green-rumped parrotlet | 227,000,000 |  |
[39] | ||
| Guinea pig | 240,000,000 | .jpg) |
[36] | ||
| Gray mouse lemur | 254,710,000 |  |
[41] | ||
| Common treeshrew | 261,000,000 |  |
[42] | ||
| Pigeon | 310,000,000 | Brain only | ,_Palacio_de_Nymphenburg,_M%C3%BAnich,_Alemania01.JPG) |
[39] | |
| Budgerigar | 322,000,000 |  |
[39] | ||
| Cape dune mole-rat | 361,000,000 |  |
[38] | ||
| Common blackbird | 379,000,000 |  |
[39] | ||
| Ferret | 404,000,000 |  |
[43] | ||
| Cockatiel | 453,000,000 |  |
[39] | ||
| Gray squirrel | 453,660,000 | _02.jpg) |
[33] | ||
| Banded mongoose | 454,000,000 |  |
[43] | ||
| Prairie dog | 473,940,000 |  |
[33] | ||
| Common starling | 483,000,000 |  |
[39] | ||
| European rabbit | 494,200,000 |  |
[33] | ||
| Octopus | 500,000,000 |  |
[44] | ||
| Western tree hyrax | 505,000,000 |  |
[35] | ||
| Common marmoset | 636,000,000 |  |
[42] | ||
| Eastern rosella | 642,000,000 |  |
[39] | ||
| Barn owl | 690,000,000 | .jpg) |
[39] | ||
| Monk parakeet | 697,000,000 | .jpg) |
[39] | ||
| Azure-winged magpie | 741,000,000 |  |
[39] | ||
| Rock hyrax | 756,000,000 | _(7042223567).jpg) |
[35] | ||
| Cat | 760,000,000 | ~1×1013 |  |
[45] | |
| Black-rumped agouti | 857,000,000 | .jpg) |
[36] | ||
| Magpie | 897,000,000 |  |
[39] | ||
| Common hill myna | 906,000,000 |  |
[39] | ||
| Northern greater galago | 936,000,000 | [42] | |||
| Western jackdaw | 968,000,000 |  |
[39] | ||
| Eurasian jay | 1.085×109 |  |
[39] | ||
| Alexandrine parakeet | 1.096×109 |  |
[39] | ||
| Tanimbar corella | 1.161×109 |  |
[39] | ||
| Emu | 1.335×109 |  |
[39] | ||
| Three-striped night monkey | 1.468×109 | [42] | |||
| Rook | 1.509×109 |  |
[39] | ||
| Grey parrot | 1.566×109 |  |
[39] | ||
| Capybara | 1.6×109 |  |
[36] | ||
| Sulphur-crested cockatoo | 2.122×109 |  |
[39] | ||
| Raccoon | 2.148×109 | .jpg) |
[43] | ||
| Kea | 2.149×109 |  |
[39] | ||
| Raven | 2.171×109 | Brain only | _(8).jpg) |
[39] | |
| Domestic pig | 2.22×109 |  |
[46] | ||
| Dog | 2.253×109 |  |
[43] | ||
| Springbok | 2.72×109 |  |
[46] | ||
| Blesbok | 3.06×109 |  |
[46] | ||
| Blue-and-yellow macaw | 3.136×109 | Brain only |  |
[39] | |
| Common squirrel monkey | 3.246×109 |  |
[42] | ||
| Crab-eating macaque | 3.44×109 |  |
[41] | ||
| Tufted capuchin | 3.691×109 | _4.jpg) |
[42] | ||
| Bonnet macaque | 3.78×109 |  |
[41] | ||
| Striped hyena | 3.885×109 |  |
[43] | ||
| Lion | 4.667×109 |  |
[43] | ||
| Greater kudu | 4.91×109 |  |
[46] | ||
| Rhesus macaque | 6.376×109 |  |
[42] | ||
| Brown bear | 9.586×109 |  |
[43] | ||
| Giraffe | 1.075×1010 |  |
[46] | ||
| Yellow baboon | 1.095×1010 |  |
[41] | ||
| Chimpanzee | 2.8×1010 |  |
[47] | ||
| Orangutan | 3.26×1010 |  |
[48] | ||
| Gorilla | 3.34×1010 |  |
[48] | ||
| Human | 8.6×1010 | ~1.5×1014 | Neurons for average adult |  |
[49][50][51] |
| African elephant | 2.57×1011 |  |
[52][53] |
List of animal species by forebrain (cerebrum or pallium) neuron number[edit]
The question of what physical characteristic of an animal makes an animal intelligent has varied over the centuries. One early speculation was brain size (or weight, which provides the same ordering.) A second proposal was brain-to-body-mass ratio, and a third was encephalization quotient, sometimes referred to as EQ. The current best predictor is number of neurons in the forebrain, based on Herculano-Houzel's improved neuron counts.[1] It accounts most accurately for variations in dependence on the cerebellum. The elephant depends on its exceptionally large cerebellum, while birds make do with a much smaller one.
Differing methods have been used to count neurons and these may differ in degree of reliability. These are the optical fractionator, an application of stereology and the isotropic fractionator, a recent methodological innovation. Most numbers in the list are the result of studies using the newer isotropic fractionator.[1][33][35][36][37][39][40][41][42][46][47][48][49][50][52][54] A variation of the optical fractionator was responsible for the previous total human brain neuron count of 100,000,000,000 neurons, which has been revised down to 86,000,000,000 by the use of the isotropic fractionator. This is in part why it may be considered to be less reliable. Finally, some numbers are the result of estimations based on correlations observed between number of cortical neurons and brain mass within closely related taxa.
| Common name | Average number of forebrain neurons[a] | Instraspecific variation[b] | Method[c] | Binomial nomenclature | Image | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Naked mole-rat | 6,000,000 | ± 1,065,587[35] | Isotropic fractionator | H. glaber | |
[33] |
| Ansell's mole-rat | 10,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Fukomys anselli | |
[38] | |
| Smoky shrew | 10,000,000 | ± 352,000[35] | Isotropic fractionator | Sorex fumeus | |
[35] |
| Mashona mole-rat | 12,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Fukomys darlingi | [38] | ||
| Northern short-tailed shrew | 12,000,000 | ± 1,569,000[35] | Isotropic fractionator | Blarina brevicauda |  |
[35] |
| House mouse | 14,000,000 | ± 2,242,257[35] | Isotropic fractionator | Mus musculus |  |
[35] |
| Hairy-tailed mole | 16,000,000 | ± 2,611,000[35] | Isotropic fractionator | Parascalops breweri | |
[35] |
| Star-nosed mole | 17,000,000 | ± 3,105,000[35] | Isotropic fractionator | Condylura cristata | |
[35] |
| Golden hamster | 17,000,000 | ± 3,619,934[35] | Isotropic fractionator | Mesocricetus auratus |  |
[35] |
| Damaraland mole-rat | 21,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Fukomys damarensis | |
[38] | |
| Hottentot golden mole | 22,000,000 | ± 2,154,000[35] | Isotropic fractionator | Amblysomus hottentotus | |
[35] |
| Gray mouse lemur | 22,310,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Microcebus murinus |  |
[41] | |
| Mechow's mole-rat | 23,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Fukomys mechowii | |
[38] | |
| Hedgehog | 24,000,000^ | Estimated | Subfamily Erinaceinae, various species |  |
[56] | |
| Silvery mole-rat | 25,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Heliophobius argenteocinereus | |
[38] | |
| Cape mole-rat | 26,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Georychus capensis | |
[38] | |
| Guyenne spiny rat | 26,000,000 | ± 2,155,723[35] | Isotropic fractionator | Proechimys cayennensis | [35] | |
| Eastern rock elephant shrew | 26,000,000 | ± 4,020,000[35] | Isotropic fractionator | Elephantulus myurus | |
[35] |
| Eastern mole | 27,000,000 | ± 5,113,000[35] | Isotropic fractionator | Scalopus aquaticus | |
[35] |
| Opossum | 27,000,000^ | Estimated | Didelphis virginiana |  |
[56] | |
| Brown Rat | 31,000,000 | + 3,034,654[35] | Isotropic fractionator | Rattus norvegicus |  |
[35] |
| Four-toed elephant shrew | 34,000,000 | ± 5,840,000[35] | Isotropic fractionator | Petrodromus tetradactylus | |
[35] |
| Ferret | 38,950,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Mustela putorius furo |  |
[43] | |
| Cape dune mole-rat | 43,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Bathyergus suillus | |
[38] | |
| Guinea pig | 43,510,000 | ± 3,169,924[35] | Isotropic fractionator | Cavia porcellus |  |
[33] |
| Eurasian blackcap | 52,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Sylvia atricapilla | |
[39] | |
| Prairie dog | 53,770,000 | ± 6,044,322[35] | Isotropic fractionator | Cynomys sp. |  |
[33] |
| Zebra finch | 55,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Taeniopygia guttata |  |
[39] | |
| Common treeshrew | 60,000,000 | ± 26,510,000[35] | Isotropic fractionator | Tupaia glis | |
[35] |
| Red junglefowl | 61,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Gallus gallus |  |
[39] | |
| Goldcrest | 64,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Regulus regulus |  |
[39] | |
| European rabbit | 71,450,000 | Isotropic fractionator | O. cuniculus | |
[33] | |
| Rock dove | 72,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Columba livia |  |
[39] | |
| Eastern gray squirrel | 77,330,000 | ± 2,634,444[35] | Isotropic fractionator | S. carolinensis |  |
[33] |
| Great tit | 83,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Parus major | |
[39] | |
| Western tree hyrax | 99,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Dendrohyrax dorsalis | |
[35] | |
| Green-rumped parrotlet | 103,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Forpus passerinus |  |
[39] | |
| Black-rumped agouti | 113,000,000 | ± 2,576,768[35] | Isotropic fractionator | Dasyprocta prymnolopha | |
[1] |
| Banded mongoose | 115,770,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Mungos mungo |  |
[43] | |
| Common blackbird | 136,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Turdus merula | |
[39] | |
| Budgerigar | 149,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Melopsittacus undulatus |  |
[39] | |
| Rock hyrax | 198,000,000 | ± 29,082,000[35] | Isotropic fractionator | Procavia capensis | |
[35] |
| Northern greater galago | 226,000,000 | ± 87,570,000[35] | Isotropic fractionator | Otolemur garnettii | .jpg) |
[35] |
| Common starling | 226,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Sturnus vulgaris |  |
[39] | |
| Common marmoset | 245,000,000 | ± 81,180,000[35] | Isotropic fractionator | Callithrix jacchus | |
[35] |
| Cat | 249,830,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Felis catus or Felis silvestris catus | |
[43] | |
| Brown bear | 250,970,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Ursus arctos | _running.jpg) |
[43] | |
| Cockatiel | 258,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Nymphicus hollandicus |  |
[39] | |
| Capybara | 306,500,000 | ± 62,726,120[35] | Isotropic fractionator | Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris |  |
[33] |
| Tarsius | 310,000,000 | Estimated | Genus Tarsius, unknown species |  |
[57] | |
| Eastern rosella | 333,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Platycercus eximius |  |
[39] | |
| Goeldi's marmoset | 357,130,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Callimico goeldii |  |
[41] | |
| Western grey kangaroo | 370,170,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Macropus fuliginosus |  |
[58] | |
| Monk parakeet | 396,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Myiopsitta monachus |  |
[39] | |
| Springbok | 396,900,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Antidorcas marsupialis | |
[46] | |
| Azure-winged magpie | 400,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Cyanopica cyanus |  |
[39] | |
| Common hill myna | 410,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Gracula religiosa |  |
[39] | |
| Domesticated pig | 425,000,000* | Optical fractionator | Sus scrofa domesticus |  |
[59] | |
| Barn owl | 437,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Tyto alba |  |
[39] | |
| Emu | 439,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Dromaius novaehollandiae |  |
[39] | |
| Three-striped night monkey | 442,000,000 | ± 111,310,000[35] | Isotropic fractionator | Aotus trivirgatus |  |
[1] |
| Eurasian magpie | 443,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Pica pica |  |
[39] | |
| Raccoon | 453,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Procyon lotor | .jpg) |
[54] | |
| Western jackdaw | 492,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Coloeus monedula |  |
[39] | |
| Striped hyena | 495,280,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Hyaena hyaena |  |
[43] | |
| Eurasian jay | 529,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Garrulus glandarius |  |
[39] | |
| Dog | 527,910,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Canis lupus familiaris |  |
[43] | |
| Lion | 545,240,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Panthera leo |  |
[43] | |
| Blesbok | 570,670,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi |  |
[46] | |
| Alexandrine parakeet | 575,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Psittacula eupatria | ,_Jurong_Bird_Park,_Singapore_-_20090613.jpg) |
[39] | |
| Tanimbar corella | 599,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Cacatua goffiniana |  |
[39] | |
| Gracile capuchin monkey | 650,000,000^ | Estimated | Genus Cebus, unknown species |  |
[60] | |
| Greater kudu | 762,570,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Tragelaphus strepsiceros | |
[46] | |
| Crab-eating macaque | 800,960,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Macaca fascicularis |  |
[41] | |
| Rook | 820,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Corvus frugilegus |  |
[39] | |
| Grey parrot | 850,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Psittacus erithacus |  |
[39] | |
| Tufted capuchin | 1,140,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Sapajus apella | |
[35][1] | |
| Sulphur-crested cockatoo | 1,135,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Cacatua galerita | |
[39] | |
| Harp seal | 1,168,000,000^
6,100,000,000* |
Estimated (isotropic fractionator)
Optical fractionator |
Pagophilus groenlandicus |  |
[61][62] | |
| Horse | 1,200,000,000* | Optical fractionator | Equus ferus caballus |  |
[63] | |
| Raven | 1,204,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Corvus corax |  |
[39] | |
| Kea | 1,281,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Nestor notabilis |  |
[39] | |
| Common squirrel monkey | 1,340,000,000 | ± 20,000,000[35] | Isotropic fractionator | Saimiri sciureus |  |
[35] |
| Bonnet macaque | 1,660,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Macaca radiata | .jpg) |
[41] | |
| Rhesus macaque | 1,710,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Macaca mulatta | |
[35] | |
| Giraffe | 1,731,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Giraffa camelopardalis |  |
[46] | |
| Blue and yellow macaw | 1,900,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Ara ararauna | _Weltvogelpark_Walsrode_2010.jpg) |
[39] | |
| Pygmy sperm whale | 2,020,000,000* | Optical fractionator | Kogia breviceps | [64] | ||
| Harbor porpoise | 2,234,000,000^
14,900,000,000* |
Estimated (isotropic fractionator)
Optical fractionator |
Phocoena phocoena |  |
[61][62] | |
| Leopard seal | 2,386,000,000^ | Estimated (isotropic fractionator) | Hydrurga leptonyx |  |
[61] | |
| Guenon | 2,500,000,000^ | Estimated | Genus Cercopithecus, unknown species |  |
[57] | |
| Pigtail Macaque | 2,531,000,000^ | Estimated (isotropic fractionator) | Macaca nemestrina |  |
[61] | |
| Gelada baboon | 2,568,000,000^ | Estimated (isotropic fractionator) | Theropithecus gelada | _juvenile_male.jpg) |
[61] | |
| Red-and-green macaw | 2,646,000,000^ | Estimated (isotropic fractionator) | Ara chloropterus |  |
[61] | |
| Beluga | 2,683,000,000^ | Estimated (isotropic fractionator) | Delphinapterus leucas |  |
[61] | |
| Yellow baboon | 2,880,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Papio cynocephalus |  |
[41] | |
| Hyacinth macaw | 2,944,000,000^ | Estimated (isotropic fractionator) | Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus | _feeding_on_palm_nuts_..._-_Flickr_-_berniedup.jpg) |
[61] | |
| Hamadryas baboon | 2,990,000,000^ | Estimated (isotropic fractionator) | Papio hamadryas | _female.jpg) |
[61] | |
| Mandrill | 3,102,000,000^ | Estimated (isotropic fractionator) | Mandrillus sphinx | ,_Berlin_Zoo.jpg) |
[61] | |
| Walrus | 3,929,000,000^ | Estimated (isotropic fractionator) | Odobenus rosmarus |  |
[61] | |
| Southern elephant seal | 3,994,000,000^ | Estimated (isotropic fractionator) | Mirounga leonina | .jpg) |
[61] | |
| African elephant | 5,600,000,000 | Isotropic fractionator | Loxodonta africana |  |
[52] | |
| Pygmy chimpanzee or bonobo | 6,246,000,000^ | Estimated (isotropic fractionator) | Pan paniscus |  |
[61] | |
| Short-beaked common dolphin | 6,700,000,000* | Optical fractionator | Delphinus delphis | [61][64] | ||
| Asian elephant | 6,775,000,000^ | Estimated (isotropic fractionator) | Elephas maximus |  |
[61] | |
| Risso's dolphin | 7,150,000,000^ | Estimated (optical fractionator) | Grampus griseus |  |
[61] | |
| Chimpanzee | 7,400,000,000* | Optical fractionator | Pan troglodytes | |
[65] | |
| Orangutan | 7,704,000,000 - 8,900,000,000^ | Estimated (isotropic fractionator) | Genus Pongo, unknown species | |
[61][48] | |
| Cuvier's beaked whale | 9,100,000,000* | Optical fractionator | Z. cavirostris | [64] | ||
| Western gorilla | 9,100,000,000 - 10,268,000,000^ | Estimated (isotropic fractionator) | Gorilla gorilla |  |
[61][48] | |
| False killer whale | 10,500,000,000*
3,855,000,000^ |
Optical fractionator
Estimated (isotropic fractionator) |
Pseudorca crassidens |  |
[61][34] | |
| Bottlenose dolphin | 12,700,000,000* | Optical fractionator | Tursiops truncatus | [61][64] | ||
| Common minke whale | 12,800,000,000* | Optical fractionator | Balaenoptera acutorostrata |  |
[66] | |
| Blue whale | 14,617,000,000^ | Estimated (optical fractionator) | Balaenoptera musculus |  |
[61] | |
| Fin whale | 15,000,000,000* | Optical fractionator | Balaenoptera physalus |  |
[61][67] | |
| Human | 16,340,000,000 | ± 2,170,000,000[35] | Isotropic fractionator | Homo sapiens | |
[35][49][1][68] |
| Short-finned pilot whale | 27,242,000,000^ | Estimated (optical fractionator) | Globicephala macrorhynchus | _(8604841637).jpg) |
[61] | |
| Long-finned pilot whale | 37,200,000,000* | Optical fractionator | Globicephala melas |  |
[69] | |
| Killer whale | 43,100,000,000* | Optical fractionator | Orcinus orca |  |
[61][64] |
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See also[edit]
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Notes[edit]
- ^ ^ = Estimated
- = Optical fractionator
- ^ ± standard deviation
- ^ For the estimated (isotropic fractionator) values, the number of cortical neurons calculated from brain mass for different mammalian and bird orders are based on correlation observed between number of cortical neuron and brain mass per order[55]
References[edit]
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