List of bodies of water by salinity

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Water salinity
Water salinity diagram.png
Salinity levels
Fresh water (< 0.05%)
Brackish water (0.05–3%)
Saline water (3–5%)
Brine (> 5% up to 26%-28% max)
Bodies of water

This is a list of bodies of water by salinity that is limited to natural bodies of water that have a stable salinity above 0.05%, at or below which water is considered fresh.

Water salinity often varies by location and season, particularly with hypersaline lakes in arid areas, so the salinity figures in the table below should be interpreted as an approximate indicator.

Salinity, g/kg (‰) Name Type Region or countries Refs
433 Gaet'ale Pond salt lake Ethiopia [1][2]
400 Lake Retba salt lake Senegal [citation needed]
350 Lake Vanda salt lake Antarctica [citation needed]
350 Garabogazköl lagoon Turkmenistan [3]
348 Lake Assal salt lake Djibouti [4]
338 Don Juan Pond salt lake Antarctica [5]
337 Dead Sea salt lake Israel, Jordan, West Bank [6]
324 Lake Tuz (Tuz Gölü) salt lake Turkey [7]
317 Great Salt Lake, North Arm salt lake Great Basin, Utah, United States [8]
300 Lake Baskunchak salt lake Astrakhan Oblast, Russia [9]
85–280 Lake Urmia salt lake Iran [10]
180 Little Manitou Lake salt lake Canada [11]
153 Lake Pikrolimni salt lake Greece [12]
142 Great Salt Lake, South Arm salt lake Great Basin, Utah, United States [8]
120 Lake Abert salt lake Great Basin, Oregon, United States [13]
95 Techirghiol Lake salt lake Romania [14]
88 Mono Lake salt lake United States [15] (as of 2015)
66 Hamelin Pool lagoon Australia [16]
44 Salton Sea salt lake United States [17]
41–45 Great Bitter Lake salt lake Egypt [18]
38 Mediterranean Sea mediterranean sea Southern Europe, Levant, North Africa [19]
36–41 Red Sea mediterranean sea Egypt, Sudan, Arabian Peninsula, Horn of Africa [20]
30–40 Lake Natron salt lake Tanzania [21]
34–36 World Ocean ocean Worldwide [22]
35+ Lake Eyre Endorheic lake Australia [23][n 1]
34.06 ± 0.543 Lough Hyne marine lake Republic of Ireland [24]
28–32 Beaufort Sea marginal sea North of Alaska and Canada [25]
22 Sea of Marmara mediterranean sea Between the Balkan Peninsula and the Anatolian peninsula [26]
0.13–31.73 Chilika Lake lagoon India [27]
13–23 Black Sea mediterranean sea Between Europe and Asia - Balkan Peninsula, Eastern Europe, Anatolia, Caucasus [28]
23 Lake Van salt lake Turkey [29]
12.5 Caspian Sea salt lake Eastern Europe/ Western Asia [30]
11.4 Sarygamysh Lake salt lake Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan [31]
10 Baltic Sea marginal sea Northern Europe [32][n 2]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Perez, Eduardo; Chebude, Yonas (April 2017). "Chemical Analysis of Gaet'ale, a Hypersaline Pond in Danakil Depression (Ethiopia): New Record for the Most Saline Water Body on Earth". Aquatic Geochemistry. 23 (2): 109–117. doi:10.1007/s10498-017-9312-z. S2CID 132715553.
  2. ^ "Guinness World Records".
  3. ^ Aladin, Nicolai; Plotnikov, Igor (28 June 2004). Lake Basin Management Initiative - The Caspian Sea (PDF) (Report). p. 6. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
  4. ^ Woodward, Susan L. "Saline Lakes". Biomes of the World. Radford, Virginia: Department of Geospatial Science, Radford University. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
  5. ^ Hammer, U.T. (1986). Saline Lake Ecosystems of the World. Springer. p. 109. ISBN 9789061935353. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  6. ^ Goetz, P.W. (ed.) The New Encyclopædia Britannica (15th ed.). Vol. 3, p. 937. Chicago, 1986
  7. ^ "Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) - UNESCO World Heritage Centre". Unesco World Heritage Center. 2020. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  8. ^ a b White, James S.; Null, Sarah E.; Tarboton, David (2004). "More than Meets the Eye: Managing Salinity in Great Salt Lake, Utah" (PDF). LakeLine (Fall 2004): 25–29. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  9. ^ "Bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky - Russian Nature Reserve".
  10. ^ "Lake Urmia". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  11. ^ Little Manitou Lake. The Canadian Encyclopedia.
  12. ^ Dotsika, E.; Maniatis, Y.; Tzavidopoulos, E.; Poutoukis, D.; Albanakis, K. (2004). "Hydrogeochemical Condition of the Pikrolimni Lake (Kilkis Greece)". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece. 36 (1): 192–195. doi:10.12681/bgsg.16618. ISSN 2529-1718.
  13. ^ Solute Balance at Abert and Summer Lakes, South-Central Oregon
  14. ^ "Lacul Techirghiol".
  15. ^ Willever, Katherine Lynn (2016). "Biogeochemistry of a Saline, Alkaline, Terminal Lake Ecosystem in Transition; Walker Lake, Nevada". UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones (2817): 15. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
  16. ^ Suosaari, Erica; Reid, Pamela; Playford, Phillip; et al. (2016). "New multi-scale perspectives on the stromatolites of Shark Bay, Western Australia". Scientific Reports. 6 (20557): 20557. Bibcode:2016NatSR...620557S. doi:10.1038/srep20557. PMC 4738353. PMID 26838605.
  17. ^ "The Salton Sea". The Salton Sea Authority. October 1997.
  18. ^ El-Serehy, Hamed A.; Abdallah, Hala S.; Al-Misned, Fahad A.; Irshad, Rizwan; Al-Farraj, Saleh A.; Almalki, Esam S. (2018). "Aquatic ecosystem health and trophic status classification of the Bitter Lakes along the main connecting link between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean". Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 25 (2): 204–212. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.12.004. ISSN 1319-562X. PMC 5816010. PMID 29472766.
  19. ^ "Ocean salinity". Science Learning Hub. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
  20. ^ A. Anati, David (March 1999). "The salinity of hypersaline brines: Concepts and misconceptions". International Journal of Salt Lake Research. 8: 55–70. doi:10.1023/A:1009059827435.
  21. ^ The Biology and Culture of Tilapias: Proceedings of the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, p.38
  22. ^ "Ocean salinity".
  23. ^ "Floods of Lake Eyre". k26press.
  24. ^ "Nutrient and Ecosystem Dynamics in Ireland's Only Marine Nature Reserve (NEIDIN)" (PDF).
  25. ^ "Beaufort Sea". Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian).
  26. ^ "Sea of Marmara".
  27. ^ Indian Journal of Marine Sciences - Variation of Water Quality of Chilika Lake, Orissa
  28. ^ Black Sea - Encyclopedia of Ukraine
  29. ^ Yama, Tomonaga (22 March 2017). "Porewater salinity reveals past lake-level changes in Lake Van, the Earth's largest soda lake". Scientific Reports. 7 (7): 313. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7..313T. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00371-w. PMC 5428207. PMID 28331216.
  30. ^ Lake Basin Management Initiative - The Caspian Sea (2004)
  31. ^ Orlovsky, Leah; Matsrafi, Offir; Orlovsky, Nikolai; Kouznetsov, Michael (2014). "Sarykamysh Lake: Collector of Drainage Water – the Past, the Present, and the Future". The Turkmen Lake Altyn Asyr and Water Resources in Turkmenistan. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. 28. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. pp. 107–140. doi:10.1007/698_2012_191. ISBN 978-3-642-38606-0.
  32. ^ Long Term Temperature & Salinity Records from the Baltic Sea Transition Zone

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ When full, Lake Eyre salinity is the same as oceans; due to a 45cm thick salt layer when dry, it rises as water evaporates.
  2. ^ Some bays have considerably lower salinity.

Bibliography[edit]

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