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List of children of presidents of the United States

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Theodore Roosevelt and Edith Carow Roosevelt with their children. Children from left to right: Quentin Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelt Jr., Archibald Roosevelt, Alice Longworth, Kermit Roosevelt, and Ethel Roosevelt Derby

The following people are children of U.S. presidents, including biological children, confirmed and alleged extramarital children, adopted or abducted children, stepchildren, and legal wards. Status of paternity investigation/confirmation is included with entries for alleged extramarital children. All full names (including full married names) are given. Currently there are 33 confirmed, known living presidential children, of whom the oldest is Lynda Bird Johnson Robb and the youngest is Barron Trump. Two presidential children, John Quincy Adams and George W. Bush, have become president in their own right. John Scott Harrison is the only person to be both a child of a U.S. president and a parent of another U.S. president, being a son of William Henry Harrison and the father of Benjamin Harrison. Five presidents fathered no (known, biological) children: George Washington, James Madison, Andrew Jackson, James K. Polk, and James Buchanan. Wives of two of these presidents, Martha Washington and Dolley Madison, had children from previous marriages; Rachel Jackson had no biological children from either of her marriages.[1] At least six presidents have had alleged or confirmed extramarital children.[2] Several presidents, including Thomas Jefferson, John Tyler, William Henry Harrison, and Andrew Johnson, have alleged or confirmed extramarital children with enslaved women or girls who could not legally consent to or reject sexual intercourse with their enslavers because they had no legal personhood and no recourse of any kind.[3][4] During the Creek War, Andrew Jackson sent three Indigenous or mixed-race babies to the Hermitage.[5] These children have been variously described as adopted or as spoils of war.[6]

Presidential children have been studied individually and as a class. As individuals they are more often notable in their own right than most individuals: They disproportionately circulate among political and social leaders and the wealthier classes, and they are more likely to be scrutinized as part of celebrity culture. Additionally, as individuals they frequently have significant influence on other family members. For instance, a child may have had a significant influence on the child's parent: acting as a sounding board, or having behavioral issues that affected the parent's beliefs or performance. A number of presidential sons and wards have served their fathers as Secretary to the President of the United States.[7] Due to a combination of nepotism, generational wealth, and the spoils system, children of presidents have often received benefit from being born into an American political family, either by dint of government appointments or other advantage in running for office.[8]

As a class, the children of presidents have also occasioned significant study. Study has generally followed two paths: The issue of what access and inclusion within the circles of power does to individuals' lives, aspirations, and outcomes;[9] and the issue of their influence on society and politics.[10]

18th century

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George and Martha Washington

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No biological children together. Martha Washington had four children with Daniel Parke Custis.
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Daniel Parke Custis Jr. (1751-11-19)November 19, 1751 – February 19, 1754(1754-02-19) (aged 2) No spouse Posthumous stepson; died before Martha Custis' marriage to George Washington.
Frances Parke Custis (1753-04-12)April 12, 1753 – April 1, 1757(1757-04-01) (aged 3) No spouse Posthumous stepson; died before Martha Custis' marriage to George Washington.
John Parke Custis John Parke Custis
Nickname: Jacky 		(1754-11-27)November 27, 1754 – November 5, 1781(1781-11-05) (aged 26) Eleanor Calvert Stepson. Died from "camp fever" while serving in the American Revolutionary War.

Father of:

Patsy Parke Custis Martha Parke Custis
Nickname: Patsy 		1756 – June 19, 1773(1773-06-19) (aged 17) No spouse Stepdaughter. Died from an epileptic seizure.

Alleged illegitimate children of George Washington

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Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Thomas Posey (1750-06-09)June 9, 1750 – March 19, 1818(1818-03-19) (aged 67) Martha Mathews Posey's parentage is unclear. According to rumors, Posey was born out of wedlock to the widow of George Harrison and was adopted by her second husband John Posey; that he was the illegitimate child of John Posey and another woman; or that he might have been the natural son of seventeen-year-old George Washington and an unnamed "Low Land Beauty" who was raised by the Poseys.[11][12]
Mary Alexander Thornton
West Ford c. 1784 – July 20, 1863(1863-07-20) (aged 78–79) Caretaker at Mount Vernon; descendants assert Washington was his father, see West Ford § Washington fatherhood controversy

John and Abigail Adams

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Main article: Adams political family
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Nabby Smith Abigail Adams
Nickname: Nabby or Amelia 		(1765-07-14)July 14, 1765 – August 15, 1813(1813-08-15) (aged 48) William Stephens Smith Earliest confirmed biological child of a President of the United States. Mother of:
  • William Steuben Smith (1787–1850)
  • John Adams Smith (1788–1854)
  • Thomas Hollis Smith (1790–1791)
  • Caroline Amelia Smith (1795–1852)
J.Q. Adams John Quincy Adams
6th president (1825–1829)
 		(1767-07-11)July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848(1848-02-23) (aged 80) Louisa Catherine Johnson 6th president of the United States, see below at John Quincy and Louisa Adams
Susanna Adams
Nickname: Suky 		(1768-12-28)December 28, 1768 – February 4, 1770(1770-02-04) (aged 1) No spouse Died of an unknown illness
Charles Adams Charles Adams (1770-05-29)May 29, 1770 – November 30, 1800(1800-11-30) (aged 30) Sarah Smith Died likely of pleurisy; the first First Child to die during their parent's presidency.

Father of:

  • Susanna Boylston Adams (1796–1884)
  • Abigail Louisa Smith Adams (1798–1836)
Thomas Boylston Adams Thomas Boylston Adams (1772-09-15)September 15, 1772 – March 13, 1832(1832-03-13) (aged 59) Ann Harrod Father of:
  • Abigail Smith Adams (1806–1845)
  • Thomas Boylston Adams (1809–1837)
  • Elizabeth Coombs Adams (1809–1903)
  • Frances Foster Adams (1811–1812)
  • Isaac Hull Adams (1813–1900)
  • John Quincy Adams (1815–1854)
  • Joseph Harrod Adams (1817–1853)
Elizabeth Adams July 11, 1777 No spouse Stillborn

19th century

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Thomas and Martha Jefferson

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Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
John Skelton (1767-11-07)November 7, 1767 – June 10, 1771(1771-06-10) (aged 3) No spouse Posthumous stepson; died before Martha Skelton's marriage to Jefferson. Fathered by her first husband, Bathurst Skelton.
Patsy Randolph Martha Jefferson
Nickname: Patsy 		(1772-09-27)September 27, 1772 – October 10, 1836(1836-10-10) (aged 64) Thomas Mann Randolph Jr.

Mother of:

  • Ann Cary Randolph (1791–1826)
  • Thomas Jefferson Randolph (1792–1875)
  • Ellen Wayles Randolph (1794–1795) (Died in infancy due to a fatal illness. Her parents later gave her full name to their next child and daughter born in 1796.)
  • Ellen Wayles Randolph (1796–1876)
  • Cornelia Jefferson Randolph (1799–1871)
  • Virginia Jefferson Randolph (1801–1881)
  • Mary Jefferson Randolph (1803–1876)
  • James Madison Randolph (1806–1834)
  • Benjamin Franklin Randolph (1808–1871)
  • Meriwether Lewis Randolph (1810–1837)
  • Septimia Anne Randolph (1814–1887)
  • George Wythe Randolph (1818–1867)
Jane Randolph Jefferson (1774-04-03)April 3, 1774 – September 1775(1775-09-00) (aged 1)[13] No spouse Died of unknown causes
[14] (1777-05-28)May 28, 1777 – (aged 17 days) Died in infancy
Mary Jefferson
Nickname: Polly or Maria 		(1778-08-01)August 1, 1778 – April 17, 1804(1804-04-17) (aged 25) John Wayles Eppes Mother of:
  • Baby Girl Eppes (1799–1800)
  • Francis Wayles Eppes (1801–1881)
  • Maria Jefferson Eppes (1804–1806)
Lucy Elizabeth Jefferson (I) (1780-11-30)November 30, 1780 – (aged 4 months) No spouse Died of an unspecified illness[15]
Lucy Elizabeth Jefferson (II) (1782-05-08)May 8, 1782 – c. October 13, 1784(1784-10-13) (aged 2)[16] Died of whooping cough[16]

Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings (enslaved concubine)

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Children with Sally Hemings; see Jefferson DNA data
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Harriet Hemings (I) (1795-10-05)October 5, 1795 – December 7, 1797(1797-12-07) (aged 2) No spouse Died of unknown causes
Beverly Hemings (1798-04-01)April 1, 1798 – fl. 1822 A white woman in Maryland One daughter, unnamed
Hemings c. (1799-12-07)December 7, 1799 – c. 1800 No spouse Died in early childhood
Harriet Hemings (II) (1801-05-22)May 22, 1801 – fl. 1822 Unknown Unknown
Madison Hemings (1805-01-18)January 18, 1805 – November 26, 1877(1877-11-26) (aged 72) Mary Hughes McCoy Father of:
  • Hemings
  • Sarah Hemings (1835–1884)
  • Thomas Eston Hemings (1839–1865)
  • Harriet Hemings (1842–1926)
  • Mary Ann Hemings (1843–1921)
  • Catherine Jane Hemings (1844-1880)
  • William Beverly Hemings (1847–1910)
  • James Madison Hemings (1849–1922)
  • Julia Ann Hemings (1851–1867)
  • Ellen Wayles Hemings (1856–1940)
Eston Hemings (1808-05-21)May 21, 1808 – January 3, 1856(1856-01-03) (aged 47) Julia Ann Isaacs Father of:
  • John Wayles Jefferson (1835–1892)
  • Anna Wayles Jefferson (1837–1866)
  • Beverly Frederick Jefferson (1839–1908)
Thomas Woodson, the father of Lewis Woodson and Sarah Jane Woodson, was also claimed to be a child of Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings. However, DNA testing of the male Jefferson line and the male Woodson line showed no link.

James and Dolley Madison

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No children together, but raised the older of Dolley's two sons from her first marriage to John Todd.

Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
John Payne Todd John Payne Todd
Nickname: Payne 		(1792-02-29)February 29, 1792 – January 16, 1852(1852-01-16) (aged 59) No spouse Stepson raised by James Madison; father was John Todd Jr.
William Temple Todd (1793-07-04)July 4, 1793 – (aged 3 months) Posthumous stepson; died of yellow fever, along with his biological father, in the 1793 Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic[17]

James and Elizabeth Monroe

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Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Elizabeth Kortright Monroe Elizabeth Kortright Monroe
Nickname: Eliza 		December 1786 – January 27, 1840(1840-01-27) (aged 53)[18][19] George Hay Mother of Hortensia Monroe Hay (1809–1834)
James Spence Monroe May 1799 – September 28, 1800(1800-09-28) (aged 1)[20][a] No spouse Died after "several days sickness"[20]
Maria Hester Monroe Maria Hester Monroe (1802-04-08)April 8, 1802 – June 20, 1850(1850-06-20) (aged 48) Samuel Laurence Gouverneur Mother of:
  • Hester Gouverneur (1821)
  • James Monroe Gouverneur (1822–1885)
  • Elizabeth Kortright Gouverneur (1824–1868)
  • Samuel Laurence Gouverneur, Jr. (1826–1880)

John Quincy and Louisa Adams

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Main article: Adams political family
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
George Washington Adams George Washington Adams (1801-04-12)April 12, 1801 – April 30, 1829(1829-04-30) (aged 28) None[b] Jumped off of a boat and drowned, believed to have been a suicide.
John Adams II John Adams II (1803-07-04)July 4, 1803 – October 23, 1834(1834-10-23) (aged 31) Mary Catherine Hellen Father of:
  • Mary Louisa Adams (December 2, 1828 – July 16, 1859)
  • Georgiana Frances Adams (September 10, 1830 – November 20, 1839)
Unknown identity [22] June 22, 1806 No spouse Stillborn
Charles Adams Charles Francis Adams Sr. (1807-08-18)August 18, 1807 – November 21, 1886(1886-11-21) (aged 79) Abigail Brown Brooks

Served as Ambassador to the United Kingdom (1861–1868)
Father of:

Louisa Catherine Adams (1811-08-12)August 12, 1811 – September 15, 1812(1812-09-15) (aged 1) No spouse Died in Saint Petersburg, Russia from an unknown illness while her father was serving as Minister to Russia[23][24]

Andrew and Rachel Jackson

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Main articles: Wards of Andrew Jackson and Indigenous members of the Andrew Jackson household
No biological children together, informally "adopted" four.[25] Andrew and Rachel also served as guardians to at least eight other children, and there were a total of 37 individuals who could be considered wards of Andrew Jackson. According to researcher Rachel Meredith, "Andrew Jr. was the only ward that he and Rachel considered to be a child of theirs."[26] Andrew Jackson Jr. is the only person listed as a descendant of Andrew and Rachel in family trees included in volume one of The Papers of Andrew Jackson and in Robert V. Remini's biographies.[27][28]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Andrew Jackson Jr. Andrew Jackson Jr. (1808-12-04)December 4, 1808 – April 17, 1865(1865-04-17) (aged 56) Sarah Yorke Biological child of Rachel's brother Severn Donelson; adopted in infancy. Died of tetanus contracted in hunting accident.

Father of five:

  • Rachel Jackson Lawrence (1832–1923)
  • Andrew Jackson III (1834–1906)
  • Samuel Jackson (1837–1863)
  • Thomas Jefferson Jackson (1841–1841)
  • Robert Armstrong Jackson (1843–1843)
Theodore c. 1813 – before March 1814 Muscogee, possibly taken prisoner at Littafuchee, sent to live at the Hermitage as a companion for Andrew Jackson Jr.
Charley fl. February – April 1814 Indigenous or mixed-race orphan, tribal affiliation unknown; Charley was given to Jackson, perhaps as a tribute, and he was sent to live at the Hermitage as a companion to Andrew Jackson Donelson
Lyncoya Jackson Lyncoya Jackson c. 1811 – (aged 16) No spouse, no children Muscogee survivor of the Battle of Tallushatchee; died of tuberculosis.
John Samuel Donelson Before 1805–1817 No spouse, no children Orphaned nephews of Rachel, sons of Samuel Donelson who died in 1804. Major General Daniel Smith Donelson died from chronic diarrhea outside of combat.
Andrew Jackson Donelson Andrew Jackson Donelson (1799-08-25)August 25, 1799 – June 26, 1871(1871-06-26) (aged 71) Emily Tennessee Donelson
Elizabeth Martin Randolph
Daniel Smith Donelson Daniel Smith Donelson (1801-06-23)June 23, 1801 – April 17, 1863(1863-04-17) (aged 61) Margaret Donelson
John Hutchings Jr. Andrew Jackson Hutchings 1812 – 1841 (aged 28–29) Mary Coffee Orphaned grandnephew of Rachel
Caroline Swanwick Butler 1789 – 1864 (aged 74–75) Robert G. Bell Orphaned children of family friend Edward Butler[29]
Eliza Eleanor Butler (1791-04-20)April 20, 1791 – November 4, 1850(1850-11-04) (aged 59) John Donelson IV (1787–1840)[c]
Edward G. W. Butler Edward George Washington Butler (1800-02-22)February 22, 1800 – September 5, 1888(1888-09-05) (aged 88) Frances Parke Lewis[d]
Anthony Wayne Butler 1803 – September 1824 (aged 20–21) No spouse, no children

Martin and Hannah Van Buren

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Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Abraham Van Buren Abraham Van Buren II (1807-11-27)November 27, 1807 – March 15, 1873(1873-03-15) (aged 65) Angelica Singleton Father of:
  • Rebecca Van Buren (1840-1840)
  • Singleton Van Buren (1841-1879)
  • Infant Son Van Buren (1843-1843)
  • Martin Van Buren II (1844-1885)
  • Travis Coles Van Buren (1849-1889)
John Van Buren John Van Buren (1810-02-18)February 18, 1810 – October 13, 1866(1866-10-13) (aged 56) Elizabeth Vanderpoel Father of:
  • Anna Van Buren (1842–1923)
Martin Van Buren Jr.
Nickname: Matt 		(1812-12-20)December 20, 1812 – March 19, 1855(1855-03-19) (aged 42) No spouse and no children Died of tuberculosis
Winfield Scott Van Buren 1814 Died in infancy
Smith Thompson Van Buren (1817-01-16)January 16, 1817 – December 10, 1876(1876-12-10) (aged 59) Ellen King James 7 children between 2 wives
Henrietta Eckford Irving
[32] c. 1807 or c. 1818 No spouse Stillborn

William Henry and Anna Harrison

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Main article: Harrison family of Virginia
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Elizabeth Bassett Harrison
Nickname: Betsy 		(1796-09-29)September 29, 1796 – September 27, 1846(1846-09-27) (aged 49) John Cleves Short Mother of:
  • Mary Short (1815-1816)
John Cleves Symmes Harrison (1798-10-28)October 28, 1798 – October 30, 1830(1830-10-30) (aged 32) Clarissa Pike[e] Father of:
  • Zebuline Adeline Pike Harrison (1821-1849)
  • Anna Maria Symmes Harrison (1822-1849)
  • Clara Harrison (1824-1883)
  • Montgomery Pike Harrison (1826-1849)
  • William Henry Harrison (1828-1900)
Lucy Singleton Harrison September 1800 – April 7, 1826(1826-04-07) (aged 25)[33] David K. Este[34] Mother of:
  • William Harrison Este (1820-1820)
  • Lucy Ann Harrison Este (1822-1868)
  • David Este (1826-1826)
William Henry Harrison Jr. (1802-09-03)September 3, 1802 – February 6, 1838(1838-02-06) (aged 35)[33] Jane Findlay Irwin Father of
  • Adeline Harrison (1823-1869)
  • James Findlay Harrison (1825-1907)
  • William Henry Harrison III (1826-1904)
John Harrison John Scott Harrison (1804-10-04)October 4, 1804 – May 25, 1878(1878-05-25) (aged 73) Lucretia Knapp Johnson Father of
  • Elizabeth Short Harrison (1825-1904)
  • William Henry Harrison (1827-1829)
  • Sarah Lucretia Harrison (1829-1917)
Elizabeth Ramsey Irwin Mother of
  • Archibald Irwin Harrison (1832-1870)
  • 23rd president (1889–1893) Benjamin Harrison (1833–1901)
  • Mary Jane Harrison (1836-1867)
  • Anne Symmes Harrison (1837-1838)
  • John Irwin Harrison (1839-1839)
  • Carter Bassett Harrison (1840-1905)
  • Anna Symmes Harrison (1842-1926)
  • John Scott Harrison (1844-1926)
  • James Findlay Harrison (1847-1848)
  • James Irwin Harrison (1849-1850)
Benjamin Harrison 1806 – June 9, 1840(1840-06-09) (aged 33–34)[33] Louisa Smith Bonner 2 children
Mary Raney 3 children
Mary Symmes Harrison (1809-01-22)January 22, 1809 – November 16, 1842(1842-11-16) (aged 33)[35] John Henry Fitzhugh Thornton 6 children[36]
Carter Bassett Harrison (1811-10-26)October 26, 1811 – August 12, 1839(1839-08-12) (aged 27) Mary Anne Sutherland 1 child
Anna Tuthill Harrison (1813-10-28)October 28, 1813 – July 5, 1845(1845-07-05) (aged 29)[35] William Henry Harrison Taylor[f] 7 children
James Findlay Harrison (1818-06-21)June 21, 1818 – April 6, 1819(1819-04-06) (aged 0)[35] No spouse Died of unknown causes

William Henry Harrison and Dilsia (enslaved concubine)

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Paternity unconfirmed as of 2024
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Dilsia Harrison 1809 – before 1900 Unknown Daughter conceived by one of his slaves[37]
Harrison ♀️ (I)
Harrison ♀️ (II)
Harrison ♀️ (III)
Harrison ♀️ (IV)
Marie Harrison 1840 – 1875(1875-00-00) (aged 34–35) No spouse Had 4 children with Augustus C. Ware (1830–1872). Grandmother of Walter Francis White, head of the NAACP

John and Letitia Tyler

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Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Mary Tyler (1815-04-15)April 15, 1815 – June 17, 1847(1847-06-17) (aged 32) Henry Lightfoot Jones Mother of:
  • John Tyler Jones (1836-1898)
  • Robert Tyler Jones (1843-1895)
Robert Tyler (1816-09-09)September 9, 1816 – December 3, 1877(1877-12-03) (aged 61) Elizabeth Priscilla Cooper 8 children
John Tyler Jr. (1819-04-27)April 27, 1819 – January 26, 1896(1896-01-26) (aged 76) Martha Rochelle 3 children
Letitia Christian Tyler
Nickname: Letty 		(1821-05-11)May 11, 1821 – December 28, 1907(1907-12-28) (aged 86) James Allen Semple No children
Elizabeth Tyler
Nickname: Lizzie 		(1823-07-11)July 11, 1823 – June 1, 1850(1850-06-01) (aged 26) William Nevison Waller 5 children
Anne Contesse Tyler[38] (1825-04-05)April 5, 1825 – (aged 2–3 months) No spouse Died in infancy
Alice Tyler (1827-03-23)March 23, 1827 – June 8, 1854(1854-06-08) (aged 27) Henry Mandeville Denison 1 daughter[39]
Tazewell Tyler (1830-01-08)January 8, 1830 – January 8, 1874(1874-01-08) (aged 43) Nannie Bridges 1 daughter

John Tyler and multiple unidentified enslaved concubines

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Paternity unconfirmed as of 2024. Abolitionist Joshua Leavitt reported the information about John Tyler and Charles Tyler. The claim that Tyler had fathered multiple children with slaves was largely ignored by 19th-century historians. In addition to the Dunjees, the Brown family of Charles City County claims descent from Tyler by an enslaved concubine. Biographer Edward P. Crapol states that Tyler's white descendants are skeptical of claims by the Browns. However, per Crapol, in light of the resolution of the Hemings–Jefferson controversy in favor of Hemings descendants, "claims that John Tyler fathered children by his slaves must be taken seriously and examined thoroughly."[40]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Charles Tyler Born c. 1810–1820? (est.) Per Leavitt, escaped to Canada through Poughkeepsie, eventually moved to England as a servant of Governor-General John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham[40]
John Tyler Born c. 1815–1830? (est.) Per Leavitt by way of a Baptist minister, John Tyler the younger had been sold out of Williamsburg to a new owner in Richmond; he claimed that he was one of several children Tyler fathered with his mother but "I reckon they are all sold before now."[40]
John Dunjee John William Dunjee 1833 – April 19, 1903(1903-04-19) (aged 69–70) Lydia Ann Taylor Allegedly the son of John Tyler[41]
Father of:

John and Julia Tyler

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Gardie Tyler David Gardiner Tyler
Nickname: Gardie 		(1846-07-12)July 12, 1846 – September 5, 1927(1927-09-05) (aged 81) Mary Morris Jones 5 children
John Alexander Tyler
Nickname: Alex 		(1848-04-07)April 7, 1848 – September 1, 1883(1883-09-01) (aged 35) Sarah Griswold Gardiner 2 children
Julia Gardiner Tyler (1849-12-25)December 25, 1849 – May 8, 1871(1871-05-08) (aged 21) William H. Spencer Julia Tyler Spencer Cheever (1871–1955, born via coffin birth)
Lachlan Tyler (1851-12-02)December 2, 1851 – January 26, 1902(1902-01-26) (aged 50) Georgia Webb Powell No children
Lyon Tyler Lyon Gardiner Tyler (1853-08-24)August 24, 1853 – February 12, 1935(1935-02-12) (aged 81) Anne Baker Tucker Father of:
  • Julia Gardiner Tyler (1881–1965)
  • Elizabeth Gilmour Tyler (1885–1976)
  • John Tyler (1889–1969)
Sue Ruffin Father of:
Robert Fitzwalter Tyler (1856-03-12)March 12, 1856 – December 30, 1927(1927-12-30) (aged 71) Fannie Glenn At least 3 children
Margaret Pearl Tyler (1860-06-20)June 20, 1860 – June 30, 1947(1947-06-30) (aged 87) William Munford Ellis 8 children

James and Sarah Polk

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The Polks remain the only presidential couple to never have children (biologically, adopted, or from previous marriage).
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Marshal Polk Marshall Tate Polk Jr. (1831-05-15)May 15, 1831 – February 29, 1884(1884-02-29) (aged 52) Evalina McNeal Bills Guardianship/legal ward, nephew, son of brother Marshall Tate Polk
Sarah Polk Fall Sarah Polk Fall (1847-04-01)April 1, 1847 – July 22, 1924(1924-07-22) (aged 77) George William Fall Legal ward, shortly after the death of the president his widow unofficially adopted a great niece

Zachary and Margaret Taylor

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Ann Mackall Taylor (1811-04-09)April 9, 1811 – December 2, 1875(1875-12-02) (aged 64) Dr. Robert Crooke Wood Mother of 4, including John Taylor Wood (1830–1904)
Sarah Taylor Sarah Knox Taylor
Nickname: Knoxie 		(1814-03-06)March 6, 1814 – September 15, 1835(1835-09-15) (aged 21)[42] Jefferson F. Davis Died from malaria as a newlywed
Octavia Pannel Taylor[43] [g] (1816-08-16)August 16, 1816 – September 3, 1820(1820-09-03) (aged 4)[42] No spouse Died from malaria[h]
Margaret Smith Taylor (1819-07-17)July 17, 1819 – October 1820(1820-10-00) (aged 1) Died from malaria[i]
Mary Taylor Bliss Mary Elizabeth Taylor
Nickname: Betty 		April 20, 1824 – July 25, 1909 William Wallace Smith Bliss Betty Bliss served as President Taylor's White House hostess, as the First Lady was an invalid.
Philip Pendleton Dandridge
Richard Taylor Richard Taylor
Nickname: Dick 		(1826-01-27)January 27, 1826 – April 17, 1879(1879-04-17) (aged 53)[42] Louise Marie Myrthe Bringier Father of Richard, Zachary, Louise, Elizabeth, and Myrthe

Millard and Abigail Fillmore

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Millard Powers Fillmore Millard Powers Fillmore
Nickname: Powers 		(1828-04-25)April 25, 1828 – November 15, 1889(1889-11-15) (aged 61) No spouse and no children Last living descendant of President Fillmore[46]
Abby Fillmore Mary Abigail Fillmore
Nickname: Abby 		(1832-03-27)March 27, 1832 – July 26, 1854(1854-07-26) (aged 22) Served as Unofficial Acting First Lady during her mother's illness. Died of cholera
Fillmore's second wife was Caroline Fillmore but they had no children.

Franklin and Jane Pierce

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Franklin Pierce Jr. (1836-02-02)February 2, 1836 – (aged 2 days) No spouse Died from complications to his birth
Frank Robert Pierce (1839-08-27)August 27, 1839 – November 14, 1843(1843-11-14) (aged 4) Died of typhus after contracting it along with his brother
Benjamin Pierce with his mother Jane Benjamin Pierce
Nickname: Benny 		(1841-04-13)April 13, 1841 – January 6, 1853(1853-01-06) (aged 11) Died in a train accident in front of his parents, weeks before his father was inaugurated

James Buchanan

[edit]
Buchanan never married or had children; he served as legal guardian of two nieces.
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Mary Elizabeth Speer Lane 1826 – 1855(1855-00-00) (aged 28–29) George Washington Baker Adopted daughter; niece (daughter of sister Jane Buchanan and Elliot Tole Lane)
Harriet Lane Harriet Rebecca Lane (1830-05-09)May 9, 1830 – July 3, 1903(1903-07-03) (aged 73) Henry Elliott Johnston Adopted daughter; niece (daughter of sister Jane Buchanan and Elliot Tole Lane); served as Acting First Lady

Mother of:

  • James Buchanan Johnston (1866–1881)
  • Henry Elliott Johnston (1870–1882)

Abraham and Mary Lincoln

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Robert Lincoln Robert Todd Lincoln (1843-08-01)August 1, 1843 – July 26, 1926(1926-07-26) (aged 82) Mary Eunice Harlan Served as Secretary of War under the administrations of James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur.

Father of:

Eddie Lincoln Edward Baker Lincoln
Nickname: Eddie 		(1846-03-10)March 10, 1846 – February 1, 1850(1850-02-01) (aged 3) No spouse Died of "chronic consumption".
Willie Lincoln William Wallace Lincoln
Nickname: Willie 		(1850-12-21)December 21, 1850 – February 20, 1862(1862-02-20) (aged 11) Died from typhoid fever.
Tad Lincoln Thomas Lincoln III
Nickname: Tad 		(1853-04-04)April 4, 1853 – July 15, 1871(1871-07-15) (aged 18) The cause of Tad Lincoln's death has been reported as possibly any one of the following:

Andrew and Eliza Johnson

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Martha Johnson Martha Johnson (1828-10-25)October 25, 1828 – July 10, 1901(1901-07-10) (aged 72) David Trotter Patterson Martha Johnson Patterson § Descendants:
  • Andrew Johnson Patterson (1857–1932)
  • Mary Belle Patterson Landstreet (1859–1891)[51]
Charles Johnson Charles Johnson (1830-02-19)February 19, 1830 – April 4, 1863(1863-04-04) (aged 33) No spouse and no children Died while enlisted in American Civil War from horse-related violence.[52][53]
Mary Johnson Stover Brown Mary Johnson (1832-05-08)May 8, 1832 – April 19, 1883(1883-04-19) (aged 50) Daniel Stover Mary Johnson Stover § Descendants
  • Eliza Johnson "Lillie" Stover Maloney (1855–1892)
  • Sarah Drake Stover Bachman (1857–1886)
  • Andrew Johnson Stover (1860–1923)
William R. Brown
Robert Johnson Robert Johnson (1834-02-22)February 22, 1834 – April 22, 1869(1869-04-22) (aged 35) No spouse and no children
Andrew Johnson Jr.
Nickname: Frank 		(1852-08-05)August 5, 1852 – March 12, 1879(1879-03-12) (aged 26) Bessie May Rumbough No children

Andrew and Dolly Johnson (enslaved concubine)

[edit]
Andrew Johnson was most likely the father of Liz, Florence, and William Andrew by Dolly Johnson; paternity not confirmed as of 2024.
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Elizabeth Johnson Forby March 1846 – October 3, 1905(1905-10-03) (aged 59) George Forby Mother of nine children (Elizabeth Johnson Forby § Descendants)
Florence Johnson Florence Johnson Smith May 1850 – September 5, 1920(1920-09-05) (aged 70) Henry Smith Mother of four children (Florence Johnson Smith § Descendants)
William Andrew Johnson William Andrew Johnson (1858-02-08)February 8, 1858 – May 16, 1943(1943-05-16) (aged 85) No spouse and no children Andrew Johnson's son Robert Johnson is listed as father on William Andrew Johnson's death certificate.[j][56][57]

Ulysses and Julia Grant

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Frederick Grant Frederick Dent Grant (1850-05-30)May 30, 1850 – April 12, 1912(1912-04-12) (aged 61) Ida Marie Honoré Father of:
Buck Grant Ulysses S. Grant Jr.
Nickname: Buck 		(1852-07-22)July 22, 1852 – September 25, 1929(1929-09-25) (aged 77) Frances Josephine "Fannie" Chaffee Father of 5:
  • Miriam Grant (1881–1940)
  • Chaffee Grant (1883–1940)
  • Julia Dent Grant (1885–1964)
  • Fannie Grant (1889–1924)
  • Ulysses Simpson Grant IV (1893–1977)
America Rosa Workman Will No children
Nellie Grant Ellen Wrenshall Grant
Nickname: Nellie 		(1855-07-04)July 4, 1855 – August 30, 1922(1922-08-30) (aged 67) Algernon Charles Frederick Sartoris Mother of:
  • Grant Grenville Edward Sartoris (1875–1876)
  • Algernon Edward Sartoris (1877–1928)
  • Vivien May Sartoris (1879–1933)
  • Rosemary Alice Sartoris (1880–1914)
Frank Hatch Jones No children
Jesse Root Grant Jesse Root Grant II (1858-02-06)February 6, 1858 – June 8, 1934(1934-06-08) (aged 76) Elizabeth Mary Chapman Father of:
Lillian Burns Wilkins No children

Rutherford and Lucy Hayes

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Birchard Austin Hayes (1853-11-04)November 4, 1853 – January 24, 1926(1926-01-24) (aged 72) Mary Nancy Sherman Father of:
  • Rutherford Birchard Hayes (1887–1888)
  • Sherman Otis Hayes (1889–1949)
  • Webb Cook Hayes II (1890–1957)
  • Walter Sherman Hayes (1893–1976)
  • Scott Russell Hayes (1894–1968)
Webb Hayes James Webb Cook Hayes
Nickname: Webb 		(1856-03-20)March 20, 1856 – July 26, 1934(1934-07-26) (aged 78) Mary Otis Brinkerhoff Miller No children
Rutherford Platt Hayes Rutherford Platt Hayes (1858-06-24)June 24, 1858 – July 31, 1927(1927-07-31) (aged 69) Lucy Hayes Platt Father of;
  • Rutherford Birchard Hayes (1896–1902)
  • William Platt Hayes (1897–1976)
  • Birchard Platt Hayes (1902–1958)
Joseph Thompson Hayes
Nickname: Jody 		(1861-12-21)December 21, 1861 – June 24, 1863(1863-06-24) (aged 1) No spouse Died of dysentery
George Crook Hayes (1864-09-29)September 29, 1864 – May 4, 1866(1866-05-04) (aged 1) Died of scarlet fever
Frances Hayes
Nickname: Fanny 		(1867-09-02)September 2, 1867 – March 18, 1950(1950-03-18) (aged 82) Harry Eaton Smith 1 child;
  • Dalton Smith Hayes (1898–1950)
Scott Russell Hayes Scott Russell Hayes (1871-02-08)February 8, 1871 – May 6, 1923(1923-05-06) (aged 52) Maude Anderson No children
Manning Force Hayes (1873-08-01)August 1, 1873 – August 28, 1874(1874-08-28) (aged 1)[58] No spouse Died in infancy, as a result of dysentery.[59]

James and Lucretia Garfield

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Eliza Arabella Garfield
Nickname: Trot 		(1860-07-03)July 3, 1860 – December 3, 1863(1863-12-03) (aged 3) No spouse Died of diphtheria.[60]
Hal Garfield Harry Augustus Garfield
Nickname: Hal 		(1863-10-11)October 11, 1863 – December 12, 1942(1942-12-12) (aged 79) Belle Hartford Mason Father of 4 children:
  • James Garfield (1889–1976)
  • Mason Garfield (1892–1945)
  • Lucretia Garfield (1894–1968)
  • Stanton Garfield (1895–1979)
James Garfield James Rudolph Garfield (1865-10-17)October 17, 1865 – March 24, 1950(1950-03-24) (aged 84) Helen Newell Was Secretary of the Interior during Theodore Roosevelt's administration.
Father of:
  • John Newell Garfield (1892–1931)
  • James Abram Garfield (1894–1969)
  • Newell Garfield (1895–1975)
  • Rudolph Hills Garfield (1899–1946)
Mollie Garfield Mary Garfield
Nickname: Mollie 		(1867-01-16)January 16, 1867 – December 30, 1947(1947-12-30) (aged 80) Joseph Stanley-Brown Mother of:[61]
  • Rudolph Stanley-Brown (1889–1944)
  • Ruth Stanley-Brown (1892–1981)
  • Margaret "Peggy" Stanley-Brown (1895–1958)
Irvin McDowell Garfield Irvin McDowell Garfield (1870-08-03)August 3, 1870 – July 18, 1951(1951-07-18) (aged 80) Susan Emmons Father of 3:
  • Eleanor Garfield (1908–2002)
  • Jane Garfield (1910–2004)
  • Irvin McDowell Garfield Jr. (1913–1985)
Abram Garfield Abram Garfield (1872-11-21)November 21, 1872 – October 16, 1958(1958-10-16) (aged 85) Sarah Granger Williams Father of:
  • Edward Williams Garfield (1899–1979)
  • Mary Louise Garfield (1903–1991)
Helen Grannis Matthews No children
Edward Garfield (1874-12-25)December 25, 1874 – October 25, 1876(1876-10-25) (aged 1) No spouse Died of whooping cough.

Chester and Ellen Arthur

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
William Lewis Arthur (1860-10-10)October 10, 1860 – July 7, 1863(1863-07-07) (aged 2) No spouse Died of convulsions.
Chester Alan Arthur II Chester Alan Arthur II
Nickname: Alan 		(1864-07-25)July 25, 1864 – July 18, 1937(1937-07-18) (aged 72) Myra Townsend Father of:
Rowena Graves
Nellie Herndon Arthur Ellen Hansbrough Herndon Arthur
Nickname: Nell 		(1871-11-21)November 21, 1871 – September 6, 1915(1915-09-06) (aged 43) Charles Pinkerton No children

Grover Cleveland and Maria Halpin

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Dr. James Edward King Jr.
Birth name: Oscar Folsom Cleveland 		(1874-09-15)September 15, 1874 – March 9, 1947(1947-03-09) (aged 72) Rose A. Kleinschmidt Weber (divorced); no children Illegitimate son of Cleveland with Maria Halpin; adopted as a baby by the doctor who supervised the asylum where Halpin was confined during pregnancy.

Grover and Frances Cleveland

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Ruth Cleveland Ruth Cleveland
Nickname: Baby Ruth 		(1891-10-03)October 3, 1891 – January 7, 1904(1904-01-07) (aged 12) No spouse Died of diphtheria.
Esther Cleveland Esther Cleveland (1893-09-09)September 9, 1893 – June 25, 1980(1980-06-25) (aged 86) William Sydney Bence Bosanquet Born during second presidency of Grover Cleveland. First presidential child to be born during a presidency, and only one born in the White House (owing epithet of the "White House Baby").

Mother of:

  • Marion Frances Daniel, née Bosanquet (1919–2016)
  • Philippa Foot, née Bosanquet (1920–2010)
Marion Cleveland Marion Cleveland (1895-07-07)July 7, 1895 – March 10, 1977(1977-03-10) (aged 81) William Stanley Dell Born during second presidency of Grover Cleveland. Mother of Frances Folsom Dell (1920–2005).[62]
John Harlan Amen Mother of Grover Cleveland Amen (1932–1997)
Richard F. Cleveland Richard Folsom Cleveland
Nickname: Dick 		(1897-10-28)October 28, 1897 – January 10, 1974(1974-01-10) (aged 76) Ellen Douglas Gailor Father of:
  • Ann Mary Cleveland (1925–2015)
  • Thomas Grover Cleveland (1927–2020)
  • Charlotte Gailor Cleveland (1930–2007)
Jessie Maxwell Black Father of:
  • Frances Black Cleveland (born 1946)
  • George Maxwell Cleveland (born 1952)
  • Margaret Folsom Cleveland (1956–2021)
Francis Grover Cleveland (1903-07-18)July 18, 1903 – November 8, 1995(1995-11-08) (aged 92) Alice Erdman Father of Marion C. Cleveland (1925–2014)

Benjamin and Caroline Harrison

[edit]
Main article: Harrison family of Virginia
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Russell Benjamin Harrison Russell Benjamin Harrison (1854-08-12)August 12, 1854 – December 13, 1936(1936-12-13) (aged 82) May Angeline Saunders Born Russell Farnum Lord Harrison

Father of:

Mamie McKee Mary Scott Harrison
Nickname: Mamie 		(1858-04-03)April 3, 1858 – October 28, 1930(1930-10-28) (aged 72) James Robert McKee Served as acting First Lady

Mother of:

  • Benjamin Harrison McKee (1887–1958)
  • Mary Lodge McKee Reisinger (1888–1967)
Unnamed daughter June 13, 1861 No spouse Stillborn

Benjamin and Mary Harrison

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Elizabeth Harrison Elizabeth Harrison Walker (1897-02-21)February 21, 1897 – December 25, 1955(1955-12-25) (aged 58) James Blaine Walker Mother of:
  • Benjamin Harrison Walker (1921–1995)
  • Jane Harrison Walker Garfield (1929–2020)

William and Ida McKinley

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Katie McKinley Katherine McKinley
Nickname: Katie 		(1871-12-25)December 25, 1871 – June 25, 1875(1875-06-25) (aged 3) No spouse Died of typhoid fever.
Ida McKinley April 1 – (aged 4 months) No spouse Died in infancy.

20th century

[edit]

Theodore and Alice Roosevelt

[edit]
Main article: Roosevelt family
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Alice Roosevelt Alice Lee Roosevelt
Nickname: Lee 		(1884-02-12)February 12, 1884 – February 20, 1980(1980-02-20) (aged 96) Nicholas Longworth Longest lived of any First Child.

Mother of Paulina Longworth (1925–1957),[63] with William Borah.

Theodore and Edith Roosevelt

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Ted Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Jr.
Nickname: Ted 		(1887-09-13)September 13, 1887 – July 12, 1944(1944-07-12) (aged 56) Eleanor Butler Alexander Governor-General of the Philippines, Governor of Puerto Rico, and Assistant Secretary of the Navy. Died from a heart attack outside of combat.
Father of:
Kermit Roosevelt Kermit Roosevelt (1889-10-10)October 10, 1889 – June 4, 1943(1943-06-04) (aged 53) Belle Wyatt Willard[63] Committed suicide while enlisted during World War II.
Father of:
Ethel Roosevelt Ethel Carow Roosevelt (1891-08-13)August 13, 1891 – December 10, 1977(1977-12-10) (aged 86) Richard Derby Mother of:
Archie Roosevelt Archibald Bulloch Roosevelt
Nickname: Archie 		(1894-04-10)April 10, 1894 – October 13, 1979(1979-10-13) (aged 85) Grace Lockwood Father of:
Quentin Roosevelt Quentin Roosevelt
Nickname: Quentyquee or Quinikins 		(1897-11-19)November 19, 1897 – July 14, 1918(1918-07-14) (aged 20) No spouse and no children Killed in aerial combat in World War I. While not the First Child to die during military service, he was only one to be killed in action.

William and Helen Taft

[edit]
Main article: Taft family
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Robert Taft Robert Alphonso Taft (1889-09-08)September 8, 1889 – July 31, 1953(1953-07-31) (aged 63) Martha Wheaton Bowers U.S. senator (1939–1953) and Senate Majority Leader (1953)
Father of:
Helen Taft with her father Helen Herron Taft
Nickname: Helene 		(1891-08-01)August 1, 1891 – February 21, 1987(1987-02-21) (aged 95) Frederick Johnson Manning Mother of:
  • Helen Taft Manning (1921–2013)
  • Caroline Manning (1925–2020)
Charles Taft with his father Charles Phelps Taft II
Nickname: Charlie 		(1897-09-20)September 20, 1897 – June 24, 1983(1983-06-24) (aged 85) Eleanor Kellogg Chase Mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio
Father of:
  • Eleanor Kellogg Taft (1918–2004)
  • Sylvia Howard Taft (1920–2008)
  • Seth Chase Taft (1922–2013)
  • Lucia Chase Taft (1924–1955)
  • Cynthia Herron Taft (1928–2013)
  • Rosalyn Rawson Taft (1930–1941)
  • Peter Rawson Taft III (born 1936)

Woodrow and Ellen Wilson

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Margaret Wilson Margaret Woodrow Wilson
Religious name: निष्ठा Nistha 		(1886-04-16)April 16, 1886 – February 12, 1944(1944-02-12) (aged 57) No spouse Served as acting First Lady for a brief period. Emigrated to India for religious purposes, where she died of uremia.
Jessie Wilson Jessie Woodrow Wilson (1887-08-28)August 28, 1887 – January 15, 1933(1933-01-15) (aged 45) Francis Bowes Sayre Sr. Mother of:
Eleanor Wilson Eleanor Randolph Wilson (1889-10-16)October 16, 1889 – April 5, 1967(1967-04-05) (aged 77) William Gibbs McAdoo Mother of:
  • Ellen Wilson McAdoo (1915–1946)
  • Mary Faith McAdoo (1920–1988)
Wilson's second wife Edith Wilson, with her first husband Norman Galt, had one son, who died in infancy before her marriage to Wilson.

Warren G. and Florence Harding

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Marshall Eugene DeWolfe
Nickname: Pete 		(1880-09-22)September 22, 1880 – January 1, 1915(1915-01-01) (aged 34) Esther Naomi Neely Stepson from Florence's first marriage, to Henry Athenton DeWolfe
Father of:
  • Eugenia DeWolfe (1911–1978)
  • George Warren DeWolfe (1914–1968)

Warren G. Harding and Nan Britton

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Elizabeth Ann Britton Elizabeth Ann Britton
Nicknames: Emma, Ann 		(1919-10-22)October 22, 1919 – November 17, 2005(2005-11-17) (aged 86) Henry Edward Blaesing Illegitimate daughter of Warren G. Harding, proven by DNA testing in 2015[64]Mother of:
  • Thomas Jay Blaesing (born 1947)
  • James Edward Blaesing (born 1950)
  • Philip Alan Blaesing (born 1954)

Calvin and Grace Coolidge

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
John Coolidge John Coolidge (1906-09-07)September 7, 1906 – May 31, 2000(2000-05-31) (aged 93) Florence Trumbull Father of:
  • Cynthia Coolidge Jeter (1933–1989)
  • Lydia Coolidge Sayles (1939–2001)
Calvin Coolidge Calvin Coolidge Jr. (1908-04-13)April 13, 1908 – July 7, 1924(1924-07-07) (aged 16) No spouse Died of blood poisoning

Herbert and Lou Hoover

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Herbert Charles Hoover Jr. (1903-08-04)August 4, 1903 – July 9, 1969(1969-07-09) (aged 65) Margaret Ava Watson Served as Under Secretary of State (October 4, 1954 – February 5, 1957) in the Eisenhower administration

Variously named as "Herbert Hoover, Jr.,"[65] "Herbert Charles Hoover,"[66] and "Herbert Clark Hoover"[67]

Father of:

  • Margaret Ann Hoover (1926–2011)
  • Herbert "Pete" Hoover III (1927–2010)
  • Joan Leslie Hoover (1930–2002)
Allan Henry Hoover (1907-07-17)July 17, 1907 – November 4, 1993(1993-11-04) (aged 86) Margaret Coberly Father of:
  • Allan Henry Hoover Jr. (1938–2013)
  • Andrew Hoover (born 1940)
  • Lou Henry Hoover (1943–2012)

Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt

[edit]
Main article: Roosevelt family
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes
Anna Roosevelt Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (1906-05-03)May 3, 1906 – December 1, 1975(1975-12-01) (aged 69) Curtis Bean Dall Mother of:
Clarence John Boettiger Mother of John Roosevelt Boettiger (born 1939)[63]
James Addison Halsted No children with James Halsted
James Roosevelt II James Roosevelt
Nickname: Jimmy 		(1907-12-23)December 23, 1907 – August 13, 1991(1991-08-13) (aged 83) Betsey Maria Cushing[63] Father of:
Romelle Theresa Schneider Father of:
  • James Roosevelt Jr. (born 1945)
  • Michael Anthony Roosevelt (born 1946)
  • Anna Eleanor "Anne" Roosevelt (born 1948) [63]
Gladys Irene Owens Father of Hall Delano Roosevelt (born 1959)
Mary Lena Winskill Father of Rebecca Mary Roosevelt (born 1971)
Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr. (I) (1909-03-18)March 18, 1909 – (aged 7 months) No spouse Died as an infant.
Elliott Roosevelt Elliott Roosevelt (1910-09-23)September 23, 1910 – October 27, 1990(1990-10-27) (aged 80) Elizabeth Browning Donner Father of William Donner Roosevelt (1932–2003)[63]
Ruth Josephine Googins Father of:
  • Ruth "Lindsley" Chandler Roosevelt (1934–2018)[63]
  • Elliott "Tony" Roosevelt Jr. (born 1936)[63]
  • David Boynton Roosevelt (1942–2022)[68]
Faye Margaret Emerson No children with Faye Emerson
Minnewa Bell No children with Minnewa Bell
Patricia Peabody Whitehead Father of Livingston Delano Roosevelt (March 16–21, 1962). Adopted four stepchildren from Patricia Peabody Roosevelt's first marriage.
Franklin Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr. (II) (1914-08-17)August 17, 1914 – (1988-08-17)August 17, 1988 (74th birthday) Ethel du Pont Father of:
Suzanne Perrin Father of:
  • Nancy Suzanne Roosevelt (born 1952)[63]
  • Laura Delano Roosevelt (born 1959)[63]
Felicia Schiff Warburg No children with Felicia Warburg Roosevelt
Patricia Luisa Oakes Father of John Alexander Roosevelt (born 1977)[63]
Linda McKay Stevenson No children with Linda Stevenson Roosevelt
John Roosevelt John Aspinwall Roosevelt II (1916-03-13)March 13, 1916 – April 27, 1981(1981-04-27) (aged 65) Anne Lindsay Clark Father of:
  • Haven Clark Roosevelt (born 1940)[63]
  • Anne Sturgis "Nina" Roosevelt (born 1942)[63]
  • Sara Delano "Sally" Roosevelt (1946–1960)[63]
  • Joan Lindsay Roosevelt (1952–1997)[63]
Irene Elder Boyd No children with Irene Boyd Roosevelt

Harry and Bess Truman

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Note Place of birth
Margaret Truman Mary Margaret Truman (1924-02-17)February 17, 1924 – January 29, 2008(2008-01-29) (aged 83) Elbert Clifton Daniel Jr. Mother of:
  • Clifton Truman Daniel (born 1957)
  • William Wallace Daniel (1959–2000)
  • Harrison Gates Daniel (born 1963)
  • Thomas Washington Daniel (born 1966)
 Independence, Missouri

Dwight and Mamie Eisenhower

[edit]
Main article: Family of Dwight D. Eisenhower
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes Place of birth
Doud Eisenhower Doud Dwight Eisenhower
Nickname: Icky 		(1917-09-24)September 24, 1917 – January 2, 1921(1921-01-02) (aged 3) No spouse Died of scarlet fever. San Antonio, Texas
John Eisenhower John Sheldon Doud Eisenhower (1922-08-03)August 3, 1922 – December 21, 2013(2013-12-21) (aged 91) Barbara Jean Thompson Ambassador to Belgium (1969–1971).

Father of:

Denver, Colorado
Joanne Thompson No children

John and Jacqueline Kennedy

[edit]
Main article: Kennedy family
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes Place of birth
Arabella Kennedy Arabella Kennedy August 23, 1956 No spouse Stillborn daughter Newport Hospital, Rhode Island[69]
Caroline Kennedy Caroline Bouvier Kennedy Born (1957-11-27) November 27, 1957 (age 67) Edwin Arthur Schlossberg Ambassador to Japan (2013–2017) and Ambassador to Australia (2022–2024)

Mother of:

Manhattan, New York
John Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr.
Nickname: John-John 		(1960-11-25)November 25, 1960 – July 16, 1999(1999-07-16) (aged 38) Carolyn Jeanne Bessette Killed in a plane crash.

No children

Washington, D.C.
Patrick Bouvier Kennedy Patrick Bouvier Kennedy (1963-08-07)August 7, 1963 – (aged 39 hours) No spouse Died after a premature birth. The third First Child to have both been born during their parent's presidency, and only one to have died in said presidency. Otis Air Force Base, Massachusetts

Lyndon and Lady Bird Johnson

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes Place of birth
Lynda Bird Robb Lynda Bird Johnson[70] Born (1944-03-19) March 19, 1944 (age 81) Charles Spittal Robb[70] Currently the oldest living presidential child.

Mother of:

  • Lucinda Desha Robb (born 1968)[70]
  • Catherine Lewis Robb (born 1970)[70]
  • Jennifer Wickliffe Robb (born 1978)[70]
 Washington, D.C.
Luci Johnson Lucy Baines Johnson[70]
Nickname: Luci 		Born (1947-07-02) July 2, 1947 (age 78) Patrick John Nugent Mother of:
  • Patrick Lyndon Nugent (born 1967)
  • Nicole Marie Nugent (born 1970)
  • Rebekah Johnson Nugent (born 1974)
  • Claudia Taylor Nugent (born 1976)
Ian Johnstone Turpin One stepson: Stuart Leonard Turpin (born 1978)

Richard and Pat Nixon

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes Place of birth
Tricia Cox Patricia Nixon
Nickname: Tricia 		Born (1946-02-21) February 21, 1946 (age 79) Edward Ridley Finch Cox Mother of Christopher Nixon Cox (born 1979) Whittier, California
Julie Eisenhower Julie Nixon Born (1948-07-05) July 5, 1948 (age 77) Dwight David Eisenhower II
son of John Eisenhower and grandson of President Dwight Eisenhower 		Mother of: Washington, D.C.

Gerald and Betty Ford

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes Place of birth
Michael Ford Michael Gerald Ford Born (1950-03-14) March 14, 1950 (age 75) Gayle Ann Brumbaugh Father of:
  • Sarah Joyce Ford (born 1979)
  • Rebekah Elizabeth Ford (born 1982)
  • Hannah Gayle Ford (born 1985)
 East Grand Rapids, Michigan
Jack Ford John Gardner Ford
Nickname: Jack 		Born (1952-03-16) March 16, 1952 (age 73) Juliann Felando Father of:
  • Christian Gerald Ford (born 1997)
  • Jonathan August Ford (born 1999)
Steven Ford Steven Meigs Ford Born (1956-05-19) May 19, 1956 (age 69) No spouse, no children
Susan Bales Susan Elizabeth Ford Born (1957-07-06) July 6, 1957 (age 68) Charles Vance Mother of:
  • Tyne Mary Vance (born 1980)
  • Heather Elizabeth Vance (born 1983)
 Washington, D.C.
Vaden Bales No children with Vaden Bales

Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes Place of birth
Jack Carter John William Carter
Nickname: Jack 		Born (1947-07-03) July 3, 1947 (age 78) Juliet “Judy” Langford Father of: Portsmouth, Virginia
Elizabeth Brasfield Two stepchildren: John Chuldenko and Sarah Chuldenko Reynolds
James Earl Carter III James Earl Carter III
Nickname: Chip, Jim III, and Jimmy Jr. 		Born (1950-04-12) April 12, 1950 (age 75) Caron Griffin Father of:
  • James Earl Carter IV (born 1977)[71]
 Honolulu, Hawaii
Ginger Hodges Father of:
  • Margaret Alicia Carter (born 1987)[71]
Becky Payne One stepson: Casey Payne Gallagher (born 1985)
Donnel Jeffrey Carter
Nickname: Jeff 		Born (1952-08-18) August 18, 1952 (age 73) Annette Jene Davis (1952–2021) Father of:
  • Joshua Jeffrey Carter (born 1984)[71]
  • Jeremy Davis Carter (1987–2015)
  • James Carlton Carter (born 1991)[71]
 New London, Connecticut
Amy Carter Amy Lynn Carter Born (1967-10-19) October 19, 1967 (age 58) James Gregory Wentzel Mother of Hugo James Wentzel (born 1999)[71] Plains, Georgia
John Joseph "Jay" Kelly Mother of Errol Carter Kelly (born 2010)

Ronald Reagan and Jane Wyman

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes Place of birth
Maureen Reagan Maureen Elizabeth Reagan (1941-01-04)January 4, 1941 – August 8, 2001(2001-08-08) (aged 60) John Filippone No children Los Angeles, California
David Sills No children
Dennis C. Revell Mother of Margaret "Rita" Mirembe Revell (born 1985) (adopted)
Michael Reagan Michael Edward Reagan

Nickname: Mike

Born (1945-03-18) March 18, 1945 (age 80) Pamela Gail Putnam Adopted son.

No children

Colleen Sterns Father of:
  • Cameron Michael Reagan (born 1978)
  • Ashley Marie Reagan (born 1983)
Christine Reagan (1947-06-26)June 26, 1947 – (aged 1 day) No spouse Died shortly after birth.

Ronald and Nancy Reagan

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Place of birth
Patti Davis Patricia Ann Davis
Nickname: Patti 		Born (1952-10-21) October 21, 1952 (age 73) Paul Grilley

No children

Los Angeles, California
Ron Reagan Ronald Prescott Reagan
Nickname: Ron 		Born (1958-05-20) May 20, 1958 (age 67) Doria Palmieri

No children

Federica Basangi

No children

George H. W. and Barbara Bush

[edit]
Main article: Bush family
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes Place of birth
George Bush George Walker Bush
43rd president (2001–2009)
 		Born (1946-07-06) July 6, 1946 (age 79) Laura Lane Welch 46th governor of Texas (1995–2000) and 43rd president of the United States

See below at George W. and Laura Bush

New Haven, Connecticut
Robin Bush Pauline Robinson Bush
Nickname: Robin 		(1949-12-20)December 20, 1949 – October 11, 1953(1953-10-11) (aged 3) No spouse Died of leukemia. Compton, California
John Bush John Ellis Bush
Nickname: Jeb 		Born (1953-02-11) February 11, 1953 (age 72) Columba Garnica Gallo 43rd governor of Florida (1999–2007)

Father of:

  • George Prescott Bush (born 1976)
  • Noelle Lucila Bush (born 1977)
  • John Ellis "Jebby" Bush Jr. (born 1983)
 Midland, Texas
Neil Bush Neil Mallon Bush Born (1955-01-22) January 22, 1955 (age 70) Sharon Smith Father of:
  • Lauren Pierce Bush (born 1984)
  • Pierce Mallon Bush (born 1986)
  • Ashley Walker Bush (born 1989)
Maria Manass Andrews Three stepchildren from Maria A. Bush's first marriage:
  • Elizabeth Dwen "Lizzie" Andrews (born 1991)
  • Robert "Pace" Andrews II (born 1994)
  • Thomas Alexander "Alex" Andrews (born 2001)
Marvin Bush Marvin Pierce Bush Born (1956-10-22) October 22, 1956 (age 69) Margaret Conway Molster Father of:
  • Marshall Lloyd Bush (born 1986) (adopted)
  • Charles Walker Bush (born 1989) (adopted)
Dorothy Koch Dorothy Walker Bush
Nickname: Doro 		Born (1959-08-18) August 18, 1959 (age 66) William LeBlond Mother of:
  • Samuel Bush "Sam" LeBlond (born 1984)
  • Nancy Ellis "Ellie" LeBlond (born 1986)
 Harris County, Texas
Robert P. Koch Mother of:
  • Robert David Koch (born 1993)
  • Georgia Grace "Gigi" Koch (born 1996)

Bill and Hillary Clinton

[edit]
Main article: Clinton family
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes Place of birth
Chelsea Clinton Chelsea Victoria Clinton Born (1980-02-27) February 27, 1980 (age 45) Marc Mezvinsky Mother of:
  • Charlotte Clinton Mezvinsky (born 2014)
  • Aidan Clinton Mezvinsky (born 2016)
  • Jasper Clinton Mezvinsky (born 2019)
 Little Rock, Arkansas

21st century

[edit]

George W. and Laura Bush

[edit]
Main article: Bush family
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes Place of birth
Barbara Bush Barbara Pierce Bush Born (1981-11-25) November 25, 1981 (age 43) Craig Louis Coyne Only known twin First Children along with her younger twin sister, Jenna.

Mother of:

  • Cora Georgia Coyne (born 2021)
  • Edward Finn Coyne (born 2024)
 Dallas, Texas
Jenna Hager Jenna Welch Bush Henry Chase Hager Only known twin First Children along with her older twin sister, Barbara.

Mother of:

  • Margaret Laura "Mila" Hager (born 2013)
  • Poppy Louise Hager (born 2015)
  • Henry "Hal" Harold Hager (born 2019)

Barack and Michelle Obama

[edit]
Main article: Family of Barack Obama
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes Place of birth
Malia Obama Malia Ann Obama Born (1998-07-04) July 4, 1998 (age 27) Unmarried Chicago, Illinois
Sasha Obama Natasha Marian Obama
Nickname: Sasha 		Born (2001-06-10) June 10, 2001 (age 24)

Donald and Ivana Trump

[edit]
Main article: Family of Donald Trump
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes Place of birth
Donald Trump Jr. Donald John Trump Jr.
Nickname: Don Jr. 		Born (1977-12-31) December 31, 1977 (age 47) Vanessa Kay Haydon
Divorced 		Trustee of The Trump Organization along with Eric.

Father of:

  • Kai Madison Trump (born 2007)
  • Donald John Trump III (born 2009)
  • Tristan Milos Trump (born 2011)
  • Spencer Frederick Trump (born 2012)
  • Chloe Sophia Trump (born 2014)
 Manhattan, New York
Ivanka Trump Ivana Marie Trump
Nickname: Ivanka 		Born (1981-10-30) October 30, 1981 (age 44) Jared Corey Kushner Senior Advisor to the President (2017–2021)

Mother of:

  • Arabella Rose Kushner (born 2011)
  • Joseph Frederick Kushner (born 2013)
  • Theodore James Kushner (born 2016)
Eric Trump Eric Frederick Trump Born (1984-01-06) January 6, 1984 (age 41) Lara Lea Yunaska Trustee of The Trump Organization along with Don Jr.

Father of:

  • Eric Luke Trump (born 2017)
  • Carolina Dorothy Trump (born 2019)

Donald Trump and Marla Maples

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes Place of birth
Tiffany Trump Tiffany Ariana Trump Born (1993-10-13) October 13, 1993 (age 32) Michael Boulos Mother of:
  • Alexander Trump Boulos (born 2025)[72]
 West Palm Beach, Florida

Donald and Melania Trump

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes Place of birth
Barron Trump Barron William Trump Born (2006-03-20) March 20, 2006 (age 19) Unmarried Youngest living child of any president[73] Manhattan, New York

Joe and Neilia Hunter Biden

[edit]
Main article: Family of Joe Biden
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes Place of birth
Beau Biden Joseph Robinette Biden III
Nickname: Beau 		(1969-02-03)February 3, 1969 – May 30, 2015(2015-05-30) (aged 46) Hallie Olivere Attorney General of Delaware (2007–2015). Died of glioblastoma; most recently deceased First Child.

Father of:

  • Natalie Naomi Biden (born 2004)
  • Robert Hunter Biden II (born 2006)
 Wilmington, Delaware
Hunter Biden Robert Hunter Biden
Nickname: Hunter 		Born (1970-02-04) February 4, 1970 (age 55) Kathleen Buhle
Divorced

Father of:

  • Naomi King Biden (born 1993)
  • Finnegan James Biden (born 2000)
  • Roberta Mabel "Maisy" Biden (born 2001)
Lunden Roberts

Father of:

  • Navy Joan Roberts (born 2018)[74]
Melissa Cohen

Father of:

  • Joseph Robinette "Beau" Biden IV (born 2020)
Naomi Christina Biden
Nickname: Amy 		(1971-11-08)November 8, 1971 – December 18, 1972(1972-12-18) (aged 1) No spouse Died in a car accident with her mother.

Joe and Jill Biden

[edit]
Child Lifetime Spouse Notes Place of birth
Ashley Biden Ashley Blazer Biden Born (1981-06-08) June 8, 1981 (age 44) Howard David Krein No children Wilmington, Delaware

Living presidential children

[edit]

As of November 2025, 33 presidential children are living. In order of their ages, they are:   Current first child

Name Birth President
Lynda Bird Johnson Robb (1944-03-19) March 19, 1944 (age 81) Lyndon B. Johnson
Michael Reagan (1945-03-18) March 18, 1945 (age 80) Ronald Reagan
Tricia Nixon Cox (1946-02-21) February 21, 1946 (age 79) Richard Nixon
George W. Bush (1946-07-06) July 6, 1946 (age 79) George H. W. Bush
Luci Baines Johnson (1947-07-02) July 2, 1947 (age 78) Lyndon B. Johnson
Jack Carter (1947-07-03) July 3, 1947 (age 78) Jimmy Carter
Julie Nixon Eisenhower (1948-07-05) July 5, 1948 (age 77) Richard Nixon
Michael Gerald Ford (1950-03-14) March 14, 1950 (age 75) Gerald Ford
James Earl Carter III (1950-04-12) April 12, 1950 (age 75) Jimmy Carter
John Gardner Ford (1952-03-16) March 16, 1952 (age 73) Gerald Ford
Jeff Carter (1952-08-18) August 18, 1952 (age 73) Jimmy Carter
Patti Davis (1952-10-21) October 21, 1952 (age 73) Ronald Reagan
Jeb Bush (1953-02-11) February 11, 1953 (age 72) George H. W. Bush
Neil Bush (1955-01-22) January 22, 1955 (age 70)
Steven Ford (1956-05-19) May 19, 1956 (age 69) Gerald Ford
Marvin Bush (1956-10-22) October 22, 1956 (age 69) George H. W. Bush
Susan Ford Bales (1957-07-06) July 6, 1957 (age 68) Gerald Ford
Caroline Kennedy (1957-11-27) November 27, 1957 (age 67) John F. Kennedy
Ron Reagan (1958-05-20) May 20, 1958 (age 67) Ronald Reagan
Dorothy Bush Koch (1959-08-18) August 18, 1959 (age 66) George H. W. Bush
Amy Carter (1967-10-19) October 19, 1967 (age 58) Jimmy Carter
Hunter Biden (1970-02-04) February 4, 1970 (age 55) Joe Biden
Donald Trump Jr. (1977-12-31) December 31, 1977 (age 47) Donald Trump
Chelsea Clinton (1980-02-27) February 27, 1980 (age 45) Bill Clinton
Ashley Biden (1981-06-08) June 8, 1981 (age 44) Joe Biden
Ivanka Trump (1981-10-30) October 30, 1981 (age 44) Donald Trump
Barbara Pierce Bush (1981-11-25) November 25, 1981 (age 43) George W. Bush
Jenna Bush Hager
Eric Trump (1984-01-06) January 6, 1984 (age 41) Donald Trump
Tiffany Trump (1993-10-13) October 13, 1993 (age 32)
Malia Obama (1998-07-04) July 4, 1998 (age 27) Barack Obama
Sasha Obama (2001-06-10) June 10, 2001 (age 24)
Barron Trump (2006-03-20) March 20, 2006 (age 19) Donald Trump

The most recent presidential child to die was Beau Biden, the eldest son of Joe Biden, who died on May 30, 2015, at the age of 46, before his father became president. The most recent presidential child to die who lived during their father's presidency was John Eisenhower, the only surviving son of Dwight D. Eisenhower, who died on December 21, 2013, at the age of 91. He was also the father-in-law of Julie Nixon Eisenhower, another presidential child.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ James Monroe wrote that his only son died on September 28, 1800. The date of September 28, 1801 that is said to appear on the James Spence Monroe cenotaph in the St. John's Episcopal Church (Richmond, Virginia) churchyard is not contemporaneous to the child's death, the location of the actual grave remains unknown.[21]
  2. ^ He had a mistress, Eliza Dolph, who had a child, but it is unclear who the baby's father was.
  3. ^ John Donelson IV was a nephew of Rachel Donelson Jackson, son of John Donelson III and Mary Purnell.[30]
  4. ^ Frances Parke Lewis was the step great-granddaughter of George Washington[31]
  5. ^ Clarissa Pike was the daughter of Zebulon Pike, who discovered Pike's Peak
  6. ^ William Henry Harrison Taylor was Anna Tuthill Harrison's cousin
  7. ^ Some sources spell this name as Octavia Pannill Taylor.[44]
  8. ^ Octavia's illness was described by her father as "bilious fever."[45]
  9. ^ Margaret's illness was described by her father as "bilious fever."[45]
  10. ^ Though Andrew Johnson's son Robert was listed on William Andrew Johnson's death certificate as being William Andrew's father, many historians theorize that Andrew Johnson was the actual father of William Andrew Johnson.[54][55]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Sheynkin, Yefim; Melquist, Jonathan; Gioia, Kevin; Schulsinger, David (April 2011). "1042 Childless White House: Infertile American Presidents". Journal of Urology. 185 (4S). doi:10.1016/j.juro.2011.02.1078. ISSN 0022-5347.
  2. ^ Phillips, Amber (August 13, 2015). "Warren Harding and 5 other presidents who have faced 'love child' questions". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved March 19, 2025.
  3. ^ "The Illegitimate Children of American Presidents". The Daily Beast. August 13, 2015. Retrieved March 19, 2025.
  4. ^ Fling, Sarah. "The Formerly Enslaved Households of President Andrew Johnson". WHHA (en-US). Retrieved March 19, 2025.
  5. ^ Peterson, Dawn (2017). "5. Adoption in Andrew Jackson's Empire". Indians in the Family: Adoption and the Politics of Antebellum Expansion. Harvard University Press. doi:10.4159/9780674978720. ISBN 978-0-674-97872-0.
  6. ^ Onion, Rebecca (April 29, 2016). "Andrew Jackson's Adopted Indian Son". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved March 19, 2025.
  7. ^ Bomboy, Scot (November 21, 2016). "Presidential nepotism debate goes back to the Founders' time - Constitution Center". National Constitution Center – constitutioncenter.org. Retrieved March 19, 2025.
  8. ^ Good, Cassandra A. (October 12, 2023). "Political Nepo Babies Root Back to America's Founding". TIME. Retrieved March 19, 2025.
  9. ^ See, e.g., Angelo, First Families.
  10. ^ See, e.g., Zwicker, "America's Royalty", Presidential Studies Quarterly.
  11. ^ "Founders Online: To George Washington from Thomas Posey, 20 November 1791".
  12. ^ Posey, John Thornton (December 27, 1990). "Governor Thomas Posey: The Son of George Washington?". Indiana Magazine of History. 86 (1): 28–49. JSTOR 27791352.
  13. ^ "Thomas Jefferson's Family". Jefferson Quotes & Family Letters (Thomas Jefferson: Retirement Series). Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Inc. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
  14. ^ Quinn, Sandra L.; Kanter, Sanford (1995). America's Royalty: All the Presidents' Children. Greenwood Publishing. p. 19. ISBN 9780313295355.
  15. ^ Quinn, Sandra L.; Kanter, Sanford (1995). America's Royalty: All the Presidents' Children. Greenwood Publishing. p. 21. ISBN 9780313295355.
  16. ^ a b "Lucy Jefferson (1782 – 1784)". monticello.org. Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  17. ^ "Dolley Madison". Biography. April 23, 2021.
  18. ^ Letter, April 10, 1788, James Monroe (Richmond, Virginia) to Thomas Jefferson (Paris)The Thomas Jefferson Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.: "...I think I mention'd to you in my last Mrs. M[onroe] had made us happy by giving us a daughter who is now 16 months old an[d] begins to talk..."
  19. ^ February 3, 1840, The Observer (London, England), page 1: "BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS...DIED... [January] 27th, at her residence in the Champs Elysees, Paris, Mrs. Elizabeth K. M. Hay, relict of the late George Hay, Esq., of Virginia, and daughter of the late James Monroe, Esq., formerly President of the United States of America."
  20. ^ a b Monroe, James. "James Spence Monroe". The Papers of James Monroe. University of Mary Washington. Retrieved February 2, 2018. An unhappy event has occurr'd which has overwhelmed us with grief. At ten last night our beloved babe departed this life after several days sickness
  21. ^ Stuart, Leibiger, ed. (2012). A Companion to James Madison and James Monroe. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118281437.
  22. ^ Roberts, Cokie (2008). Ladies of Liberty: The Women Who Shaped Our Nation. Harper Collins. ISBN 9780060782344.
  23. ^ "Louisa Catherine Adams: A Father Reflects on the Death of his Infant Daughter". Massachusetts Historical Society. Retrieved February 2, 2018. ...had been unwell for weeks. She experienced extreme discomfort due to teething (in his diary, JQA stated she was cutting seven teeth at the same time), had dysentery, and was feverish.
  24. ^ "First Lady Biography: Louisa Adams". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
  25. ^ "Jackson's Children". Andrew Jackson's Hermitage. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
  26. ^ Meredith, Rachel (March 31, 2013). 'THERE WAS SOMEBODY ALWAYS DYING AND LEAVING JACKSON AS GUARDIAN': THE WARDS OF ANDREW JACKSON (Thesis). Middle Tennessee State University.
  27. ^ Remini, Robert V. (1977). Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Empire, 1767–1821. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, Inc. pp. xxii. ISBN 0-8018-5912-3.
  28. ^ Jackson, Andrew (January 1, 1980). Smith, Sam; Owsley, Harriet (eds.). "The Papers of Andrew Jackson: Volume I, 1770–1803". The Papers of Andrew Jackson: 415. doi:10.7290/utp7943. ISBN 0-87049-219-5.
  29. ^ "Children – Andrew Jackson's Adopted Family". The Hermitage. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
  30. ^ "Notable Southern families v.2". HathiTrust. p. 90. Retrieved October 13, 2024.
  31. ^ Plater, David D. (2015). The Butlers of Iberville Parish, Louisiana: Dunboyne Plantation in the 1800s. LSU Press. pp. 20–21. ISBN 9780807161296.
  32. ^ [1] Archived October 9, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, firstladies.org
  33. ^ a b c Wead, Doug (2004). All the Presidents' Children: Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's First Families. Simon and Schuster. p. 338. ISBN 9780743446310.
  34. ^ Quinn, Sandra L.; Kanter, Sanford (1995). America's Royalty: All the Presidents' Children. Greenwood Publishing. p. 338. ISBN 9780743446334.
  35. ^ a b c Wead, Doug (2004). All the Presidents' Children: Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's First Families. Simon and Schuster. p. 339. ISBN 9780743446310.
  36. ^ Family Search (subscription required)
  37. ^ Janken, Kenneth Robert (2003). Walter White: Mr. NAACP. UNC Press. pp. 1–3. ISBN 978-0807857809.
  38. ^ "John Tyler: Most Children". July 31, 2013.
  39. ^ "Marriage record of daughter listing Alice as mother". FamilySearch.
  40. ^ a b c Crapol, Edward P. (2006). John Tyler: The Accidental President. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-3041-3. LCCN 2005037963. OCLC 792887071.
  41. ^ Forever Free: Abraham Lincoln's Journey to Emancipation at library.buffalo.edu/exhibits/ForeverFree/index.htm
  42. ^ a b c "Margaret Taylor Biography :: National First Ladies' Library". www.firstladies.org. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved February 9, 2018.
  43. ^ Wead, Doug (2004). All the Presidents' Children: Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's First Families. Simon and Schuster. p. 342. ISBN 9780743446310.
  44. ^ Bauer, K. Jack (1993). Zachary Taylor: Soldier, Planter, Statesman of the Old Southwest. LSU Press. p. 30. ISBN 9780807118511.
  45. ^ a b Bauer (August 1993). Zachary Taylor: Soldier, Planter, Statesman of the Old Southwes. LSU Press. p. 38. ISBN 9780807118511.
  46. ^ "Millard Powers Fillmore Dead". The New York Times. November 16, 1889.
  47. ^ Davenport, Don (2001). In Lincoln's Footsteps: A Historical Guide to the Lincoln Sites in Illinois. Big Earth Publishing. p. 210. ISBN 9781931599054.
  48. ^ Emerson, Jason. Giant in the Shadows: The Life of Robert T. Lincoln. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2012, P. 478.
  49. ^ "Abraham Lincoln and Chicago (Abraham Lincoln's Classroom)". The Lincoln Institute. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved December 2, 2012.
  50. ^ "The Lincoln Boys". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on October 23, 2013. Retrieved December 2, 2012.
  51. ^ * Speer, W.S. (1888). "David T. Patterson". Sketches of prominent Tennesseans: Containing biographies and records of many of the families who have attained prominence in Tennessee. Nashville: A. B. Tavel. pp. 531–533. LCCN 08019465. OCLC 4252171. OL 6998321M.
  52. ^ "Andrew Johnson's Family". Andrew Johnson National Historic Site (NPS.gov). Retrieved June 22, 2023.
  53. ^ "Charles Johnson". Memphis Daily Appeal. April 15, 1863. p. 2. Retrieved June 22, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  54. ^ Holland, Jesse J. (January 2016). The Invisibles: The Untold Story of African American Slaves in the White House. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 187–188. ISBN 978-1-4930-2419-3.
  55. ^ Fling, Sarah (2020). "The Formerly Enslaved Households of President Andrew Johnson". White House Historical Association. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
  56. ^ "Liz, Florence, and Will (Dolly's Children)". National Park Service. Retrieved December 11, 2024. William Johnson's death certificate was filled out by a relative who listed Robert Johnson as his father. (NPS Photo of Death Certificate)
  57. ^ "William A. Johnson, 16 May 1943; Death, Knox, Tennessee, United States", Tennessee Deaths, 1914–1966, Tennessee State Library and Archives, Nashville – via FamilySearch
  58. ^ Gould, Lewis L. (February 4, 2014). American First Ladies: Their Lives and Their Legacy. Routledge. ISBN 9781135311483.
  59. ^ "Manning Force Hayes". Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Library & Museums. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
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  61. ^ "Mary "Mollie" Garfield (U.S. National Park Service)".
  62. ^ "Join Ancestry®". Ancestry.com.
  63. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w "Roosevelt Genealogy". fdrlibrary.marist.edu. Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum. Archived from the original on May 29, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2016.
  64. ^ "DNA Is Said to Solve a Mystery of Warren Harding's Love Life". The New York Times. August 13, 2015.
  65. ^ Cameron Hawley, "The Honored Name I Bear?", Life, October 11, 1954
  66. ^ "Hoover Genealogy – Herbert Hoover National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)". Archived from the original on August 5, 2012.
  67. ^ "Herbert Clark Hoover (1903 – 1969)". Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs, United States Department of State. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
  68. ^ "David Boynton Roosevelt (1942-2022)". Retrieved December 12, 2023.
  69. ^ O’Brien, Shane (March 20, 2025). "Who was Arabella Kennedy?". IrishCentral. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
  70. ^ a b c d e f Doug Wead (2003). All the Presidents' All the Presidents' Children: Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's Families. Simon & Schuster. p. 359. ISBN 978-0743446310.
  71. ^ a b c d e f "The Carter Family". jimmycarter.info. March 24, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
  72. ^ Sacks, Hannah (May 15, 2025). "Tiffany Trump Welcomes First Baby with Husband Michael Boulos and Reveals His Name". People.com. Retrieved May 15, 2025.
  73. ^ Haberman, Maggie (November 20, 2016). "Melania and Barron Trump Won't Immediately Move to White House". The New York Times. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  74. ^ Bostock, Bill (September 21, 2019). "A mother who claims Hunter Biden fathered her child went public with a DNA test because he stopped paying child support, lawyers say". Business Insider. Archived from the original on August 30, 2022. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
Sources
  • Bonnie Angelo, First Families: The Impact of the White House on Their Lives, ISBN 0-06-056356-7
  • William A. Degregorio, The Complete Book of U.S. Presidents, Wings Books, 1991
  • Doug Wead, All the President's Children: Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's First Families, Atria Books, New York, 2003, ISBN 0-7434-4631-3

Further reading

[edit]
  • Larry D. Underwood. All the President's Children, Dageford Publishing, 2002, ISBN 1-886225-85-0 (a children's book)
  • Quinn-Musgrove, Sandra L. and Kanter, Sanford, America's Royalty: All the President's Children, Olympic Marketing, ISBN 0-313-23645-3
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