List of companies involved in the Holocaust

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This list includes some of the corporations and their productions during World War II and that are documented to have profited from participation in the Holocaust. Most of these companies still operate to this day.

Company name Year established Place of origin Activity
Barclays Bank[1][2] 1690 City of London Officials of the bank in France volunteered information to the Nazis about their Jewish employees during the Vichy regime
Krupp[3][4][5] (now part of ThyssenKrupp) 1811 Essen, Germany Zyklon B was produced by the company along with other ones. Some more of the productions were Panzer Tank Series, U-boats, military ships, artillery guns.
Sulzer[6] 1834 Winterthur, Switzerland Sold marine diesel engines to the Wehrmacht.
Degussa AG (now Evonik Industries)[7][8][9] 1843 Frankfurt, Germany Zyklon B pesticide production used for executions in gas chambers
Associated Press 1846 New York, United States Censorship and cooperation with Nazi Germany[10][11]
Siemens[9][12][5] 1847 Kreuzberg, Berlin, Germany Forced labour,[13] Trucks possibly other productions as trains.
Opel (then subsidiary of General Motors)[citation needed] 1862 Rüsselsheim am Main, Germany Produced the main German general use fight and support truck Opel Blitz and its numerous derivatives.
Bayer[9][14] 1863 Barmen, Germany Forced labour and medical experimentation in concentration camps,[15] production of the chemicals and pharmaceuticals supplies of Nazi Germany
Steyr-Daimler-Puch[16] 1864 Steyr, Austria Constructed military facilities and military vehicles as the light RSO Raupenschlepper Ost (with cargo, selfpropelled antitank and traction versions)
BASF[9][17] 1865 Ludwigshafen, Germany Collaborated with Degussa AG - now Evonik Industries - and IG Farben - to produce sodas used in Zyklon B - utilized in Concentration Camps to commit mass murder.
Nestlé[18][19] 1866 Vevey, Switzerland Benefitted from slave labour.
Deutsche Bank[9][20] 1870 Berlin, Germany Provided construction loans for Auschwitz
Standard Oil[21] 1870 Cleveland, Ohio Provided fuel for U-boats
Hoesch AG[9] 1871 Dortmund, Germany Mines and steel productions.
Dresdner Bank[9][22][23] 1872 Dresden, Germany Major stakeholder in the construction company for Auschwitz.
Chase National Bank[24][25][26] 1877 Manhattan, New York State, USA Assisted in the sale of Nazi war bonds (Rueckwanderer Marks) to German Americans
Topf and Sons[27] 1878 Erfurt, Germany Designed, manufactured and installed crematoria for concentration and extermination camps.
Deutsche Bergwerks- und Hüttenbau[28] Late 1800s Germany Mine and quarries.
AEG[5] 1883 Germany Supplied grips of the World War of the 2 P38 pistols manufactured by Walther Arms, Mauser, as well as on the Spreewerk P38s
Coca-Cola[29] 1886 Atlanta, Georgia, USA Sold the eponymous drink from the brand to Nazi Germany.
Franz Eher Nachfolger[30] 1887 Munich, Germany Produced books and the famous Mein Kampf under the control of the Nazi party.
Accumulatoren-Fabrik AFA[31] 1888 Hagen, Germany Provided batteries for several kind of vehicles such as the German U-boats and Panzer tanks.
Allianz[32] 1890 Berlin, Germany A German insurance company
Thyssen AG (now part of ThyssenKrupp)[9] 1891 Hamborn, Germany Produced steel, machines, weapons and steelworks.
Junkers[33]:118 1895 Dessau, Germany Produced Junkers light dive bombers
Dehomag (a subsidiary of IBM)[34][35][36] 1896 Germany Provided data computers for the Gestapo state police notably for arrests.
Audi (Auto Union)[37] 1910 Zwickau, Germany Forced labour from concentration camps,[37] Zyklon B production.
IBM[34] 1911 Armonk, New York, USA Produced early electronica among them computers used to pursue Holocaust by Nazi Germany.
BMW[9][38][39] 1916 Munich, Germany Forced labour from concentration camps,[40] produced fighting sidecar motorcycles BMW R75 and aircraft engines.
ITT Inc.[41] 1920 Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, USA Major stakeholder in Focke-Wolf.
Heinkel[33]:118 1922 Warnemünde, Germany Produced Heavy and Medium eponymous Heinkel He bomber planes.
Jumo[33]:118 1923 Dessau, Germany Engine building subsidiary of Junkers
Focke-Wulf[33]:118 1924 Bremen, Germany Produced Focke-Wulf military planes.
Hugo Boss[42] 1924 Metzingen, Germany Produced propaganda items for Nazi State and Vichy Collaborating State
Ford Germany[43] 1925 Berlin, Germany Produced turbines for V2 rockets and some other similar machine parts.
IG Farben[3] 1925 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Zyklon B main manufacturer.
Mercedes-Benz (as well as then owner, Daimler-Benz)[9][44][45] 1926 Stuttgart, Germany Forced labour from concentration camps, produced turret for tanks.
Porsche[46] 1931 Stuttgart, Germany Forced labour,[47] created design for the first version of the outgunning heavy Tiger tank series: the Tiger I despite the trials it was not retained for further production
Reichswerke Hermann Göring[48] 1937 Berlin, Germany State-owned steelworks.
Volkswagen Group[9][46][49] 1937 Berlin, Germany Forced labour from concentration camps,[50] produced V-1 flying bomb and Kubelwagen military buggies.
DEST[51] 1938 Berlin, Germany SS owned stone works and later, armaments manufacturer. Used slave labour.
Messerschmitt[52] 1938 Augsburg, Germany Produced fighter planes from the Messerschmitt Bf 110 plane family.
Eisenwerke Oberdonau[citation needed] 1938 Germany Steel production. Part of Reichswerke Hermann Göring.
Többens and Schultz[citation needed] 1941 Warsaw, General Government Produced uniforms for the Wehrmacht
Škoda Works[citation needed] 1869 Pilsen, Austria Produced artillery for the Wehrmacht
Swarovski[53][54] 1895 Wattens, Austria Members of the executive board were members of the Nazi Party.
Steyr Arms[55] 1864 Steyr, Austria Forced labour in the Steyr-Münichholz subcamp, production of weapons
Carl Walther GmbH[citation needed] 1886 Zella-Mehlis, Germany Produced Gewehr military carabines and Walther handguns
Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe[citation needed] 1940 Germany Holding company for SS owned businesses.
Flugmotorenwerke Ostmark[56] 1941 Lower Austria Engine production mainly for aircraft.

Gallery[edit]

  • A Wehrmacht's Opel Blitz truck stationned in Yugoslavia.

  • A Messerschmidt Me 110 fortress bomber

  • Zyklon B used at Dachau concentration camp. "Poison Gas! Cyanide preparation to be opened and used only by trained personnel" is found at the center of both labels. They were shown at Nuremberg Trial.

  • A Focke-Wulf Fw 190 a swastika is at the rear of the plane.

  • Borussia Dortmund's kit has on it Evonik as a sponsor the ex-producer of Zyklon B.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Barclays to Compensate Jews". BBC News. BBC.com. December 17, 1998. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
  2. ^ "World: Europe US banks gave Jewish money to Nazis". BBC News. BBC. February 3, 1999. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
  3. ^ a b Göring, Hermann; Weinberg, Gerhard L.; International Military Tribunal. (1971). Trial of the major war criminals before the International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, 14 November 1945-1 October 1946. IX. Nuremberg Ger. ISBN 978-0-404-53650-3.
  4. ^ "Krupp AG | German company". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
  5. ^ a b c Markham, James M. (1986-01-09). "Company Linked to Nazi Slave Labor Pays $2 Million". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-11-29.
  6. ^ Switzerland, National Socialism and the Second World War: Final Report. Contributed to by Jean-François Bergier. Berghahn Books. 2003. ISBN 9783858426031.CS1 maint: others (link)
  7. ^ Wiesen, S. Jonathan (2005-11-16). "From Cooperation to Complicity: Degussa in the Third Reich (review)". Holocaust and Genocide Studies. 19 (3): 528–531. doi:10.1093/hgs/dci047. ISSN 1476-7937.
  8. ^ Bernstein, Richard (2003-11-14). "Berlin Holocaust Shrine Stays With Company Tied to Nazi Gas". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "German industry unveils Holocaust fund". BBC News. 1999-02-16. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
  10. ^ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/title-of-article
  11. ^ https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/30/associated-press-cooperation-nazis-revealed-germany-harriet-scharnberg
  12. ^ Wiesen, S. Jonathan (2012-10-30). "German Industry and the Third Reich: Fifty Years of Forgetting and Remembering". Braun Holocaust Institute. Anti-Defamation League. Archived from the original on 2012-10-30. Retrieved 2013-09-19.
  13. ^ "Siemens Offers $12 Million to WWII Slave Labor Victims".
  14. ^ Moskowitz, Sanford L. (2009). "Bayer". In Charles Wankel (ed.). Encyclopedia of Business in Today's World. 1. SAGE Publications. pp. 126–128.
  15. ^ https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/bayer
  16. ^ Orth, Karin (2010). "Camps". In Peter Hayes; John K. Roth (eds.). The Oxford handbook of Holocaust studies. New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199211869.003.0025. ISBN 978-0-19-921186-9.
  17. ^ "IG Farben to be dissolved". BBC. 2001-09-17. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
  18. ^ Prinz, Deborah (2004-01-15). On the Chocolate Trail. ISBN 9781580234870. Retrieved 2018-11-11.
  19. ^ "Nestlé paid $14.6 million for using slave labor". The Independent. 2000-08-28. Archived from the original on 2015-07-03. Retrieved 2018-11-11.
  20. ^ Schmid, John; Tribune, International Herald (1999-02-05). "Deutsche Bank Linked To Auschwitz Funding". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
  21. ^ Bruer, William (2002-06-18). "Standard Oil provided the Nazis with fuel for their U-boats, on some occasions even giving Germans the first pick of oil fields". ISBN 9780471207474. Retrieved 2018-11-11.
  22. ^ Young, Marc (2006-02-18). "Dresdner Bank and the Third Reich: Hitler's Willing Bankers". Spiegel Online. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
  23. ^ "Report: German Bank Helped Build Auschwitz". Deutsche Welle. 2006-01-23. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
  24. ^ "Thousands of Intelligence Documents Opened under the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act" (Press release). National Archives and Records Administration. May 13, 2004. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
  25. ^ Breitman, Richard; Goda, Norman; Naftali, Timothy; Wolfe, Robert (April 4, 2005). "Banking on Hitler: Chase National Bank and the Rückwanderer Mark Scheme, 1936–1941". U.S. Intelligence and the Nazis. Cambridge University Press. pp. 173–202. ISBN 978-0521617949. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
  26. ^ Yeadon, Glen; Hawkins, John (June 1, 2008). The Nazi Hydra in America: Suppressed History of a Century. Joshua Tree, California: Progressive Press. p. 195. ISBN 9780930852436. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
  27. ^ Alan Rosenberg; Gerald Eugene Myers (2009). Echoes From The Holocaust: Philosophical Reflections on a Dark Time. Temple University Press. p. 276. ISBN 978-1-4399-0161-8.
  28. ^ Tuvia Friling (1 July 2014). A Jewish Kapo in Auschwitz: History, Memory, and the Politics of Survival. Brandeis University Press. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-61168-587-9.
  29. ^ "Coca-Cola collaborated with the Nazis in the 1930s, and Fanta is the proof". www.timeline.com. Josh O'Connor. Archived from the original on 19 August 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  30. ^ Tavernaro, Thomas (2004). Der Verlag Hitlers und der NSDAP: die Franz Eher Nachfolger GmbH. Wien: Edition Praesens. ISBN 978-3-7069-0220-5.
  31. ^ Edmondson, Gail (2007-10-10). "BMW's Quandt Family Faces Its Nazi Past". Bloomberg Businessweek.
  32. ^ Richard Sandomir (September 10, 2008). "Naming Rights and Historical Wrongs". New York Times. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  33. ^ a b c d Vajda, Ferenc A.; Dancey, Peter (1998). German Aircraft Industry and Production, 1933-1945. McFarland. ISBN 9781853108648.
  34. ^ a b Edwin Black (2001). IBM and the Holocaust: The Strategic Alliance Between Nazi Germany and America's Most Powerful Corporation. ISBN 0-316-85769-6.
  35. ^ Martin Campbell-Kelly and William Aspray, "Computer a History of the Information Machine – Second Edition", Westview Press, p. 37, 2004.
  36. ^ See IBM during World War II
  37. ^ a b https://www.timesofisrael.com/german-car-maker-audi-reveals-nazi-past/
  38. ^ "MUNICH-ALLACH: WORKING FOR BMW". www.ausstellung-zwangsarbeit.org. Archived from the original on 3 April 2016.
  39. ^ Kay, Anthony (2002). German Jet Engine and Gas Turbine Development 1930–1945. Airlife Publishing. ISBN 9781840372946.
  40. ^ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/bmw-and-the-holocaust
  41. ^ Kupferberg, Seth M. (1973-09-01). "The ITT Affair". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 2020-11-29.
  42. ^ Köster, Roman. "Hugo Boss, 1924-1945. A Clothing Factory During the Weimar Republic and Third Reich" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 November 2011. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
  43. ^ Wallace, Max. (2003). The American axis: Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and the rise of the Third Reich. New York: St. Martin's Press.
  44. ^ Services, From Times Wire (1988-06-12). "Daimler-Benz to Pay $12 Million for War Forced Labor". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
  45. ^ Klara, Robert (2015-09-13). "Hitler's car exerts grim fascination even if it just gave the Führer a lift to the airport". the Guardian. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
  46. ^ a b Hawranek, Dietmar (2009-07-21). "Designing Cars for Hitler: Porsche and Volkswagen's Nazi Roots". Spiegel Online. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
  47. ^ Dark Pre-History of the World's Favorite Sports Car https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/porsche-s-past-the-dark-pre-history-of-the-world-s-favorite-sports-car-a-652371.htmltitle=The Dark Pre-History of the World's Favorite Sports Car Check |url= value (help). Missing or empty |title= (help)
  48. ^ Overy, R.J. (1995). War and economy in the Third Reich. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-820599-6.
  49. ^ Clairmont, Frederic F. (January 1998). "Volkswagen's history of forced labor". Le Monde Diplomatique. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  50. ^ https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/volkswagen-1
  51. ^ Rudolf A. Haunschmied; Jan-Ruth Mills; Siegi Witzany-Durda (2007). St. Georgen - Gusen - Mauthausen: Concentration Camp Mauthausen Reconsidered. BoD – Books on Demand. p. 45. ISBN 978-3-8334-7440-8.
  52. ^ "Gusen". www.ushmm.org. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 28 July 2018.
  53. ^ Szigetvari, András (2018-12-23). "Swarovskis Kampf mit seiner NS-Vergangenheit". DER STANDARD (in German). Retrieved 2020-11-29.
  54. ^ Schreiber, Horst. "Im Einklang mit der NSDAP – Das Unternehmen Swarovski in der NS-Zeit" (in German). Retrieved 2020-11-29.
  55. ^ https://www.mauthausen-memorial.org/en/History/The-Mauthausen-Concentration-Camp-19381945/Forced-Labour-in-the-Arms-Industry
  56. ^ Bartrop, Paul R.; Dickerman, Michael (2017). The Holocaust: An Encyclopedia and Document Collection [4 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 427. ISBN 9781440840845.

External links[edit]

Restitution: German Firms that Used Slave Labor During Nazi Era, Jewishvirtuallibrary.org

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