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List of countries with McDonald's restaurants

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Countries with current and former McDonald's locations

This is a list of countries with McDonald's restaurants. McDonald's is the largest chain of fast-food restaurants in the world,[1][failed verification][2] with more than 40,000 outlets worldwide.[3] The majority of McDonald's outlets outside of the United States are franchises.[citation needed]

The biggest temporary McDonald's restaurant in the world was opened during the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, which was 3,000 square metres (32,000 sq ft) by area.[4][5][6][7] The biggest still standing is the World's Largest Entertainment McDonald's. The northernmost McDonald's restaurant in the world is located in Tromsø, Norway (previously held by Rovaniemi, Finland after the restaurant in Murmansk, Russia, was closed in 2022),[8] and the southernmost in the world is located in Invercargill, New Zealand.[9]

The list of countries follows the company's own calculation and contains several non-sovereign territories. Today or as of 2024, there are over 15,000 McDonald's restaurants in the United States, over 5,000 in Japan, over 4,500 in mainland China, over 2,200 in France, over 1,800 in Brazil, over 1,600 in Canada, over 1,500 in Germany, over 1,400 in the United Kingdom, over 1,100 in Australia, over 780 in Mexico and over 740 in the Philippines. McDonald's ceased to be operational in Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan in previous years.

History

[edit]

The first McDonald's restaurant was opened in 1940 by Dick and Mac McDonald. However, on 15 April 1955, Ray Kroc launched the first McDonald's in Des Plaines, Illinois,[10] featuring a ten-item menu built around a 15-cent hamburger.

Since that time, McDonald's has operated more than 40,000 restaurants worldwide, which has increased over 16 years.[11]

Countries and territories with at least one McDonald's outlet

[edit]
# Country/territory Date of first store First outlet location Max. no. of
operating
outlets 		People per outlet Notes
1 United States May 15, 1940
Franchise: April 15, 1955 		San Bernardino, California
Des Plaines, Illinois (Franchise) 		15,000 23,000 First outlet. See McDonald's USA
2 Canada (details) June 3, 1967 Richmond, British Columbia
(Reopened June 23, 2017) 		1,600 24,000 First outlet outside the United States. See McDonald's Canada
3 Puerto Rico
(territory of United States) 		November 10, 1967 San Juan 95 29,583 First McDonald's in Latin America and in the Caribbean and the first McDonald's in a Hispanophone area. See McDonald's Puerto Rico
4 United States Virgin Islands
(territory of United States) 		September 5, 1970 St. Croix 5 17,878
5 Costa Rica December 8, 1970 San José, 4th street, between 1st and Central Avenue. 73 71,428 Third country (not U.S. possession) where McDonald's opened. See McDonald's Costa Rica
6 Australia May 30, 1971 Yagoona, New South Wales[12] 1,100 25,000 First outlet in Oceania, outside the Americas, and in the Southern Hemisphere. See McDonald's Australia. Locally nicknamed as Maccas.
7 Guam
(territory of United States) 		June 10, 1971 Dededo 7 27,372 First outlet in Micronesia. See McDonald's Guam & Saipan
8 Japan July 21, 1971 Ginza Mitsukoshi, Ginza, Chuo City, Tokyo 5,000 26,000 First outlet in Asia, McDonald's Holdings Company Japan, Inc.[13] locally known as makku (マック) and makudo.[14] See McDonald's Japan
9 Netherlands August 21, 1971 Zaandam 263[15] 68,160 This was the first outlet in Europe. Opened in 1971 by European Master Franchisees Jan Sybesma McDonald's Europe – Plan to open 15 more stores in the next 4 years. See McDonald's Netherlands
10 Panama September 1, 1971 Panama City 81 71,912 See McDonald's Panama
11 Germany November 22, 1971
(West Germany)
December 21, 1990
(former East Germany)[16] 		Munich
(West Germany)
Plauen
(former East Germany) 		1,500[17][18] 56,000 First outlet in West Germany opened in Munich-Obergiesing in 1971. McDonald's is locally known as Mäkkes. First outlet in the new states of Germany opened in Plauen in 1990 following reunification. See McDonald's Germany
12 France (details) June 30, 1972 Créteil 2,200[19] 31,000 First outlet in Creteil in 1972 even though McDonald's officially recognizes the first outlet in Strasbourg in 1979. In 2019, France was the largest European market for the hamburger chain. See McDonald's France.
13 El Salvador July 20, 1972 San Salvador 22 318,900
14 Sweden October 27, 1973 Kungsgatan 4, Stockholm 196 55,478 First outlet in Scandinavia. See McDonald's Sweden
15 Guatemala June 6, 1974 Guatemala City 110 179,894 See McDonald's Guatemala
16 Curaçao
(part of Netherlands Antilles at the time) 		August 16, 1974 Willemstad 5 32,203 See McDonald's Curaçao
17 United Kingdom England: November 13, 1974[20]
Wales: December 3, 1984
Scotland: November 23, 1987[21]
Northern Ireland: October 12, 1991 		Woolwich, London (England)
Cardiff (Wales)
Dundee (Scotland)
Belfast (Northern Ireland) 		1,436 51,601 Includes Isle of Man and Jersey (1 each)
England: 1,038
Scotland: 95
Wales: 62
Northern Ireland: 26
See McDonald's UK

Locally nicknamed as Maccies, and Maccy D's but not officially reconosed as the name for McDonald's UK

18 Hong Kong
(British Hong Kong at the time) 		January 8, 1975 Paterson Street, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong Island (now closed)[22] 254 31,190 First outlet in a Chinese-speaking territory. Hong Kong was then a British Crown colony/Dependent Territory; McDonald's would open up a restaurant in China itself 15 years later. See McDonald's Hong Kong
19 Bahamas August 4, 1975 Nassau 3 131,787 First outlet in an independent country of the Caribbean. See McDonald's Bahamas
20 New Zealand (details) June 7, 1976 Porirua Central, Wellington[23] 170 30,657 Founded in New Zealand by Wally and Hugh Morris[24]
First South Island restaurants opened at Linwood and Merivale, both Christchurch, on November 3, 1987.[25] See McDonald's New Zealand.
21 Switzerland October 20, 1976 Geneva 179 50,013 First outlet in a landlocked country. See McDonald's Switzerland
22 Ireland May 9, 1977 Grafton Street, Dublin 95 55,691 First drive-thru in Europe opened in Nutgrove, Dublin and first McCafé in Europe Grafton Street, Dublin. See McDonald's Ireland
23 Austria July 21, 1977 Schwarzenbergplatz, Vienna 199 44,693 See McDonald's Austria
24 Belgium March 21, 1978 Brussels 111 106,341 See McDonald's Belgium
25 Brazil February 13, 1979 Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro 1,800 120,000 First outlet opened in Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro, in 1979. First outlet opened in South America and first outlet in a lusophone country. Locally known as Méqui. See McDonald's Brazil
26 Singapore October 20, 1979 Liat Towers, Orchard Road 151 36,604 First outlet in Southeast Asia at Liat Towers. See McDonald's Singapore[26]
27 Spain March 10, 1981 Gran Vía, Madrid 605[27] 81,802 First outlet in the Iberian Peninsula. See McDonald's Spain
28 Denmark April 15, 1981 Vesterbrogade 2D, Copenhagen 260 23,000 See McDonald's Denmark
29 Philippines (details) September 27, 1981 Nicanor Reyes Street (Morayta), Sampaloc, Manila 740 155,988 Licensed to Alliance Global Group. See McDonald's Philippines
30 Malaysia April 29, 1982 Jalan Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur[28] 371 94,857 Oldest surviving outlet in a Muslim-majority country. See McDonald's Malaysia
31 Norway November 18, 1983 Nedre Slottsgate, Oslo 79 68,612 The world's northernmost branch is located in Tromsø. See McDonald's Norway
32 Taiwan January 28, 1984 Minsheng East Road, Taipei 409[29] 57,094 All restaurants were temporarily closed in 1992 during investigations of restaurant bombings in Taiwan; they reopened after investigations had concluded. See McDonald's Taiwan
33 Andorra June 29, 1984 Andorra la Vella 5 15,393 See McDonald's Andorra
34 Finland December 14, 1984 Hämeenkatu 17, Tampere 140 40,000 The branch in Rovaniemi was the world's northernmost McDonalds from 1997 to 2013 and again from 2022 to 2024. See McDonald's Finland
35 Thailand February 23, 1985 Bangkok 230 304,140 See McDonald's Thailand
36 Italy March 20, 1985 Bolzano[30] 709 83,836 See McDonald's Italy
37 Aruba
(part of Netherlands Antilles at the time) 		April 4, 1985 Oranjestad 3 26,316 See McDonald's Aruba
38 Luxembourg July 17, 1985 Luxembourg City 12 55,067 See McDonald's Luxembourg
39 Venezuela August 31, 1985 El Rosal, Caracas (now closed) 83 240,451 See McDonald's Venezuela
40 Mexico October 29, 1985 El Pedregal, Mexico City 780[29] 170,000 See McDonald's Mexico
41 Cuba April 24, 1986 Guantanamo Bay 1 11,480,000 Guantanamo Bay; open only to U.S. military personnel. Not accessible for Cuban citizens.
42 Turkey October 24, 1986 Istanbul 263[29] 328,121 First outlet opened in East Thrace; outlets in Anatolia would open later. Also first outlet in the Turkic-speaking world, with Azerbaijan coming second at 1999. See McDonald's Turkey
43 Argentina November 24, 1986 Belgrano, Buenos Aires 420 110,000 See McDonald's Argentina
44 Macau
(Portuguese Macau at the time)
 April 11, 1987 Rua do Campo, Cathedral Parish, Macau Peninsula 39 23,058 Then Portuguese territory; Technically first in Portugal land, McDonald's would only open a restaurant in Portugal itself 4 years later. see List of restaurants.
45 Serbia
(part of Yugoslavia at the time) 		March 24, 1988 Slavija Square, Belgrade 35 190,400 First outlet in a communist country and in the Balkans. See McDonald's Serbia
46 South Korea March 29, 1988 Gangnam District, Seoul 399 115,145 See McDonald's South Korea
47 Hungary
(Hungarian People's Republic at the time) 		April 13, 1988 Budapest[31] 111 85,646 First outlet in a Warsaw Pact country, thus first outlet behind the Iron Curtain. Locally known as Meki. See McDonald's Hungary
48 China October 8, 1990 Dongmen, Luohu District, Shenzhen 4,500 310,000 The most in a market besides Japan and the US. See McDonald's China
49 Chile November 19, 1990 Las Condes, Santiago 300 65,000 See McDonald's Chile
50 Indonesia February 23, 1991 Sarinah, Jakarta (now closed) 290 990,000 First branch in Sarinah closed in 2020 due to refurbishment of Sarinah itself, the outlet would move 3 years later to the adjacent Jaya Building.[32] See McDonald's Indonesia
51 Portugal May 23, 1991 CascaiShopping, Cascais 199 53,955 See McDonald's Portugal
52 Greece November 12, 1991 Athens Syntagma Square 32 349,416 See McDonald's Greece
53 Uruguay November 18, 1991 Montevideo Shopping, Montevideo 33 164,619 See McDonald's Uruguay
54 Martinique
(part of France) 		December 16, 1991 Fort-de-France 10 40,484 See McDonald's French Antilles
55 Czech Republic
(part of Czechoslovakia at the time) 		March 20, 1992 Vodičkova street, Prague 119 92,543 First McDonald's outlet to open after the Cold War. Locally known as Mekáč. See McDonald's Czech Republic
56 Guadeloupe
(part of France) 		April 8, 1992 Centre de Leyton Square Area, Capesterre-Belle-Eau 9 47,838 See McDonald's French Antilles
57 Poland June 17, 1992 Marszałkowska Street, Warsaw in department store "Sezam" (now closed) 546[33] 71,496 See McDonald's Poland
58 Monaco November 20, 1992 Monte Carlo 1 39,050
59 Brunei December 13, 1992 Mission Hill Road, Bandar Seri Begawan 5 92,069 See McDonald's Brunei
60 Morocco December 18, 1992 Casablanca 70 602,931 First outlet in Africa and the first outlet in the Arab World; McDonald's is now present in all continents except Antarctica. See McDonald's Morocco
61 Northern Mariana Islands
(territory of United States) 		March 18, 1993 Saipan 2 27,572 First outlet opened on the island of Saipan; second outlet opened in 1997
62 Israel (details) October 14, 1993 Ayalon Mall, Ramat Gan 400 24,000 First outlet in the Middle East. See McDonald's Israel.
63 Slovenia December 2, 1993 Čopova Street, Ljubljana 23 92,042 See McDonald's Slovenia
64 Saudi Arabia December 8, 1993 Riyadh 412 78,095 Home to the most McDonald's in the Middle East. First outlet in the Arabian Peninsula. See McDonalds's Central, Eastern and Northern.

See McDonald's Western and Southern

65 Kuwait June 15, 1994 Kuwait City (now closed) 87 45,207 Home to the biggest McDonald's in the Middle East.[34] See McDonald's Kuwait The first McDonald's in Kuwait closed after 25 years of service due to an expired contract between McDonald's and the Touristic Enterprises Company [35]

See McDonald's Kuwait

66 New Caledonia (territory of France) July 26, 1994 Nouméa 4 67,304 See McDonald's New Caledonia
67 Oman July 30, 1994 Salalah 34 132,955 See McDonald's Oman
68 Egypt October 20, 1994 Cairo 189 570,556 See McDonald's Egypt
69 Bulgaria December 10, 1994 Plovdiv 42 149,947 See McDonald's Bulgaria
70 Bahrain December 15, 1994 Manama 33 45,727 See McDonald's Bahrain
71 Latvia December 15, 1994 Riga 14 131,588 First outlet in the Baltics. See McDonald's Latvia
72 United Arab Emirates December 21, 1994 (Dubai)
June 10, 1995 (Abu Dhabi) 		Dubai (1994)
Abu Dhabi (1995) [36] 		203 44,843 See McDonald's UAE
73 Estonia April 29, 1995 Tallinn 11 124,171 See McDonald's Estonia
74 Romania June 16, 1995 Unirii Square, Bucharest[37] 102 194,404 Locally nicknamed as Mec. See McDonald's Romania
75 Malta July 7, 1995 Valletta 9 57,729 See McDonald's Malta
76 Colombia July 14, 1995 Centro Andino, Bogota 65 710,000 See McDonald's Colombia
77 Slovakia October 14, 1995 Banská Bystrica 43 130,004 Locally known as Mekáč. See McDonald's Slovakia
78 South Africa November 11, 1995 Blackheath, Gauteng 350 170,000 First outlet in Southern Africa. See McDonald's South Africa
79 Qatar December 13, 1995 Doha 75 37,273 See McDonald's Qatar
80 Honduras December 14, 1995 Tegucigalpa 10 842,273 See McDonald's Honduras
81 Sint Maarten
(part of Netherlands Antilles at the time) 		December 15, 1995 Philipsburg 3 13,703
82 Croatia February 2, 1996 Zagreb 46 84,170 See McDonald's Croatia
83 Samoa
(named Western Samoa at the time) 		March 2, 1996 Apia 1 196,440 Facebook
84 Fiji May 1, 1996 Suva 4 226,376 See McDonald's Fiji
85 Liechtenstein May 3, 1996 Triesen 1 37,810 See McDonald's Switzerland
86 Lithuania May 31, 1996 Vilnius 17 168,690 See McDonald's Lithuania
87 India October 13, 1996[38] Delhi 600 2,400,000 First outlet in South Asia. See McDonald's India
88 Peru October 18, 1996 San Isidro, Lima 29 804,250 See McDonald's Peru
89 Jordan November 7, 1996 Amman 46 249,670 See McDonald's Jordan
90 Paraguay November 21, 1996 Asuncion 24 282,676 See McDonald's Paraguay
91 Dominican Republic November 30, 1996 Santo Domingo 23 347,419 Country with the second most locations of McDonald's in the Caribbean, after Puerto Rico. See McDonald's Dominican Republic
92 French Polynesia (territory of France) December 10, 1996 Tahiti 6 47,167
93 Trinidad and Tobago May 6, 1997 The Falls at West Mall 4 228,167 McDonald's previously had stores in Trinidad (May 6, 1997 – October 25, 2003) but closed due to low sales. Re-opened at The Falls at West Mall in 2011 and has since expanded to 5 other locations.[39]
94 Ukraine May 24, 1997 Near Lukianivska metro station in Kyiv 117 331,033 All three restaurants in the peninsula of Crimea were permanently closed after the Russian military invasion in March 2014.[40][41] The 2 restaurants in Donetsk and the only one in Luhansk were also permanently closed after the War in Donbas intensified in late 2014.[42][43] All restaurants in Ukraine were temporarily closed down due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022; they reopened in September that same year.[44] The restaurant in Kherson was destroyed during the Russian occupation and the restaurant in Melitopol remain close as the city is under Russian control since March 2022.[45] See McDonald's Ukraine,
95 Cyprus June 12, 1997 Larnaca 24 51,841 See McDonald's Cyprus
96 Guernsey and Jersey
(British Crown dependencies) 		August 1, 1997 Saint Helier 1 100,080
97 Ecuador October 9, 1997 Centro Comercial Iñaquito (CCI), Quito 33 514,216 See McDonald's Ecuador
98 Réunion
(part of France) 		December 14, 1997 Saint-Denis 16 55,356 See McDonald's Réunion
99 Isle of Man (British Crown dependency) December 15, 1997 Douglas 1 84,287
100 Suriname December 18, 1997 Paramaribo 2 192,000
101 Moldova April 30, 1998 Chișinău 10 280,480 See McDonald's Moldova
102 Nicaragua July 11, 1998 Managua 8 1,036,333 All McDonald's outlets in Nicaragua temporarily ceased operation during the Nicaraguan Civil War and were re-opened in 1998 after an absence of two decades. Amidst the war, however, one outlet continued operations as "Donald's".[46] See McDonald's Nicaragua
103 Lebanon September 18, 1998 Beirut 23 230,296 See McDonald's Lebanon
104 Pakistan (details) September 19, 1998[47] Lahore 78 2,909,632 See McDonald's Pakistan
105 Sri Lanka October 16, 1998 Colombo 12 1,848,417 On March 25, 2024, all 12 outlets were temporarily closed until further notice as a result of McDonald's terminating its agreement with its Sri Lankan franchisee, Abans Plc, after being ordered by the Colombo High Court not to use the McDonald's branding. There were also allegations of poor hygiene.[48][49][50] See McDonald's Sri Lanka
106 Georgia February 5, 1999 Rustaveli Avenue, Tbilisi 23 160,376 First outlet in the Caucasus. See McDonald's Georgia
107 Gibraltar
(territory of United Kingdom) 		August 13, 1999 Westside 1 34,571 See McDonald's Spain
108 Azerbaijan November 6, 1999 Fountains Square, Baku 22 450,143 See McDonald's Azerbaijan
109 French Guiana
(part of France) 		February 22, 2000 Cayenne 3 148,356 See McDonald's French Antilles
110 American Samoa
(territory of United States) 		September 29, 2000 Pago Pago 2 27,821
111 Mauritius July 4, 2001 Port Louis 16 81,841 See McDonald's Mauritius
112 Iraq August 10, 2006 Baghdad 1 38,270,000 One outlet in Baghdad opened for U.S. Army forces fighting in the US invasion of Iraq. Not accessible for Iraqi citizens. MaDonal only in the Iraqi Kurdistan ..
113 Vietnam February 8, 2014 Ho Chi Minh City 33 3,030,303 See McDonald's Vietnam
114 Western Sahara (Area occupied by morocco) August 10, 2017 Laayoune 1 560,000 See [1]
Countries with McDonald's restaurants, showing their first year with its first restaurant

Former locations

[edit]
# Country/territory Date of first store Date of closure Reason for closure
1 Barbados August 25, 1989 December 13, 1990 Closed due to extremely poor sales.[51]
2 Bermuda (territory of United Kingdom) November 10, 1985 March 9, 1995 Closed after the passage of a government law banning franchised restaurants in the territory. The McDonald's restaurant was located on a US Naval Air Station and was thus exempt from the law. When the base closed in 1995, the restaurant was required to do likewise.[52]
3 Bolivia November 21, 1997 November 30, 2002 Closed due to poor sales and high prices. McDonald's has since attempted to reenter the Bolivian market, but with little success.
4 Jamaica April 15, 1995 October 14, 2005 Closed due to governmental problems and declining sales.[53]
5 Montenegro
(part of Serbia and Montenegro at the time) 		June 1, 2004 2007 A seasonal McDonald's restaurant was opened in Budva but was later closed due to the lack of a permanent location.[54]
6 Iceland September 9, 1993 October 31, 2009 Closed due to the 2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis. All former McDonald's restaurants were renamed locally as Metro, which served the same menu as McDonald's along with domestic products.[55]
7 North Macedonia
(named Republic of Macedonia at the time) 		September 6, 1997 May 14, 2013 Closed due to a dispute in contract and contractual obligations with the franchise owner Sveto Janevski. McDonald's has since attempted to reenter the Macedonian market, with little success.[56]
8 San Marino July 6, 1999 July 6, 2019 The one and only Sammarinese McDonald's restaurant was located in Borgo Maggiore. It ceased operations on July 6, 2019, 20 years after its opening, due to its close proximity to restaurants in nearby Italian communities, which resulted in a decline of sales.
9 Russia (details)
(part of Soviet Union at the time) 		January 31, 1990 May 16, 2022 First restaurant was opened in Pushkin Square, Moscow in 1990. It was the first outlet in the Soviet Union itself, which then dissolved in December 1991 after its opening. In March 2022, McDonald's suspended all operations in Russia due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. McDonald's later chose to permanently shut down all McDonald's operations in Russia, citing geopolitical concern. Before its closure, McDonald's had opened 850 restaurants in Russia.[57] The brand was relaunched on June 12, 2022, as Vkusno i tochka (Вкусно и точка, "Tasty and that's it") by local franchisee Alexander Govor, who acquired the operations in May from McDonald's. While the menu and equipment remains the same, most of the trademarks were dropped.[58][59] It is expected McDonald's will have an option to reacquire the 850 restaurants in 15 years.[60]
10 Belarus December 10, 1996 November 27, 2022 In November 2022, it was announced that McDonald's would be suspending operations in Belarus, and did so on November 27, and claimed the Russian fast food chain Vkusno i tochka (Вкусно и точка, Tasty and that's it) would take its place. Instead, the restaurants began operating under the sign, "We are open!".[61][62][63] In early April 2023, KSB Victory Restaurants (operators of McDonald's in Belarus) filed an application for registration of the name and trademark "Mak.by".[64] On April 18, 2023, the restaurant chain was renamed "Mak.by".[65][66][67]
11 Bosnia and Herzegovina July 20, 2011 December 31, 2022 Closed "until further notice" due to McDonald's having its license to operating in the country taken away.[68]
12 Kazakhstan March 8, 2016 January 5, 2023 Suspended due to supply restrictions that buying burger patties from Russia was prohibited due to Russian invasion of Ukraine.[69] On 23 January 2023 the local owner of the franchise, Food Solutions KZ, reopened the restaurants under the brand "MyOtkryty" (МыОткрыты, WeAreOpen) with the same menu under slightly altered names.[70] On 16 August 2023 this brand name was dropped and each of the restaurants in the country received its own name following the next pattern: "I'm" followed by any Kazakh or Russian first name, e.g. "Men Aidanamin" (Мен Айданамын, I'm Aidana).[71] On 23 November of the same year the brand was renamed again as "I'm" written in English.[72]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  51. ^ "Press Articles – Big Mac To Be Grilled in JA". mcspotlight.org. Archived from the original on May 31, 2017. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
  52. ^ "McD's Banned in British Colony". hartford-hwp.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
  53. ^ "McDonald's leaving Jamaica". Jamaica Observer. Archived from the original on December 10, 2005. Retrieved December 10, 2005.
  54. ^ Dautovic, Dragana (1 May 2007). "Montenegro: Not Lovin' It". The Vienna Review. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
  55. ^ Scinto, Maria (18 July 2020). "The Real Reason Iceland Closed All Its McDonald's Locations". Mashed.com. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
  56. ^ Marusic, Sinisa Jakov (17 May 2013). "McDonald's Restaurants Shut Down in Macedonia". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
  57. ^ Kumar, Uday Sampath (May 17, 2022). "Golden arches to go dark in Russia as McDonald's exits after 30 years". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2023-10-12. Retrieved 2022-05-17.
  58. ^ "McDonald's Russia restaurants to reopen under new brand from June 12, says local company". Reuters. May 26, 2022. Archived from the original on 2022-05-29. Retrieved 2022-05-29.
  59. ^ "СМИ стало известно новое название McDonald's в России". May 23, 2022. Archived from the original on May 29, 2022. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
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  61. ^ "Рестораны McDonald's в Минске продолжают работу в прежнем формате". 22 November 2022. Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
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