List of European animals extinct in the Holocene

This list of European animals extinct in the Holocene features animals known to have become extinct in the last 12,000 years on the European continent and its surrounding islands.
Dependent territories of European countries in other continents, like Greenland, are not included, as they should be found in their pertaining list. The Açores are included but not other Macaronesian islands, which are in the List of African animals extinct in the Holocene. Likewise, all large islands in the Mediterranean Sea are included except for Cyprus, which is in the List of Asian animals extinct in the Holocene.
Many extinction dates are unknown due to a lack of relevant information.
Mammals[edit]
Undated[edit]
Common name/scientific name | Range | Image |
---|---|---|
Steppe bison Bison priscus |
Northern Eurasia and North America[A] | ![]() |
Prehistoric[edit]
Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Corsican giant shrew Asoriculus corsicanus |
348 BCE - 283 CE[2] | Corsica, France | ![]() |
Sardinian giant shrew Asoriculus similis |
3050 BCE[3] | Sardinia, Italy | |
Woolly rhinoceros Coelodonta antiquitatis |
8770-7770 BCE[4] | Northern Eurasia | ![]() |
European dhole Cuon alpinus europaeus |
7050-6550 BCE[5] | Central and southern Europe; Caucasus?[6] | ![]() |
Sardinian dhole Cynotherium sardous |
9500-9300 BCE[7] | Corsica and Sardinia | ![]() |
European wild ass Equus hemionus hydruntinus |
3200-2500 BCE[8] | Europe and southwest Asia | ![]() |
Majorcan giant dormouse Hypnomys morpheus |
4840-4690 BCE[9] | Gymnesian Islands, Spain | ![]() |
Woolly mammoth Mammuthus primigenius |
7245-6915 BCE[4] | Northern Eurasia and North America | ![]() |
Irish elk Megaloceros giganteus |
6085-5995 BCE[10] | Europe and southern Siberia | ![]() |
Balearic Islands cave goat Myotragus balearicus |
2830-2470 BCE[11] | Gymnesian Islands, Spain | |
Balearic giant shrew Nesiotites hidalgo |
3030-2690 BCE[9] | Gymnesian Islands, Spain | ![]() |
Tilos dwarf elephant Palaeoloxodon tiliensis |
3040-1840 BCE[12] | Tilos, Greece | ![]() |
Sardinian giant deer Praemegaceros cazioti |
5550 BCE[13] | Corsica and Sardinia[14] | ![]() |
Sardinian pika Prolagus sardus[15] |
348 BCE - 283 CE[2] | Corsica and Sardinia | ![]() |
Tyrrhenian field rat Rhagamys orthodon |
348 BCE - 283 CE[2] | Corsica and Sardinia | ![]() |
Tyrrhenian vole Tyrrhenicola henseli |
348 BCE - 283 CE[2] | Corsica and Sardinia |
Recent[edit]
Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Caucasian Moose Alces alces caucasicus |
c. 1900[16] | Northern Caucasus and Transcaucasian coast of the Black Sea | |
Caucasian wisent Bison bonasus caucasicus |
1927[17] | Caucasus Mountains | ![]() |
Eurasian aurochs Bos primigenius primigenius |
1627[18] | Mid-latitude Eurasia | ![]() |
Sicilian wolf Canis lupus cristaldii |
1970[19] | Sicily, Italy | ![]() |
Portuguese ibex Capra pyrenaica lusitanica |
c. 1890[20] | Portuguese-Galician border | ![]() |
Pyrenean ibex Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica |
2000[B] |
Pyrenees and possibly Cantabrian Mountains[22] | ![]() |
Tarpan Equus ferus ferus |
1909[23] | Europe | ![]() |
St. Kilda house mouse Mus musculus muralis |
1930[24] | St Kilda, Scotland | ![]() |
Caspian tiger Panthera tigris virgata |
1922[25] | Caucasus, western and Central Asia |
Local[edit]
Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Reintroduction | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lowland wisent Bison bonasus bonasus |
1919[26] | Central Europe to southern Siberia | 1946[27] | |
Gray whale Eschrichtius robustus |
550[28] | North Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, and northern Pacific Ocean[29] | ![]() | |
Muskox Ovibos moschatus |
7050 BCE[30] | Northern Eurasia and North America | 1947[31][32] | ![]() |
Lion Panthera leo |
4th century (Balkans)[33] 10th century (Caucasus)[34] |
Africa, the Middle East, northern India, and southeastern Europe | ![]() |
Birds[edit]
Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range |
---|---|---|
Mediterranean brown fish owl Ketupa zeylonensis lamarmorae |
7433-7035 BCE[2] | Corsica, Sardinia, and Crete[35] |
São Miguel scops owl Otus frutuosoi |
49 BCE - 125 CE[36] | São Miguel Island, Açores, Portugal |
Ibiza rail Rallus eivissensis |
5295-4848 BCE[37] | Ibiza, Spain |
Pico rail Rallus montivagorum |
1400-1450[38][39] | Pico Island, Açores, Portugal |
Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Great auk Pinguinus impennis |
1844[40] | Northern Atlantic and western Mediterranean | ![]() |
Pied raven Corvus corax varius morpha leucophaeus |
1902[41] | Faroe Islands, Denmark | ![]() |
Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Slender-billed curlew Numenius tenuirostris |
2001[42] | Western Eurasia and North Africa | ![]() |
Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Reintroduction | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|
Northern bald ibis Geronticus eremita |
16th century | Mediterranean region | 2004[43] | ![]() |
Common buttonquail Turnix sylvaticus |
1981[44] | Africa, southern Asia, southwestern Iberian Peninsula, and Sicily | ![]() |
Reptiles[edit]
Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Ratas Island lizard Podarcis lilfordi rodriquezi |
1935[45] | Ratas Island off Mahón, Spain | ![]() |
Santo Stefano lizard Podarcis sicula sanctistephani |
c. 1965[46] | Santo Stefano Island, Italy |
Fish[edit]
Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Chondrostoma scodrense[47] | late 19th century |
Albania and Montenegro | -- |
Coregonus bezola[48] | 1960s |
France (Lac du Bourget) | -- |
Coregonus fera[49] | 1950 |
France and Switzerland | ![]() |
Coregonus restrictus[50] | 1890 |
Switzerland (Lake Morat) | -- |
Gravenche Coregonus hiemalis[51] |
1950 |
France and Switzerland | ![]() |
Houting Coregonus oxyrinchus[52] |
1940 |
Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom | ![]() |
Lake Constance whitefish Coregonus gutturosus[53] |
1930s |
Austria, Germany and Switzerland | ![]() |
Danube delta gudgeon[54] | 1890 |
Romania and Ukraine (the Lower Danube) | ![]() |
Salvelinus neocomensis[55] | 1904 |
Switzerland (Lake Neuchâtel) | -- |
Techirghiol stickleback Gasterosteus crenobiontus[56] |
1960s |
Romania (Lake Techirghiol) | -- |
Ukrainian migratory lamprey Eudontomyzon sp. nov. 'migratory'[57] |
Unknown |
Moldova, Russia and Ukraine | -- |
Insects[edit]
Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
---|---|---|---|
British large copper Lycaena dispar dispar[58] |
1864 |
England | -- |
Silver-studded blue subsp. masseyi Plebejus argus masseyi[59] |
1940s | England (Cumbria and Lancashire) | -- |
Scarce large blue subsp. burdigalensis Phengaris teleius burdigalensis |
? | France | -- |
Perrin's cave beetle Siettitia balsetensis[60] |
Unknown |
France | -- |
Tobias' caddisfly Hydropsyche tobiasi[61] |
1938 |
Germany | -- |
Sea anemones[edit]
Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Ivell's sea anemone Edwardsia ivelli [62] |
1983 |
United Kingdom (Widewater Lagoon) | ![]() |
Molluscs[edit]
22 species and three subspecies of gastropods have become extinct in Europe since 1500.[63] No species of bivalves are known to have become extinct in Europe after 1500.[63]
- Prie, V. (2010). "Belgrandia varica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T155668A4818436. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T155668A4818436.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- Belgrandiella boetersi (P. Reischutz & Falkner, 1998) = Belgrandiella intermedia (Austria)[63]
- Bythiospeum pfeifferi (Clessin, 1890)[63]
- Caseolus calvus galeatus (R. T. Lowe, 1862)[63]
- Discula lyelliana (R. T. Lowe, 1852)[63]
- Discula tetrica (R. T. Lowe, 1862)[63]
- Discus engonatus (Shuttleworth, 1852)[63]
- Discus retextus (Shuttleworth, 1852)[63]
- Discus textilis (Shuttleworth, 1852)[63]
- Geomitra delphinuloides (R. T. Lowe 1860)[63]
- Geomitra grabhami (Wollaston, 1878)[63]
- Graecoanatolica macedonica Radoman & Stankovic, 1979 - (Lake Dorjan, North Macedonia, Greece)[63]
- Gyralina hausdorfi Riedel, 1990[63]
- Janulus pompylius (Shuttleworth, 1852)[63]
- Keraea garachicoensis (Wollaston, 1878)[63]
- Leiostyla abbreviata (R. T. Lowe, 1852)[63]
- Leiostyla gibba (R. T. Lowe, 1852)[63]
- Leiostyla lamellosa (R. T. Lowe, 1852)[63]
- Leptaxis simia hyaena (R. T. Lowe, 1852)[63]
- Ohridohauffenia drimica (Radoman, 1964) - (North Macedonia)[63]
- Parmacella gervaisii Moquin-Tandon, 1850[63]
- Pseudocampylaea loweii (A. Ferussac, 1835)[63]
- Zonites embolium elevatus Riedel & Mylonas, 1997[63]
- Zonites santoriniensis Riedel & Norris, 1987[63]
- Zonites siphnicus Fuchs & Käufel, 1936[63]
See also[edit]
- Limousin horse, extinct
- List of extinct animals of Catalonia
- List of extinct animals of Caucasus
- List of extinct animals of the British Isles
- List of extinct and endangered species of Italy
- List of extinct and endangered animals of Lithuania
- List of extinct animals of the Netherlands
- List of extinct animals
- List of extinct birds
- Extinct in the wild
- Lazarus taxon
Notes[edit]
- ^ Present in Europe along with the living European bison (B. bonasus) and different at genetic level, but almost impossible to distinguish on morphology unless comparing complete skeletons, which makes unclear when B. priscus disappeared from Europe. In Asia, B. priscus survived in the northern Angara River basin until at least 2550-2450 BCE.[1]
- ^ A single cloned individual was born on July 30, 2003, but died several minutes later.[21]
References[edit]
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