List of New Zealand animals extinct in the Holocene
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Upland moa (Megalapteryx didinus)
This is an incomplete list of extinct animals of New Zealand. This list covers only extinctions from the Holocene epoch.
Mammals[edit]
Bats and the long extinct Saint Bathans mammal are the only land mammals known to have inhabited New Zealand before humans arrived. Fossil marine mammals have been found.
| Common name | Scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greater short-tailed bat | Mystacina robusta[1] | 1965 | New Zealand | -- |
The "New Zealand Sealion" - the mainland species (or subspecies) of Sealion (Hooker's being the subantarctic one that has repopulated Otago). Bones found in Moa Hunter middens.
The "Chatham Island Sealion" - the Chatham species (or subspecies) of Sealion. Known to have been made extinct by hunting.
Birds[edit]
Extinctions since 19th-century European settlement[edit]
| Common name | Scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Auckland Islands shore plover | Thinornis rossi | 1840 | New Zealand (Auckland Islands) | 
|
| Bush wren | Xenicus longipes | 1972 | New Zealand | 
|
| Chatham bellbird | Anthornis melanocephala | 1906 | New Zealand (Chatham Islands) | 
|
| Chatham fernbird | Bowdleria rufescens | 1895 | New Zealand (Chatham Islands) | 
|
| Chatham Islands penguin | Eudyptes chathamensis | 1872 | New Zealand (Chatham Islands) | -- |
| Chatham Islands rail | Cabalus modestus | 1900 | New Zealand (Chatham Islands) | 
|
| Crested moa | Pachyornis australis | 1850s | New Zealand (South Island) | -- |
| Dieffenbach's rail | Gallirallus dieffenbachii | 1872 | New Zealand (Chatham Islands) | .png)
|
| Finsch's duck | Chenonetta finschi | 1870 | New Zealand | -- |
| Hawkins's rail | Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi | 1890's | New Zealand (Chatham Islands) | -- |
| Huia | Heteralocha acutirostris | 28 December 1907 | New Zealand | 
|
| Laughing owl | Sceloglaux albifacies | 5 July 1914 | New Zealand | 
|
| Lyall's wren | Xenicus lyalli | 1894 | New Zealand | 
|
| Mysterious starling | Aplonis mavornata | 1774 | New Zealand (Cook Islands) | -- |
| New Zealand little bittern | Ixobrychus novaezelandiae | 1890s | New Zealand | 
|
| New Zealand merganser | Mergus australis | 9 January 1902 | New Zealand (Auckland Islands) | 
|
| New Zealand quail | Coturnix novaezelandidae | 1875 | New Zealand | 
|
| North Island piopio | Turnagra tanagra | 1955 | New Zealand (North Island) | 
|
| North Island snipe | Coenocorypha barrierensis | 1870 | New Zealand (North Island) | 
|
| North Island takahē | Porphyrio mantelli | 1894? | New Zealand (North Island) | -- |
| South Island piopio | Turnagra capensis | 1963 | New Zealand (South Island) |
|
| South Island snipe | Coenocorypha iredalei | 1960s | New Zealand (South Island) | -- |
Extinctions since Māori arrival[edit]
| Common name | Scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adzebill | Aptornis defossor and Aptornis otidiformis | 16th century | New Zealand | 
|
| Bush moa | Anomalopteryx didiformis | 15th century | New Zealand | 
|
| Chatham Islands duck | Pachyanas chathamica | 17th century | New Zealand (Chatham Islands) | -- |
| Chatham raven | Corvus moriorum | 8000 BCE | New Zealand (Chatham Islands) | -- |
| Coastal moa | Euryapteryx curtus | 16th century | New Zealand | 
|
| Eastern moa | Emeus crassus | 16th century | New Zealand (South Island) | 
|
| Eyles's harrier | Circus eylesi | 1777 | New Zealand | -- |
| Giant moa | Dinornis sp. | 16th century | New Zealand | .jpg)
|
| Haast's eagle | Hieraaetus moorei | 16th century | New Zealand (South Island) | 
|
| Heavy-footed moa | Pachyornis elephantopus | 16th century | New Zealand (South Island) | 
|
| Hodgen's waterhen | Gallinula hodgenorum | 16th century | New Zealand | -- |
| Long-billed wren | Dendroscansor decurvirostris | 14th century | New Zealand (South Island) | -- |
| New Zealand geese | Cnemiornis calcitrans and Cnemiornis gracilis | 16th century | New Zealand | 
|
| New Zealand owlet-nightjar | Aegotheles novazelandiae | 13th century | New Zealand | -- |
| New Zealand raven | Corvus antipodum | 16th century | New Zealand | -- |
| New Zealand musk duck | Biziura delautouri | 16th century | New Zealand | -- |
| New Zealand swan | Cygnus sumnerensis | 16th century | New Zealand (South Island and Chatham Islands) | -- |
| Scarlett's duck | Malacorhynchus scarletti | 16th century | New Zealand | -- |
| Scarlett's shearwater | Puffinus spelaeus | 13th century | New Zealand (South Island) | -- |
| Snipe-rail | Capellirallus karamu | 13th century | New Zealand (North Island) | -- |
| Stout-legged wren | Pachyplichas yaldwyni | 11th century | New Zealand (South Island) | |
| Upland moa | Megalapteryx didinus | 16th century | New Zealand (South Island) | 
|
| Waitaha penguin | Megadyptes waitaha | 14th century[2] | New Zealand | -- |
Reptiles[edit]
- Kawekaweau, Delcourt's giant gecko, Hoplodactylus delcourti[3] 1870, New Zealand
- Narrow-bodied skink, Oligosoma gracilicorpus[4] 1955, New Zealand (North Island)
- Northland skink, Oligosoma northlandi (Late Holocene), New Zealand
Amphibians[edit]
- Aurora frog, Leiopelma auroraensis
- Markham's frog, Leiopelma markhami
- Waitomo frog, Leiopelma waitomoensis
Fish[edit]
| Common name | Scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Zealand grayling | Prototroctes oxyrhynchus[5] | 1930s | New Zealand | 
|
Annelida (Oligochaeta) Earthworms[edit]
- Tokea orthostichon[6][7][8] 1861, New Zealand (Auckland).
Insects[edit]
- Mecodema punctellum[9] 1931, New Zealand (Stephen Islands)
Molluscs[edit]
- Placostylus ambagiosus gardneri Land snail, Recent
- Placostylus ambagiosus hinemoa Land snail, Recent
- Placostylus ambagiosus lesleyae Land snail, Recent
- Placostylus ambagiosus priscus Land snail, Recent
- Placostylus ambagiosus spiritus Land snail, Recent
- Placostylus ambagiosus worthyi Land snail, Recent
See also[edit]
- New Zealand geologic time scale
- Holocene extinction
- Lists of extinct animals
- List of recently extinct bird species (1500 – present)
- List of extinct plants of New Zealand
- Waipatia maerewhenua (an extinct species of whale from the Oligocene of New Zealand)
- Pleistocene New Zealand sea lion (an extinct species of sea lion from the Pleistocene of New Zealand)
- Saint Bathans mammal
- New Zealand Threat Classification System
References[edit]
- ^ O'Donnell, C. (2008). "Mystacina robusta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T14260A4427606. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T14260A4427606.en. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
- ^ Fox, Rebecca (20 November 2008). "Ancient species of penguin found in DNA of bones". Otago Daily Times. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2008.
- ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Hoplodactylus delcourti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T10254A3185278. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T10254A3185278.en. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
- ^ Australasian Reptile & Amphibian Specialist Group (1996). "Oligosoma gracilicorpus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T15266A4508504. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T15266A4508504.en. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
- ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Prototroctes oxyrhynchus (New Zealand Grayling)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved 29 December 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- ^ Blakemore (2012). "On Schmarda's lost earthworm and some newly found New Zealand species(Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Lumbricidae,Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae, & Megascolecidae s. stricto)". Journal of Species Research. JSR. 1 (2): 105–132. doi:10.12651/jsr.2012.1.2.105.
- ^ Blakemore (2017). "Tokea orthostichon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: 1. Retrieved 14 February 2019.{{cite iucn}}: error: malformed |page= identifier (help)
- ^ Blakemore (2019). "Redescription of extinct New Zealand earthworm: Tokea orthostichon (Schmarda, 1861)" (PDF). Bull. Kanagawa Prefectural Museum (N.H.). 42: 61–68. Retrieved 1 March 2019.
- ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Mecodema punctellum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T12922A3398669. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T12922A3398669.en. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
Further reading[edit]
- Bell, B.D. 1994. A review of the status of New Zealand Leiopelma species (Anura: Leiopelmatidae), including a summary of demographic studies in Coromandel and on Maud Island. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, Vol. 21: 341–349.
- Bunce, M., Worthy, T.H., Ford, T., Hoppitt, W., Willerslev, E., Drummond A., and Cooper, A. 2003. Extreme reversed sexual size dimorphism in the extinct New Zealand moa Dinornis. Nature, 425:172–175.
- Cooper, A., Lalueza-Fox, C., Anderson, C., Rambaut, A., Austin, J., and Ward, R. 2001. Complete mitochondrial genome sequences of two extinct moas clarify ratite evolution. Nature 409:704–707.
- Day, D., 1981, The Doomsday Book of Animals, Ebury Press, London.
- Gill, B.; Martinson, P., (1991) New Zealand’s Extinct Birds, Random Century New Zealand Ltd.
- Gill, B. J. 2003. Osteometry and systematics of the extinct New Zealand ravens (Aves: Corvidae: Corvus). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 1: 43–58.
- Flannery, T., and Schouten, P., 2001, A Gap in Nature: Discovering the World's Extinct Animals, William Heinemann, London. ISBN 0-434-00819-2 (UK edition).
- Fuller, E., 2001, Extinct Birds, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-253-34034-9 (UK Edition).
- Holdaway, Richard N., Worthy, Trevor H. and Tennyson, Alan J. D. 2001. A working list of breeding bird species of the New Zealand region at first human contact[permanent dead link], New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 28:119–187.
- Huynen, L., Millar, C.D., Scofield, R.P., and Lambert, D.M. 2003. Nuclear DNA sequences detect species limits in ancient moa. Nature, 425:175–178.
- Perkins, S. 2003. Three Species No Moa? Fossil DNA analysis yields surprise. Science News, 164:84.
- Philip R. Millener & T. H. Worthy (1991). "Contribution to New Zealand's late Quaternary avifauna. II: Dendroscansor decurvirostris, a new genus and species of wren (Aves: Acantisittidae)." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 21, 2: 179–200.
- Philip R. Millener (1988). "Contributions to New Zealand's late Quaternary avifauna. I: Pachyplichas, a new genus of wren (Aves: Acanthisittidae), with two new species." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 18:383–406
- Wilson, K-J, (2004) Flight of the Huia, Canterbury University Press, Christchurch. ISBN 0-908812-52-3
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1996. Karocolens tuberculatus. In: IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 2 March 2006.
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1996. Mecodema punctellum. In: IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 2 March 2006.
- Worthy, T.H. 1998. The Quaternary fossil avifauna of Southland, South Island, New Zealand. Journal of The Royal Society of New Zealand. Volume 28, Number 4, pp 537–589.
- Worthy, T.H., Holdaway R.N., 2002, The lost world of the Moa: Prehistoric Life of New Zealand, Indiana University Press, Bloomington. ISBN 0-253-34034-9.
- Worthy, T.H., et al. 2006, Miocene mammal reveals a Mesozoic ghost lineage on insular New Zealand, southwest Pacific. 103 PNAS 19419–19423.