List of heads of state of Panama
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| President of the Republic of Panama | |
|---|---|
| Presidente de la República de Panamá | |
 Presidential Standard | |
 Coat of arms of Panama | |
| Residence | Palacio de las Garzas, Panama City |
| Term length | Five years not eligible for re-election immediately |
| Inaugural holder | Manuel Amador Guerrero |
| Formation | 20 February 1904 |
| Deputy | Vice President of Panama |
| Salary | 7,000 USD per month[1] |
| Website | Presidencia de la República |
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This article lists the heads of state of Panama since the short-lived first independence from the Republic of New Granada in 1840 and the final separation from Colombia in 1903.
Free State of the Isthmus (1840–1841)[edit]
| No. | President (Birth–Death) |
Portrait | Term of office | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | General Juan Lopez (1823–1874) |
|
18 November 1840 | 20 March 1841 | Superior Civil Chief |
| 2 | Tomás de Herrera (1804–1854) |
|
20 March 1841 | 8 June 1841 | Superior Chief of State |
| (2) | Tomás de Herrera (1804–1854) |
|
8 June 1841 | 31 December 1841 | President |
Republic of Panama (1903–present)[edit]
President of the Municipal Council of Panama and de facto President (1903)[edit]
| Number | Name (Birth–Death) |
Portrait | Term of office | Political affiliation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | Demetrio H. Brid (1859–1917) |
|
3 November 1903 | 4 November 1903 | Conservative Party |
Members of the Provisional Government Junta (1903–1904)[edit]
| No. | Name (Birth–Death) |
Portrait | Term of office | Political affiliation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | José Agustín Arango (1841–1909) |
|
4 November 1903 | 20 February 1904 | National Liberal Party |
| 5 | Tomás Arias (1856–1932) |
|
Independent | ||
| 6 | Federico Boyd (1851–1924) |
|
National Liberal Party | ||
| 7 | Manuel Espinosa Batista (1857–1919) |
|
9 November 1903 | 7 December 1903 | |
Presidents of Panama (1904–present)[edit]
| No. | President (Birth–Death) |
Portrait | Term of office | Political Affiliation | Election | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Manuel Amador Guerrero (1833–1909) |
|
20 February 1904 | 23 June 1907[2] | Conservative Party | 1904 | |
| 2 | José Domingo de Obaldía (1845–1910) |
|
24 June 1907[2] | 27 December 1907[2] | National Liberal Party | — | |
| (1) | Manuel Amador Guerrero (1833–1909) |
|
29 December 1907[2] | 1 October 1908 | Conservative Party | — | |
| (2) | José Domingo de Obaldía (1845–1910) |
|
1 October 1908 | 1 March 1910 | National Liberal Party | 1908 | Died in office. |
| — | Carlos Antonio Mendoza (1856–1916) |
|
1 March 1910 | 1 October 1910 | National Liberal Party | — | Acting President. |
| — | Federico Boyd (1851–1924) |
|
1 October 1910 | 5 October 1910 | National Liberal Party | — | Acting President. |
| — | Pablo Arosemena (1836–1920) |
|
5 October 1910 | 1 October 1912 | National Liberal Party | — | Acting President. |
| 3 | Belisario Porras Barahona (1856–1942) |
|
1 October 1912 | 1 October 1916 | National Liberal Party | 1912 | First tenure. |
| 4 | Ramón Maximiliano Valdés (1867–1918) |
|
1 October 1916 | 3 June 1918 | National Liberal Party | 1916 | Died in office. |
| — | Ciro Luis Urriola (1863–1922) |
|
3 June 1918 | 1 October 1918 | National Liberal Party | — | Acting President. |
| — | Pedro Antonio Díaz (1852–1919) |
|
1 October 1918 | 12 October 1918 | Conservative Party | — | Acting President. |
| (3) | Belisario Porras Barahona (1856–1942) |
|
12 October 1918 | 30 January 1920 | National Liberal Party | 1918 | Second tenure. |
| — | Ernesto Tisdel Lefevre (1876–1922) |
|
30 January 1920 | 1 October 1920 | National Liberal Party | — | Acting President. |
| (3) | Belisario Porras Barahona (1856–1942) |
|
1 October 1920 | 1 October 1924 | National Liberal Party | 1920 | Third tenure. |
| 5 | Rodolfo Chiari (1869–1937) |
|
1 October 1924 | 1 October 1928 | National Liberal Party | 1924 | |
| 6 | Florencio Harmodio Arosemena (1872–1945) |
|
1 October 1928 | 3 January 1931 | National Liberal Party | 1928 | Deposed in a coup d'état. |
| — | Harmodio Arias Madrid (1886–1963) |
|
3 January 1931 | 16 January 1931 | Independent | — | Acting President. |
| 7 | Ricardo Joaquín Alfaro Jované (1882–1971) |
|
16 January 1931 | 5 June 1932 | National Liberal Party | — | |
| 8 | Harmodio Arias Madrid (1886–1963) |
|
5 June 1932 | 1 October 1936 | National Revolutionary Party | 1932 | |
| 9 | Juan Demóstenes Arosemena (1879–1939) |
|
1 October 1936 | 16 December 1939 | National Liberal Party | 1936 | Died in office. |
| — | Ezequiel Fernández (1886–1946) |
|
16 December 1939 | 18 December 1939 | National Revolutionary Party | — | Acting President. |
| — | Augusto Samuel Boyd (1879–1957) |
|
18 December 1939 | 1 October 1940 | National Revolutionary Party | — | Acting President. |
| 10 | Arnulfo Arias (1901–1988) |
|
1 October 1940 | 9 October 1941 | National Revolutionary Party | 1940 | First tenure. Deposed in a coup d'état. |
| 11 | Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia Arango (1899–1969) |
|
9 October 1941 | 15 June 1945 | Independent | — | |
| — | Enrique Adolfo Jiménez (1888–1970) |
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|
15 June 1945 | 7 August 1948 | National Liberal Party | 1945 | Provisional President. |
| 12 | Domingo Díaz Arosemena (1875–1949) |
|
7 August 1948 | 28 July 1949 | National Liberal Party | 1948 | Resigned after a heart attack, and died less than a month later. |
| 13 | Daniel Chanis Pinzón (1892–1961) |
|
28 July 1949 | 20 November 1949 | National Liberal Party | — | |
| 14 | Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón (1905–1981) |
|
20 November 1949 | 24 November 1949 | National Liberal Party | — | First tenure. |
| (10) | Arnulfo Arias (1901–1988) |
|
24 November 1949 | 9 May 1951 | Panameñista Party | — | Second tenure. |
| 15 | Alcibíades Arosemena (1883–1958) |
|
9 May 1951 | 1 October 1952 | Authentic Revolutionary Party | — | |
| 16 | José Antonio Remón Cantera (1908–1955) |
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|
1 October 1952 | 2 January 1955 | National Patriotic Coalition | 1952 | Assassinated. |
| 17 | José Ramón Guizado (1899–1964) |
|
2 January 1955 | 29 March 1955 | National Patriotic Coalition | — | |
| 18 | Ricardo Arias (1912–1993) |
|
29 March 1955 | 1 October 1956 | National Patriotic Coalition | — | |
| 19 | Ernesto de la Guardia (1904–1983) |
|
1 October 1956 | 1 October 1960 | National Patriotic Coalition | 1956 | |
| (14) | Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón (1905–1981) |
|
1 October 1960 | 17 March 1963 | National Liberal Party | 1960 | Second tenure. |
| — | Bernardino González Ruiz (1911–2012) |
|
17 March 1963 | 23 March 1963 | Democratic Action Party | — | Acting president. |
| (14) | Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón (1905–1981) |
|
23 March 1963 | 1 October 1964 | National Liberal Party | — | Second tenure. |
| 20 | Marco Aurelio Robles (1908–1990) |
|
1 October 1964 | 1 October 1968 | National Liberal Party | 1964 | |
| (10) | Arnulfo Arias (1901–1988) |
|
1 October 1968 | 11 October 1968 | Panameñista Party | 1968 | Third tenure. Deposed in a coup d'état. |
| — | José María Pinilla Fábrega (1919–1979) |
|
12 October 1968 | 18 December 1969 | Armed Forces | — | Chairman of the Provisional Junta. |
| 21 | Colonel Bolívar Urrutia Parrilla (1918–2005) |
|
President. | ||||
| - | Demetrio B. Lakas (1925–1999) |
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|
18 December 1969 | 19 December 1969 | Independent | — | Chairman of the Provisional Junta to 11 October 1972. |
| 22 | 19 December 1969 | 11 October 1978 | 1972 | ||||
| 23 | Aristides Royo (born 1940) |
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|
11 October 1978 | 31 July 1982 | Democratic Revolutionary Party | 1978 | |
| 24 | Ricardo de la Espriella (born 1934) |
|
31 July 1982 | 13 February 1984 | Democratic Revolutionary Party | — | |
| 25 | Jorge Illueca (1918–2012) |
|
13 February 1984 | 11 October 1984 | Independent | — | |
| 26 | Nicolás Ardito Barletta Vallarino (born 1938) |
|
11 October 1984 | 28 September 1985 | Democratic Revolutionary Party | 1984 | |
| — | Eric Arturo Delvalle (1937–2015) |
|
28 September 1985 | 26 February 1988 | Republican Party | — | Acting President. |
| — | Manuel Solís Palma (1917–2009) |
|
26 February 1988 | 1 September 1989 | Democratic Revolutionary Party | — | Acting President. |
| — | Francisco Rodríguez (born 1938) |
|
1 September 1989 | 20 December 1989 | Democratic Revolutionary Party | — | Provisional President. Deposed in the US invasion. |
| 27 | Guillermo Endara (1936–2009) |
|
20 December 1989 | 1 September 1994 | Panameñista Party | 1989 | |
| 28 | Ernesto Pérez Balladares (born 1946) |
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|
1 September 1994 | 1 September 1999 | Democratic Revolutionary Party | 1994 | |
| 29 | Mireya Moscoso (born 1946) |
|
1 September 1999 | 1 September 2004 | Panameñista Party | 1999 | Widow of Arnulfo Arias. |
| 30 | Martín Torrijos (born 1963) |
|
1 September 2004 | 1 July 2009 | Democratic Revolutionary Party | 2004 | Son of Omar Torrijos. |
| 31 | Ricardo Martinelli (born 1951) |
|
1 July 2009 | 1 July 2014 | Democratic Change | 2009 | |
| 32 | Juan Carlos Varela (born 1963) |
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|
1 July 2014 | 1 July 2019 | Panameñista Party | 2014 | |
| 33 | Laurentino Cortizo (born 1953) |
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|
1 July 2019 | Incumbent (Term ends on 1 July 2024) |
Democratic Revolutionary Party | 2019 | |
Military leaders of Panama (1968–1989)[edit]
From 1968 to 1989 a military junta exerted actual control over the country and nominated the president, who himself held little power. The following individuals were leaders of the junta.
| Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Military Affiliation | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Brigadier-General Omar Torrijos (1929–1981) |
|
11 October 1968 | 31 July 1981 | National Guard | Styled as Maximum Leader of the Panamanian Revolution from 11 October 1968. Killed in an air crash. |
| 2 | Colonel Rubén Darío Paredes (1933–) |
|
3 March 1982 | 12 August 1983 | National Guard | |
| 3 | General Manuel Noriega (1934–2017) |
|
12 August 1983 | 20 December 1989 | National Guard (until 29 September 1983.) |
Styled as Maximum Leader of the National Liberation from 15 December 1989. Deposed in the US invasion. |
| Panama Defense Forces | ||||||
Living former presidents[edit]
There are nine living former presidents. The most recent former president to die was Eric Arturo Delvalle (1985–1988), on 2 October 2015.
Aristides Royo
1978–1982
Ricardo de la Espriella
1982–1984
Nicolás Ardito Barletta Vallarino
1984–1985
Ernesto Pérez Balladares
1994–1999
Mireya Moscoso
1999–2004
Martín Torrijos
2004–2009
Ricardo Martinelli
2009–2014
Juan Carlos Varela
2014–2019
Timeline[edit]
Latest election[edit]
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laurentino Cortizo | Democratic Revolutionary Party | 655,428 | 33.35 | |||
| Rómulo Roux | Democratic Change | 609,223 | 31.00 | |||
| Ricardo Lombana | Independent | 369,303 | 18.79 | |||
| José Blandón | Panameñista Party | 212,812 | 10.83 | |||
| Ana Matilde Gómez | Independent | 93,608 | 4.76 | |||
| Saúl Méndez | Broad Front for Democracy | 13,582 | 0.69 | |||
| Marco Ameglio | Independent | 11,321 | 0.58 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 48,782 | – | ||||
| Total | 2,014,059 | 100 | ||||
| Registered voters/turnout | 2,757,823 | 73.03 | ||||
| Source: Election Tribunal | ||||||
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "Shocking Gap Between Latin America's Presidential Salaries And Workers Minimum Wage". Latin Post. 22 June 2017.
- ^ a b c d ".:: SomosPanama.com ::". 2 April 2016. Archived from the original on 2 April 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
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