List of longest tunnels

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This list of longest tunnels in the world ranks tunnels that are at least 13 km (43,000 ft) long. Only continuous tunnels are included; pipelines (also buried) are excluded. The longest have been constructed for water distribution, followed by tunnels for railways. Both uses are highly sensitive to gradients.

World's longest tunnels (in use)[edit]

Type Name Location Length Year Comment
Water supply Delaware Aqueduct United States New York State, United States 137,000 m (85.1 mi) 1945 4.1 m wide. New York City's main water supply tunnel, drilled through solid rock.
Water supply Päijänne Water Tunnel Finland Southern Finland, Finland 120,000 m (74.6 mi) 1982 16 m2 cross section
Water supply Dahuofang Water Tunnel China Liaoning Province, China 85,320 m (53.0 mi) 2009 8 m in diameter[1] (50m2 cross section)
Water supply Orange–Fish River Tunnel South Africa South Africa 82,800 m (51.4 mi) 1972 Longest continuous enclosed aqueduct in the southern hemisphere (22.5 m2 cross section)
Water supply Bolmen Water Tunnel Sweden Kronoberg/Scania, Sweden 82,000 m (51.0 mi) 1987 8 m2
Hydroelectric Neelum Jhelum HydroPower Tunnel Pakistan Muzaffarabad AJ&k, Pakistan 68,000 m (42.3 mi) 2017 The 969 MW-Neelum Jhelum Hydropower
Waterwaste Tunel Emisor Oriente Mexico Mexico City, Mexico 62,500 m (38.8 mi) 2008-2014 Water management in Greater Mexico City. Longest waterwaste tunnel.
Metro Guangzhou Metro Line 3 China Guangzhou, China 60,400 m (37.5 mi) Excl. branch 2005-2010 Guangzhou Metro. Longest metro/rapid transit tunnel
Railway Twin Tube Gotthard Base Tunnel Switzerland Central Swiss Alps, Switzerland 57,104 m (35.5 mi) and 57,017 m (35.4 mi) 2016 longest railway tunnel; by geodetic distance (of 55.782 km (34.661 mi)) between the two portals, it is even the world's longest transit tunnel. Total 151.84 km (94.35 mi) of broken out tunnels through solid rocks[2][3]
Metro Beijing Subway Line 10 China Beijing, China 57,100 m (35.5 mi) 2008-2012 Beijing Subway
Railway Single Tube Seikan Tunnel Japan Tsugaru Strait, Japan 53,850 m (33.5 mi) 1988 74 m2; longest railway tunnel until 2016.
Water supply Želivka Water Tunnel[4] Czech Republic Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic 51,075 m (31.7 mi) 1972 5 m2
Railway Twin Tube Channel Tunnel United Kingdom France English Channel, United Kingdom/France 50,450 m (31.3 mi) 1994 Second longest railway tunnel until 2016. Longest underwater section, longest international tunnel (2×45 m2 + 1×18 m2).
Railway Single Tube Yulhyeon Tunnel South Korea Seoul Capital Area, South Korea 50,300 m (31.3 mi)[5] 2016[6] 107 m2
Water supply Lake Sevan Tunnel [7] Armenia Armenia (at the time of construction Soviet Union Soviet Union) 48,314 m (30.0 mi) 1981 Arpa River and Lake Sevan.
Metro Seoul Subway: Line 5 South Korea Seoul, South Korea 47,600 m (29.6 mi) 1995 Longest metro/rapid transit tunnel until Guangzhou Metro Line 3 extension opened in 2010.
Water supply Pahang – Selangor Raw Water Transfer Project[8][9] Malaysia Pahang & Selangor, Malaysia 44,600 m (27.7 mi) 2014 5.2 meters in diameter
Metro Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore): Downtown Line Singapore Singapore, Singapore 43,700 m (27.2 mi) 2017 Longest rapid transit line in South East Asia
Water supply #1 Tunnel, Yellow River Diversion to Shanxi North Line China Shanxi, China 43,670 m (27.1 mi) 2011 See South–North Water Transfer Project
Water supply #7 Tunnel, Yellow River Diversion to Shanxi South Line China Shanxi, China 43,500 m (27.0 mi) 2002 See South–North Water Transfer Project
Metro Nanjing Metro Line 3 China Nanjing, China 41,567 m (25.8 mi) 2011-2015 From Xinghuolu station to Mozhoudonglu station.
Metro Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya Line (Altufyevo – Bulvar Dmitriya Donskogo) Russia Moscow Metro, Russia (construction started at the time of Soviet Union Soviet Union) 41,500 m (25.8 mi) 1983–2002
Metro Madrid Metro: Line 12 (MetroSur) Spain Madrid, Spain 40,900 m (25.4 mi) 1999–2003
Metro Tocho-mae - Shiodome - Hikarigaoka (Toei Oedo Line)[10] Japan Tokyo, Japan 40,700 m (25.3 mi) 1991–2000 Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation
Metro Shanghai Subway: Line 7 China Shanghai, China 40,200 m (25.0 mi) 2009-2011
Hydroelectric Kárahnjúkar Hydropower Plant Iceland Fljótsdalshreppur, Iceland 39,700 m (24.7 mi) 2003–2007 7.2-7.6 meters in diameter (45m2 cross section). Part of a wider complex of tunnels that are 72 kilometers in length combined
Water supply Quabbin Aqueduct United States Massachusetts, United States 39,600 m (24.6 mi) 1897–1905
Metro Chengdu Metro Line 2 China Chengdu, China 38,643 m (24.0 mi)(Excl. branch) 2007-2013 Only include phase 1 and phase 2
Metro Seoul Subway: Line 3 (Apgujeong-Ogeum) South Korea Seoul, South Korea 38,200 m (23.7 mi) 1985-2010
Metro Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line (Novoyasenevskaya – Medvedkovo) Russia Moscow Metro, Russia (at the time of construction Soviet Union Soviet Union) 37,800 m (23.5 mi) 1958–1990 Longest railway tunnel 1978–1984 and from November 1987 till March 1988; longest metro/rapid transit tunnel 1990–1995
Metro Shenzhen Subway: Luobao Line China Shenzhen, China 37,497 m (23.3 mi) 2009-2011
Metro Shenzhen Subway: Shekou Line China Shenzhen, China 36,146 m (22.5 mi) 2010-2011
Water supply Dawushan Tunnel, Niulan River Diversion to Dianchi China Yunnan, China 36,137 m (22.5 mi) 2013
Metro Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore): Circle Line Singapore Singapore, Singapore 35,700 m (22.2 mi) 2009-2012
Metro Busan Metro: Line 2 (Dongwon-Jangsan) South Korea Busan, South Korea 35,500 m (22.1 mi) 1999-2009
Railway Songshan Lake Tunnel[11] China Dongguan, China 35,391 m (22.0 mi) 2016 Dongguan–Huizhou Intercity Railway
Metro Seoul Subway: Line 6 South Korea Seoul, South Korea 35,100 m (21.8 mi) 2001
Metro Seoul Subway: Line 7 (Cheongdam-Bupyeong-gu Office) South Korea Seoul, Incheon, Bucheon and Gwangmyeong in South Korea 35,100 m (21.8 mi) 2000-2012
Railway Single Track Lötschberg Base Tunnel Switzerland Bernese Alps, Switzerland 34,577 m (21.5 mi) 2007 Longest land railway tunnel until Gotthard Base Tunnel was opened; two single track tubes along 12 km, only single track along 22 km
Water supply Tyne-Tees Tunnel United Kingdom England, United Kingdom 34,000 m (21.1 mi) 1983 (and earlier) Northumbrian water supply tunnel.
Metro Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya Line (Zyablikovo – Seligerskaya) Russia Moscow Metro, Russia 33,400 m (20.8 mi) 1995–2018
Metro Madrid Metro: Line 7 Spain Madrid, Spain 32,919 m (20.5 mi) 1974–2007
Railway Twin Tube New Guanjiao Tunnel China Qinghai, China 32,645 m (20.3 mi) 2014[12] Longest tunnel on the upgraded dual-track Xining–Golmud section of Qinghai–Tibet Railway, longest railway tunnel in China, 3323.58–3380.97 meters above sea level
Metro Meijo Line - Meikō Line[13][14] Japan Nagoya Municipal Subway, Japan 32,400 m (20.1 mi) 1965–2004
Metro Guangzhou Subway: Line 2 China Guangzhou, China 32,000 m (19.9 mi) 2010
Metro Rathaus Spandau-Rudow (U7) Germany Berlin U-Bahn, Germany 31,800 m (19.8 mi) 1924–1984
Metro Seoul Metropolitan Subway: Bundang Line (Seoul Forest-Jukjeon) South Korea Seoul, Seongnam and Yongin in South Korea 31,400 m (19.5 mi) 1994–2012
Metro Daegu Metro: Line 2 South Korea Daegu and Gyeongsan in South Korea 31,400 m (19.5 mi) 2005–2012
Metro Beijing Subway: Line 1 China Beijing, China 31,040 m (19.3 mi) 1971–1987
Metro Beijing Subway: Line 4 China Beijing, China 30,950 m (19.2 mi) 2009–2010
Metro Côte-Vertu - Montmorency (Line 2 Orange) Canada Montreal Metro, Canada 30,798 m (19.1 mi) 1966–2007
Metro Shanghai Subway: Line 2 China Shanghai, China 30,187 m (18.8 mi) 2000
Metro Parnas - Kupchino (line 2) Russia Saint Petersburg Metro, Russia (at the time of construction Soviet Union Soviet Union) 30,100 m (18.7 mi) 1961–2006
Metro Guangzhou Subway: Line 5 China Guangzhou, China 29,900 m (18.6 mi) 2009
Water supply Shandaken Tunnel United States Catskill Mountains, New York, United States 29,780 m (18.5 mi) 1916-1924
Metro Shanghai Subway: Line 8 China Shanghai, China 29,650 m (18.4 mi) 2007–2009
Metro Prospekt Veteranov - Devyatkino (line 1) Russia Saint Petersburg Metro, Russia (at the time of construction Soviet Union Soviet Union) 29,600 m (18.4 mi) 1955–1978
Metro Shanghai Subway: Line 10 China Shanghai, China 29,600 m (18.4 mi) 2010
Water supply Evinos - Mornos Tunnel[15][16] Greece Aetolia-Acarnania, Greece 29,400 m (18.3 mi) 1992–1995
Water supply Hultman Aqueduct[17] United States Eastern Massachusetts, United States 28,640 m (17.8 mi) 1939 11.5 ft (3.5 m) to 14 ft (4.3 m) diameter (15m2 cross section); offline for rehabilitation
Railway Twin Tube Guadarrama Tunnel[18] Spain Sierra de Guadarrama, Spain 28,377 m (17.6 mi) 2007
Water supply MetroWest Water Supply Tunnel[19] United States Eastern Massachusetts, United States 28,300 m (17.6 mi) 1996–2003 14 ft (4.3 m) diameter (15m2 cross section)
Railway Twin Tube West Qinling Tunnel ChinaGansu(China) 28.236 km (17.5 mi) 2016 Chongqing–Lanzhou Railway
Metro Taipei Metro: Blue Line Taiwan Taipei, Taiwan 28,200 m (17.5 mi) 1999–2015
Metro Seoul Subway: Line 9 (Gimpo Airport-Sports Complex) South Korea Seoul, South Korea 28,100 m (17.5 mi) 2009-2015
Railway Single Tube Taihang Tunnel[20] China Taihang Mountains, China 27,848 m (17.3 mi) 2007 On Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan high-speed railway
Metro Morden - East Finchley (Northern line) United Kingdom London Underground, England, United Kingdom 27,800 m (17.3 mi) 1890–1940 Longest railway tunnel in UK
Metro Shenyang Subway: Line 1 China Shenyang, China 27,800 m (17.3 mi) 2010
Metro Seoul Metropolitan Subway: Incheon Line 1 (Bakchon-International Business District) South Korea Incheon, South Korea 27,000 m (16.8 mi) 1999–2009
Metro Dainichi-Nagahara (Tanimachi Line)[21] Japan Osaka Municipal Subway, Japan 26,900 m (16.7 mi) 1967–1983
Particle accelerator LEP Tunnel[22] Switzerland France CERN, Switzerland/France 26,659 m (16.6 mi) 1989 11.3–15.9 m2 circular ring, now used by Large Hadron Collider
Metro İstanbul Metro (Line M4) Turkey İstanbul, Turkey 26,500 m (16.5 mi) 2012
Railway Single Tube Hakkōda Tunnel (Tōhoku Shinkansen) Japan Hakkōda Mountains, Japan 26,455 m (16.4 mi) 2010 64–74 m2
Water supply Şanlıurfa Irrigation Tunnels Turkey Turkey 26,400 m (16.4 mi) 2005 [23]
Metro Shanghai Subway: Line 9 China Shanghai, China 26,263 m (16.3 mi) 2007–2010
Hydroelectric Gilgel Gibe II Power Station headrace tunnel Ethiopia Ethiopia 26,000 m (16.2 mi) 2005–2009 Tunnel partially collapsed, was repaired in 2010.[24][25]
Water supply #5 Tunnel, Yellow River Diversion to Shanxi South Line China Shanxi, China 26,000 m (16.2 mi) 2002 See South–North Water Transfer Project
Metro Daegu Metro: Line 1 South Korea Daegu, South Korea 25,900 m (16.1 mi) 1997–2002
Metro MRT Blue Line Thailand Bangkok, Thailand 25,800 m (16.0 mi) 2004 Second phase will be open in April 2019
Railway Single Tube Iwate-Ichinohe Tunnel Japan Ōu Mountains, Japan 25,810 m (16.0 mi) 2002
Water supply Sudbury Aqueduct United States Eastern Massachusetts, United States 25,750 m (16.0 mi) 1878 Emergency backup use
Metro Suzhou Subway: Line 1 China Suzhou, China 25,739 m (16.0 mi) 2007–2011
Road Lærdal Tunnel Norway Lærdal - Aurland, Norway 24,510 m (15.2 mi) 2000 The longest road tunnel in the world
Metro Yellow Line (Delhi Metro): GTB Nagar - Qutub Minar[26] India Delhi, India 24,000 m (14.9 mi) 2004–2010 Longest tunnel in India
Metro Chengdu Metro Line 1 China Chengdu, China 23,900 m (14.9 mi)Excl. branch 2005-2015 Only include phase 1 and phase 2
Metro Madrid Metro: Line 1 Spain Madrid, Spain 23,876 m (14.8 mi) 1919–2007
Railway Lainzer/Wienerwaldtunnel Austria west of Vienna, Austria 23,844 m (14.8 mi) 2012 Breakthrough 2007-09-03
Sewerage Harbour Area Treatment Scheme (HATS) Stage 1[27] Hong Kong Tseung Kwan O, New Kowloon, Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, Tsuen Wan, Tsing Yi and Stonecutters Island, Hong Kong 23,600 m (14.7 mi) 2001
Water supply Eucumbene-Snowy Tunnel[28] Australia NSW, Australia 23,500 m (14.6 mi) 1965 Part of the 145 km tunnel network of the Snowy Mountains Scheme
Metro Madrid Metro: Line 6 Spain Madrid, Spain 23,472 m (14.6 mi) 1979–2007
Metro Angrignon - Honoré-Beaugrand (Line 1 Green) Canada Montreal Metro, Canada 23,262 m (14.5 mi) 1966–2007
Metro Warsaw Metro Line 1: Kabaty - Młociny Poland Warsaw, Poland 23,100 m (14.4 mi) 1983–2008
Metro Beijing Subway: Line 2 China Beijing, China 23,100 m (14.4 mi) 1969–1987
Hydroelectric Xinma Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel China Sichuan, China 22,975 m (14.3 mi) 2009
Metro Chengdu Metro Line 4 China Chengdu, China 22,400 m (13.9 mi)Excl. branch 2012-2015 Only include phase 1
Railway Iiyama Tunnel[29] Japan Iiyama, Japan 22,225 m (13.8 mi) 2015
Railway Daishimizu Tunnel Japan Mount Tanigawa, Japan 22,221 m (13.8 mi) 1982 Longest railway tunnel until Seikan Tunnel was opened.
Water supply Eucumbene-Tumut Tunnel[28] Australia NSW, Australia 22,200 m (13.8 mi) 1959 Part of the 145 km tunnel network of the Snowy Mountains Scheme
Metro Taipei Metro: Orange Line (Fu Jen University - Nanshijiao) Taiwan Taipei, Taiwan 25,100 m (15.6 mi) 1998–2015
Railway Daegwallyeong Tunnel South Korea Pyeongchang-Gangneung (Wonju-Gangneung Line) 21,755 m (13.5 mi) 2017[30]
Water supply Vorotan-Arpa Tunnel[31] Armenia Armenia 21,652 m (13.5 mi) 2004
Particle accelerator (incomplete) UNK proton accelerator Russia Protvino (near Moscow), Russia 21,000 m (13.0 mi) 1994 (breakthrough) Construction stopped after finishing of main circle tunnel, future is unclear
Metro Guangfo Metro China Foshan, China 20,900 m (13.0 mi) 2010
Railway Twin Tube Luliangshan Tunnel China Shanxi, China 20,785 m (12.9 mi) 2011 2 tubes, left tube is 20785 meters, right tube is 20738 meters
Metro Shanghai Subway: Line 4 China Shanghai, China 20,740 m (12.9 mi) 2005–2007
Metro Barcelona Metro: Line 1 Spain Barcelona, Spain 20,700 m (12.9 mi) 1926–1992
Metro Busan Metro: Line 1 (Hadan-Busan Nat'l Univ. of Education) South Korea Busan, South Korea 20,600 m (12.8 mi) 1985–1994
Metro Xian Subway: Line 2 China Xian, China 20,500 m (12.7 mi) 2011
Metro Daejeon Metro: Line 1 South Korea Daejeon, South Korea 20,470 m (12.7 mi) 2006–2007
Metro Nanjing Subway: Line 2 China Nanjing, China 20,380 m (12.7 mi) 2010
Metro Shanghai Subway: Line 6 China Shanghai, China 20,336 m (12.6 mi) 2007
Hydroelectric Ward Tunnel[citation needed] United States California, United States 20,610 m (12.8 mi) 1920–1925 Part of the Big Creek Hydroelectric Project of the Southern California Edison Company. Excavated through solid granite.
Railway Geumjeong Tunnel[32] South Korea Busan, South Korea 20,323 m (12.6 mi) 2010 Gyeongbu High Speed Railway
Railway Twin Tube Wushaoling Tunnel China Wuwei, China 20,060 m (12.5 mi) 2006–2007 Twin Tube, left tube is 20060 meters, right tube is 20050 meters
Electric power transmission tunnel The London Connection[33] United Kingdom London, England, United Kingdom 20,000 m (12.4 mi) 2005[34] National Grid plc, 3-metre diameter, 400 kilovolt circuit
Metro Taipei Metro: Orange Line (Luzhou - Nanshijiao) Taiwan Taipei, Taiwan 19,600 m (12.2 mi) 1998–2010
Railway Twin Tube Simplon Tunnel Switzerland Italy Lepontine Alps, Switzerland/Italy 19,803 m (12.3 mi) 1906 A parallel tunnel was opened in 1922 (19,824 m long); Longest transit tunnel until Daishimizu Tunnel was opened.
Metro Koltsevaya Line (Circle Line) Russia Moscow Metro, Russia (at the time of construction Soviet Union Soviet Union) 19,400 m (12.1 mi) 1950–1954
Hydroelectric Futang Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel China Wenchuan, Sichuan, China 19,319 m (12.0 mi) 2009
Metro Seoul Metropolitan Subway: Bundang Line (Suwon Station-Jukjeon Station) South Korea Yongin and Suwon in South Korea 19,300 m (12.0 mi) 2007–2013
Railway Single Tube Qamchiq Tunnel[35] Uzbekistan Angren–Pap railway, Uzbekistan 19,200 m (11.9 mi) 2016 Longest non-metro railway tunnel in ex-USSR
Metro Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore): North East Line Singapore Singapore, Singapore 19,200 m (11.9 mi) 2003–2011 World's first fully automated and driverless underground rapid transit line
Metro Suzhou Subway: Line 2 China Suzhou, China 19,146 m (11.9 mi) 2009–2012
Metro Maskoŭskaja Line Belarus Minsk Metro, Belarus (at the time of construction Soviet Union Soviet Union) 19,100 m (11.9 mi) 1984-2014
Railway Single Track Vereina Switzerland Silvretta, Switzerland 19,058 m (11.8 mi) 1999 Single track with passing loops, metre gauge
Metro Seoul Subway: Line 4 (Ssangmun-Ichon) South Korea Seoul, South Korea 19,000 m (11.8 mi) 1980
Railway Shin Kanmon Tunnel Japan Kanmon Straits, Japan 18,713 m (11.6 mi) 1975
Hydroelectric Shiziping Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel China Sichuan, China 18,712 m (11.6 mi) 2009
Sewerage Harbour Area Treatment Scheme (HATS) Stage 2[36] Hong Kong Wah Fu, Kennedy Town, Victoria City, North Point and Stonecutters Island, Hong Kong 18,800 m (11.7 mi) 2015
Railway Single Tube Vaglia Italy Bologna - Firenze, Italy 18,711 m (11.6 mi) 2009 Bologna–Florence high-speed railway
Hydroelectric Baoxing Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel China Sichuan, China 18,676 m (11.6 mi) 2007
Railway Single Tube Apennine Base Tunnel Italy Tuscan-Emilian Apennines, Italy 18,507 m (11.5 mi) 1934
Metro Obolonsko–Teremkivska line Ukraine Kiev Metro, Ukraine (at the time of construction Soviet Union Soviet Union) 18,480 m (11.5 mi) 1976
Railway Twin Tube Qinling Tunnel I-II China Qin Mountains, China 18,460 m (11.5 mi) 2000 Twin tubes, left tube is 18460 meters, right tube is 18456 meters[37]
Hydroelectric Tatev Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel Armenia Armenia (at the time of construction Soviet Union Soviet Union) 18,400 m (11.4 mi) 1970
Road Twin Tube Yamate Tunnel Japan Tokyo, Japan 18,200 m (11.3 mi) 2015
Metro Shanghai Subway: Line 1 China Shanghai, China 18,110 m (11.3 mi) 1995
Metro Avtozavodskaya Line Belarus Minsk Metro, Belarus (at the time of construction Soviet Union Soviet Union) 18,100 m (11.2 mi) 1990-2005
Road Twin Tube Zhongnanshan China China 18,040 m (11.2 mi) 2007 The longest road tunnel in China
Metro Line 2 (Athens Metro)[38] Greece Athens, Greece 17,900 m (11.1 mi) 1991–2013
Metro Line 3 (Athens Metro)[38] Greece Athens, Greece 17,800 m (11.1 mi) 1991–2013 Line 3 is actually 41 km long, but only 17.8 km of it are underground.
Metro Beijing Subway: Line 5 China Beijing, China 17,825 m (11.1 mi) 2007
Road Jingpingshan China Sichuan, China 17,500 m (10.9 mi) 2008 The deepest transportation tunnel in China
Metro Shenzhen Subway: Longgang Line China Shenzhen, China 17,333 m (10.8 mi) 2010–2011
Metro Kholodnohirsko–Zavodska Line Ukraine Kharkiv Metro, Ukraine (at the time of construction Soviet Union Soviet Union) 17,300 m (10.7 mi) 1975
Metro Seoul Metropolitan Subway: Shinbundang Line South Korea Seoul and Seongnam in South Korea 17,300 m (10.7 mi) 2011
Water supply Mavi Tünel (Blue Tunnel)[39] Turkey Konya, Turkey 17,034 m (10.6 mi) 2012 Breakthrough 2007
Road Gotthard Road Tunnel Switzerland Lepontine Alps, Switzerland 16,918 m (10.5 mi) 1980
Metro Guangzhou Metro: Line 4 China Guangzhou, China 16,790 m (10.4 mi) 2005
Metro Barcelona Metro: Line 4 Spain Barcelona, Spain 16,700 m (10.4 mi) 1929–1999
Metro Barcelona Metro: Line 3 Spain Barcelona, Spain 16,600 m (10.3 mi) 1924–2001
Metro Seoul Subway: Line 2 (Jamsil-Sillim) South Korea Seoul, South Korea 16,700 m (10.4 mi) 1980–1984
Metro Barcelona Metro: Line 5 Spain Barcelona, Spain 16,600 m (10.3 mi) 1959–1983
Water supply Murrumbidgee-Eucumbene Tunnel[28] Australia NSW, Australia 16,600 m (10.3 mi) 1961 Part of the 145 km tunnel network of the Snowy Mountains Scheme
Metro Ankara Metro (Kizilay-Çayyolu) Turkey Ankara, Turkey 16,590 m (10.3 mi) 2002–2014
Metro İstanbul Metro (Line M2) Turkey İstanbul, Turkey 16,500 m (10.3 mi) 2000–2009
Metro Beijing Subway: Line 9 China Beijing, China 16,500 m (10.3 mi) 2011–2012
Hydroelectric Jinkang Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel China Sichuan, China 16,490 m (10.2 mi) 2006
Metro Madrid Metro: Line 8 Spain Madrid, Spain 16,467 m (10.2 mi) 1998–2007
Metro Guangzhou Metro: Line 1 China Guangzhou, China 16,449 m (10.2 mi) 1997
Metro Madrid Metro: Line 3 Spain Madrid, Spain 16,424 m (10.2 mi) 1939–2007
Railway Rokkō Tunnel[40] Japan Mount Rokkō, Japan 16,250 m (10.1 mi) 1972
Railway Solan Tunnel[41] South Korea Taebaek, Gangwon-do, South Korea 16,240 m (10.1 mi) 2012 Taebaek Line, includes a spiral; breakthrough 2006-12-07
Metro Seoul Subway: Line 7 (Suraksan-Konkuk University) South Korea Seoul, South Korea 16,000 m (9.9 mi) 1996
Metro İstanbul Metro (Line M3) Turkey İstanbul, Turkey 15,900 m (9.9 mi) 2013
Former railway Henderson Tunnel[42][43] United States Front Range, United States 15,800 m (9.8 mi) 1976 Narrow gauge railway, replaced by a conveyor belt in 1999. Only one portal (served an underground mine)[44]
Water supply Pandaoling Tunnel, Datong River Diversion to Shaanxi Project China China 15,723 m (9.8 mi) 1994
Metro Budapest Metro: Line 3[45] Hungary Hungary 15,500 m (9.6 mi) 1976-1990 Line 3 is actually 17.39 km long, but only 15.5 km of it is underground.
Railway Single Track Furka Base Switzerland Urner Alps, Switzerland 15,442 m (9.6 mi) 1982 Single track with passing loops, metre gauge
Metro Seoul Subway: Line 3 (Gupabal-Geumho) South Korea Seoul, South Korea 15,400 m (9.6 mi) 1985
Metro Tianjin Subway: Line 1 China Tianjin, China 15,378 m (9.6 mi) 1976–2006
Railway Haruna Japan Gunma Prefecture, Japan 15,350 m (9.5 mi) 1982
Railway Single Track Severomuysky Tunnel Russia Severomuysky Range, Russia 15,343 m (9.5 mi) 2003
Waterwaste Deer Island Outfall Tunnel[46] United States Deer Island, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 15,290 m (9.5 mi) 2000 24 ft (7.3 m) diameter (42m2 cross section); discharges treated effluent into Atlantic Ocean
Railway Single Tube Firenzuola Italy Bologna - Firenze, Italy 15,285 m (9.5 mi) 2009 Bologna–Florence high-speed railway
Hydroelectric Inguri Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel Georgia (country) Georgia (at the time of construction Soviet Union Soviet Union) 15,279 m (9.5 mi) 1978
Metro Shanghai Subway: Line 2 China Shanghai, China 15,274 m (9.5 mi) 2000 Between Zhanjianggaoke station and Lingkong Station
Water supply Jinquidi Tunnel, Niulan River Diversion to Dianchi China Yunnan, China 15,257 m (9.5 mi) 2013
Metro Beijing Subway: Line 8 China Beijing, China 15,200 m (9.4 mi) 2008–2011
Hydroelectric Baotan Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel China Guangxi, China 15,200 m (9.4 mi) 2010
Railway Gorigamine Tunnel[40] Japan Takasaki - Nagano, Japan 15,175 m (9.4 mi) 1997
Hydroelectric Xuecheng Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel[47] China Sichuan, China 15,174 m (9.4 mi) 2007
Railway Single Track Monte Santomarco Italy Paola - Cosenza, Italy 15,040 m (9.3 mi) 1987
Railway Single Tube Gotthard Rail Tunnel Switzerland Lepontine Alps, Switzerland 15,003 m (9.3 mi) 1882 Longest transit tunnel until Simplon Tunnel was opened.
Metro Gwangju Metro: Line 1 (Hakdong·Jeungsimsa-GwangjuSongjeong) South Korea Gwangju, South Korea 15,000 m (9.3 mi) 2004
Railway Nakayama Tunnel Japan Gunma Prefecture, Japan 14,857 m (9.2 mi) 1982 Jōetsu Shinkansen
Water supply Dangara Irrigation Tunnel[48] Tajikistan Nurek, Tajikistan (at the time of construction Soviet Union Soviet Union) 14,800 m (9.2 mi) 1987
Railway Cuajone-El Sargento Peru Ilo-Toquepala / Cuajone Industrial Railroad - Southern Peru Copper Corporation, Peru 14,724 m (9.1 mi)[49] 1975
Railway Single Track Mount Macdonald Tunnel Canada Rogers Pass, Glacier National Park, Canada 14,723 m (9.1 mi) 1989
Railway Single Tube Lötschberg Tunnel Switzerland Alps, Switzerland 14,612 m (9.1 mi) 1913
Water supply Caoe River Diversion Project China Zhejiang, China 14,600 m (9.1 mi) 2011
Railway Single Tube Romerike Tunnel Norway Oslo - Lillestrøm, Norway 14,580 m (9.1 mi) 1999
Water supply Snowy-Geehi Tunnel[28] Australia NSW, Australia 14,500 m (9.0 mi) 1966 Part of the 145 km tunnel network of the Snowy Mountains Scheme
Metro Seoul Metropolitan Subway: Line 4 (Isu-Beomgye) South Korea Seoul, Gwacheon and Anyang in South Korea 14,500 m (9.0 mi) 1980–1994
Hydroelectric Jisha Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel China Yunnan, China 14,467 m (9.0 mi) 2007
Water supply #6 Tunnel, Yellow River Diversion to Shanxi South Line China Shanxi, China 14,400 m (8.9 mi) 2002 See South–North Water Transfer Project
Water supply Ala Mountain Pass Water Supply Project China Xinjiang, China 14,346 m (8.9 mi) 2010
Road Twin Tube Mount Ovit Tunnel[50] Turkey Erzurum Province-Rize Province, Turkey 14,346 m (8.9 mi) 2018
Metro Stockholm Metro: Tunnelbana 3 (Blue Line) Kungsträdgården-Hjulsta Sweden Stockholm, Sweden 14,300 m (8.9 mi) 1975–1977
Railway Single Tube Dayaoshan Tunnel[51] China Nanling Mountains, China 14,294 m (8.9 mi) 1987
Hydroelectric Zaramag Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel[52][53] Russia Ardon River, North Ossetia, Russia 14,226 m (8.8 mi) 2015[54]
Water supply Tooma-Tumut Tunnel[28] Australia NSW, Australia 14,200 m (8.8 mi) 1961 Part of the 145 km tunnel network of the Snowy Mountains Scheme
Metro Guangzhou Subway: Line 8 China Guangzhou, China 14,200 m (8.8 mi) 2003–2010
Metro Metro Lisbon - Blue (Seagull) Line Portugal Lisbon, Portugal 14,000 m (8.7 mi) 1959–2007
Metro MTR - Island Line (West of Hang Fa Chuen) Hong Kong Victoria City, Hong Kong 14,000 m (8.7 mi) 1985/1986/2014
Road Arlberg Road Tunnel Austria Arlberg, Austria 13,972 m (8.7 mi) 1978
Water supply Shanggongshan Tunnel, Zhangjiuhe Water Supply Project China Yunnan, China 13,941 m (8.7 mi) 2007
Hydroelectric Dayingshan #4 Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel China Yunnan, China 13,932 m (8.7 mi) 2009 8.5 meters in diameter (57m2 cross section)
Railway Hokuriku Tunnel Japan Fukui Prefecture, Japan 13,870 m (8.6 mi) 1962 Hokuriku Main Line
Railway Single Tube Xiapu Tunnel China Fujian, China 13,838 m (8.6 mi) 2009
Railway Twin Tube Yesanguan Tunnel China Hubei, China 13,838 m (8.6 mi) 2010 Tube I: 13838 meters, tube II: 13796 meters
Hydroelectric Centrala Hidroelectrică Lotru-Ciunget Romania Ciungetu, Romania 13,719 m (8.5 mi) 1972 concrete tunnel with a diameter of 5 meters
Road Twin Tube Xishan Tunnel China Shanxi, China 13,654 m (8.5 mi) 2012 Left tube: 13654 meters, right tube: 13570 meters
Railway Single Tube Fréjus (Mont Cenis) France Italy Alps, France/Italy 13,636 m (8.5 mi) 1871
Railway Single Tube North Tianshan Tunnel China Xinjiang, China 13,610 m (8.5 mi) 2009
Railway Marmaray Turkey Istanbul, Turkey 13,600 m (8.5 mi) 2013 Built next to a fault zone, between two continents
Railway Single Track Savio Rail Tunnel Finland Helsinki - Kerava, Finland 13,575 m (8.4 mi) 2008
Metro Busan Metro: Line 3 (Suyeong-Deokcheon) South Korea Busan, South Korea 13,500 m (8.4 mi) 2005
Railway Twin Tube Shin Shimizu Tunnel[40] Japan Mount Tanigawa, Japan 13,500 m (8.4 mi) 1967
Railway Single Track Hex River Tunnel[55] South Africa Hex River Pass, South Africa 13,400 m (8.3 mi) 1989
Railway Wonhyo Tunnel[56][57] South Korea Ulsan, South Korea 13,270 m (8.2 mi) 2010 Gyeongbu High Speed Railway
Railway Single Tube Dabieshan Tunnel China Hubei, China 13,256 m (8.2 mi) 2008
Railway Schlern Tunnel[58] Italy South Tyrol, Italy 13,159 m (8.2 mi) 1993
Railway Single Tube Caponero-Capoverde Italy Genova - Ventimiglia, Italy 13,135 m (8.2 mi) 2001 Includes an underground station ("San Remo")
Road Twin Tube Hongtiguan Tunnel China Shanxi, China 13,122 m (8.2 mi) 2013 Left tube: 13122 meters, right tube: 13098 meters
Metro Barcelona Metro Line 2 Spain Barcelona, Spain 13,100 m (8.1 mi) 1985–1997
Railway Aki Tunnel Japan Sanyo Shinkansen, Japan 13,030 m (8.1 mi) 1975
Many more tunnels exist that are shorter than 13 kilometres (8 mi)

World's longest tunnels (under construction)[edit]

Type Name Location Length Year Comment
Water Supply Yunnan–Guizhou Water Tunnel China Yunnan, China 661,000 m (410.7 mi) 2025 Inter river basin water transfer[59][60][61]
Water Supply New York City Water Tunnel No. 3 United States New York State, United States 96,560 m (60.0 mi) 2020 More water supply for New York City. Already in use; at completion it will be the world's third longest tunnel
Metro Paris Metro Line 15 FranceParis Petite Couronne, France 75,000 m (46.6 mi) 2022–2030 Circular line
Metro Bolshaya Koltsevaya line Russia Moscow Metro, Russia 69,000 m (42.9 mi)[62] 2018–2022 Circular line
Railway Twin Tube Brenner Base Tunnel Austria Italy Stubai Alps, Austria – Italy 55,000 m (34.2 mi) 2026 Pilot tunnel under construction. Together with the already constructed Inntal Tunnel it will form the world's longest continuous railway tunnel with 67 km.[63]
Metro L9 / L10 Spain Barcelona, Spain 43,710 m (27.2 mi) 2009–2016 (partially) The total system will have a length of 47.8 km, of which 43.71 km is underground and 4.09 km is on viaducts. Northern section of the line is in operation since 2009-12-13. Southern section of the line is in operation since 2016-02-12. Future of central section is unclear.
Metro Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore): Thomson-East Coast Line Singapore Singapore, Singapore 42,000 m (26.1 mi) 2024
Railway Gaoligongshan Tunnel China Yunnan, China 34,586 m (21.5 mi) 2022 Railway between Dali and Ruili. Construction started in August 2017.[64]
Railway Twin Tube Koralm Tunnel Austria Koralpe, Austria 32,900 m (20.4 mi) 2022 Part of Koralm Railway; boring of main tunnel started at the west portal May 2010[65]
Metro Sydney Metro Northwest Australia Sydney, Australia 27,500m (17.1 mi) 2019 The line incorporates the existing 13km Epping to Chatswood rail link. It forms part of the wider Sydney Metro project.
Railway Twin Tube Semmering Base Tunnel Austria Lower Austria/Styria, Austria 27,300 m (17.0 mi) 2026 Construction of the first contract section started January 2014.[66] Will cut travel time between Vienna and Graz by 30 minutes and is part of the Baltic-Adriatic Corridor
Road Rogfast Norway Harestad-Arsvågen, Norway 26,700 m (16.6 mi) 2026 Construction started in January 2018. Will be the longest road tunnel in the world, and also the deepest undersea tunnel, 392 meters below sea level.
Water Supply Melamchi Water Tunnel[citation needed] Nepal Melamchi to Kathmandu, Nepal 26,000 m (16.2 mi) 2015[needs update] (??) Under construction, financed by Asian Development Bank
Railway Musil Tunnel[67][68] South Korea Wonju-Jecheon (Jungang Line), South Korea 25,080 m (15.6 mi) 2018 Work slated to start June 2011[needs update]
Railway Twin Tube Pajares Base Tunnel Spain Principado de Asturias and León, Spain 24,667 m (15.3 mi) (??) Breakthrough 2008; opening date in question due to severe water leakage and lowering of local water tables[69]
Water Supply Mae Taeng–Mae Ngat Tunnel[70] Thailand Chiang Mai, Thailand 25,624 m (15.9 mi) 2021 4.00 m in diameter. This tunnel is a part of "Mae Taeng–Mae Ngat–Mae Kuang Diversion Tunnel Project"
Water Supply Mae Ngat–Mae Kuang Tunnel[70] Thailand Chiang Mai, Thailand 22,975 m (14.3 mi) 2021 4.20 m in diameter. This tunnel is a part of "Mae Taeng–Mae Ngat–Mae Kuang Diversion Tunnel Project"
Railway Follo Line Norway Oslo, Norway 19,500 m (12.1 mi) 2020–2021 Groundbreaking 2014[71]
Road WestConnex Australia Sydney, Australia 19,000 m (11.8 mi) 2023
(2019 partial completion)
Road Förbifart Stockholm[72] Sweden Stockholm, Sweden 16,500 m (10.3 mi) 2025 Construction started in August 2014
Railway Twin Tube Ceneri Base Tunnel Switzerland Lepontine Alps, Switzerland 15,400 m (9.6 mi) 2020–2021 New Gotthard Railway
Road New Mount Zigana Tunnel Turkey Torul-Maçka, Turkey 14,481 m (9.0 mi)[73] 2020 Construction started in April 2016
Road Twin tube Ryfast Norway Stavanger-Strand, Norway 14,300 m (8.9 mi) 2019 Construction started in March 2013
Road Zoji-la Tunnel India Zoji La Pass, India 14,200 m (8.8 mi)[74] 2026 Construction started in May 2018
Metro MRT Orange Line[75] Thailand Bangkok, Thailand 13,770 m (8.6 mi) 2023 Orange Line Phase 1
Possibly incomplete table. Many more tunnels are under construction that will be shorter than 13 kilometres (8 mi)

World's longest tunnels (advanced planning stage)[edit]

Type Name Location Length Year Comment
Road & Rail Taiwan Strait Tunnel  China  Taiwan

Taiwan Strait

150,000 m

(93.2 mi)

??? Approved since 2013 on Chinese side
Railway Bohai Strait tunnel China Bohai Strait, China 123,000 m (76.4 mi) ???
Railway Talsinki FinlandEstonia

Helsinki, Finland – Tallinn, Estonia

100,000 m (62.1 mi) after 2030 Awaiting financing
Water supply Qinling Tunnel, Han River Diversion to Wei River China Shaanxi, China 98,300 m (61.1 mi) ???
Railway Mont d'Ambin Base Tunnel France Italy Cottian Alps, France – Italy 57,000 m (35.4 mi) after 2023 Access shafts constructed; reconnaissance tunnels under construction
Mineral transportation Woodsmith Mine Potash Project Mineral Transport System (MTS) United Kingdom North York Moors, United Kingdom 36,700 m (22.8 mi)[76] 2021 6 m in diameter[77] incorporating conveyor and maintenance access. Start of construction planned for 2016.[needs update][78]
Metro Athens Metro Line 4[79] Greece Athens, Greece 33,000 m (20.5 mi) 2022–2023 Start of construction planned for 2016[needs update]
Railway Barrandov Tunnel Czech Republic Prague – Beroun 24,700 m (15.3 mi)[80] ??? Project is on hold
Road and railway Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link GermanyDenmark Germany–Denmark 17,600 m (10.9 mi) 2028[81] Start of construction planned for 2020[82]
Road twin tube Kresna Gorge Tunnel[83] Bulgaria Kresna, Bulgaria 15,400 m (9.6 mi) cancelled Part of Struma motorway, connecting Sofia and Athens.
Road twin tube Agua Negra Tunnel ChileArgentina Chile–Argentina 14,000 m (8.7 mi) ??? Awaiting ratification by Chile[citation needed]
Ship Tunnel Stad Ship Tunnel Norway Selje, Norway 1,700 m (1.1 mi) 2023 World’s First Tunnel for Ships. Construction is expected to start in 2019.

World's longest tunnels (abandoned)[edit]

Type Name Location Length Year Comment
Water supply Gadara Aqueduct Roman Empire 94,000 m (58.4 mi) 129– In present-day Jordan

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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