List of largest cities

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The United Nations uses three definitions for what constitutes a city, as not all cities in all jurisdictions are classified using the same criteria. Cities may be defined as the cities proper, the extent of their urban area, or their metropolitan regions. The largest city by population using the city proper definition, which is the area under the administrative boundaries of a local government, is Chongqing, China. The largest city by population using the metropolitan area definition, which is a loose term referring to urban area and its primary commuter areas, is Tokyo, Japan. The largest city by population using the urban area definition, which is a loose term referring to a contiguous area with a certain population density, is also Tokyo, Japan.

Definitions

City proper (administrative)

Main article: City proper
The municipality of Chongqing, China, whose administrative area is around the size of Austria, has the largest population for a city proper. However, more than 70% of its residents live in rural areas.

A city can be defined by its administrative boundaries (city proper). UNICEF defines city proper as "the population living within the administrative boundaries of a city or controlled directly from the city by a single authority." A city proper is a locality defined according to legal or political boundaries and an administratively recognised urban status that is usually characterised by some form of local government.[1][2][3] Cities proper and their boundaries and population data may not include suburbs.[4]

The use of city proper as defined by administrative boundaries may not include suburban areas where an important proportion of the population working or studying in the city lives.[4] Because of this definition, the city proper population figure may differ greatly with the urban area population figure, as many cities are amalgamations of smaller municipalities (Australia), and conversely, many Chinese cities govern territories that extend well beyond the traditional "city proper" into suburban and rural areas.[5] The Chinese municipality of Chongqing, which claims the largest city proper in the world by population, comprises a huge administrative area of 82,403 km2, around the size of Austria. However, more than 70% of its 30-million population are actually agricultural workers living in a rural setting.[6][7]

Urban area

Main article: Urban area

A city can be defined as a conditionally contiguous urban area, without regard to territorial or other boundaries inside an urban area. UNICEF defines urban area as follows:

The definition of "urban" varies from country to country, and, with periodic reclassification, can also vary within one country over time, making direct comparisons difficult. An urban area can be defined by one or more of the following: administrative criteria or political boundaries (e.g., area within the jurisdiction of a municipality or town committee), a threshold population size (where the minimum for an urban settlement is typically in the region of 2,000 people, although this varies globally between 200 and 50,000), population density, economic function (e.g., where a significant majority of the population is not primarily engaged in agriculture, or where there is surplus employment) or the presence of urban characteristics (e.g., paved streets, electric lighting, sewerage).

According to Demographia, an urban area is a continuously built up land mass of urban development that is within a labor market (metropolitan area or metropolitan region) and contains no rural land.[8]

Metropolitan area

Main article: Metropolitan area
Tokyo is widely considered the world's largest city (by urban area and metropolitan area). The satellite image shows that its urbanization has exceeded its city limits.

A city can be defined by the inhabitants of its demographic population, as by metropolitan area, or labour market area. UNICEF defines metropolitan area as follows:

A formal local government area comprising the urban area as a whole and its primary commuter areas, typically formed around a city with a large concentration of people (i.e., a population of at least 100,000). In addition to the city proper, a metropolitan area includes both the surrounding territory with urban levels of residential density and some additional lower-density areas that are adjacent to and linked to the city (e.g., through frequent transport, road linkages or commuting facilities).

In many countries, metropolitan areas are established either with an official organisation or only for statistical purposes. In the United States, metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for statistical purposes.[9] In the Philippines, metropolitan areas have an official agency, such as Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) which manages Manila metropolitan area.[10] Similar agencies exist in Indonesia such as Jabodetabekjur Development Cooperation Agency for Jakarta metropolitan area.[11]

List

There are 81 cities with a population over 5 million people according to the United Nations 2018 estimates. The UN figures are a mixture of city proper, metropolitan area, and urban area. Several cities such as Jakarta and Seoul have significantly larger metropolitan/urban population figures that are excluded in the UN data.[12]

  • Tokyo, Japan: 39 million people (urban area)

    Tokyo, Japan: 39 million people (urban area)

  • Jakarta, Indonesia: 35 million people (urban area)

    Jakarta, Indonesia: 35 million people (urban area)

  • Chongqing, China: 32 million people (city proper)

    Chongqing, China: 32 million people (city proper)

  • Delhi, India: 28 million people (urban area)

    Delhi, India: 28 million people (urban area)

  • Shanghai, China: 26 million people (city proper)

    Shanghai, China: 26 million people (city proper)

  • Seoul, South Korea: 26 million people (metropolitan area)

    Seoul, South Korea: 26 million people (metropolitan area)

  • Mumbai, India: 24 million people (metropolitan area)

    Mumbai, India: 24 million people (metropolitan area)

  • Manila, Philippines: 24 million people (urban area)

    Manila, Philippines: 24 million people (urban area)

  • New York City, USA: 24 million people (urban area)

    New York City, USA: 24 million people (urban area)

  • São Paulo, Brazil: 23 million people (urban area)

    São Paulo, Brazil: 23 million people (urban area)

  • Beijing, China: 22 million people (city proper)

    Beijing, China: 22 million people (city proper)

  • Mexico City, Mexico: 22 million people (metropolitan area)

    Mexico City, Mexico: 22 million people (metropolitan area)

City[a] Country UN 2018 population estimates[b] City proper[c] Urban area[8] Metropolitan area[d]
Definition Population Area
(km2) 		Density
(/km2) 		Population Area
(km2) 		Density
(/km2) 		Population Area
(km2) 		Density
(/km2)
 
Tokyo Japan 37,468,000 Metropolis prefecture 13,515,271 2,191 6,169
[13] 		39,105,000 8,231 4,751
[e] 		37,274,000 13,452 2,771
[14]
Delhi India 28,514,000 Capital City 16,753,235 1,484 11,289
[15] 		31,870,000 2,233 14,272
[f] 		29,000,000 3,483 8,326
[16]
Shanghai China 25,582,000 Municipality 24,870,895 6,341 3,922
[17][18] 		22,118,000 4,069 5,436
[g] 		— — —
São Paulo Brazil 21,650,000 Municipality 12,252,023 1,521 8,055
[19] 		22,495,000 3,237 6,949
[h] 		21,734,682 7,947 2,735
[20]
Mexico City Mexico 21,581,000 City-state 9,209,944 1,485 6,202
[21] 		21,505,000 2,385 9,017 21,804,515 7,866 2,772
[22]
Cairo Egypt 20,076,000 Urban governorate 9,500,000 3,085 3,079
[23] 		19,787,000 2,010 9,844 — — —
Mumbai India 19,980,000 Municipal corporation 12,478,447 603 20,694
[24] 		22,186,000 1,008 22,010
[25][i] 		24,400,000 4,355 5,603
[26]
Beijing China 19,618,000 Municipality 21,893,095 16,411 1,334
[17][18] 		19,437,000 4,172 4,659 — — —
Dhaka Bangladesh 19,578,000 Capital city 8,906,039 338 26,349
[27][28] 		16,839,000 456 36,928 14,543,124
[29] 		— —
Osaka Japan 19,281,000 Designated city 2,725,006 225 12,111
[13] 		15,490,000 3,020 5,129
[j] 		19,303,000 13,228 1,459
[14]
New York United States 18,819,000 City 8,804,190 778 11,316
[30] 		23,582,649 12,093 1,950
[k] 		20,140,470 12,093 1,665
[31]
Karachi Pakistan 15,400,000 Metropolitan city 14,910,352 3,530 4,224
[32][33] 		15,292,000 1,044 14,648
[34] 		16,051,521 3,780 4,246
[35]
Buenos Aires Argentina 14,967,000 Autonomous city 3,054,300 203 15,046
[36] 		16,216,000 3,222 5,033 12,806,866
[37] 		— —
Chongqing China 14,838,000 Municipality 32,054,159 82,403 389
[38][18] 		8,261,000 1,536 5,378 — — —
Istanbul Turkey 14,751,000 Metropolitan municipality 15,519,267 5,196 2,987
[39] 		15,311,000 1,375 11,135 — — —
Kolkata India 14,681,000 Municipal corporation 4,496,694 205 21,935
[40] 		18,698,000 1,352 13,830
[41] 		14,035,959 1,851 7,583
[42]
Manila Philippines 13,482,000 Capital city 1,780,148 43 41,399
 [43] 		23,971,000 1,873 12,798
[l] 		12,877,253 620 20,770
 [43]
Lagos Nigeria 13,463,000 Metropolitan city — — — 15,487,000 1,966 7,877 21,000,000 1,171 17,933
[44]
Rio de Janeiro Brazil 13,293,000 Municipality 6,520,000 1,221 5,340
[45] 		12,486,000 2,020 6,181 12,644,321 5,327 2,374
[46]
Tianjin China 13,215,000 Municipality 13,866,009 11,920 1,163
[17][18] 		10,932,000 2,813 3,886 — — —
Kinshasa DR Congo 13,171,000 City-province 11,462,000 9,965 1,150
[47] 		15,056,000 466 32,309 — — —
Guangzhou China 12,638,000 City (sub-provincial) 14,498,400 7,434 1,950
[17] 		21,489,000 4,341 4,950
[m] 		— — —
Los Angeles United States 12,458,000 City 3,990,456 1,214 3,287
[30] 		15,477,000 6,351 2,437 13,291,486 12,559 1,058
[48]
Moscow Russia 12,410,000 Federal city 13,200,000 2,511 5,257
[49][50] 		17,693,000 5,879 3,010 20,004,462
[51] 		— —
Shenzhen China 11,908,000 City (sub-provincial) 12,528,300 2,050 6,111
[17] 		14,678,000 1,803 8,141 — — —
Lahore Pakistan 11,738,000 Metropolitan city 11,126,000 1,772 6,279
[32] 		11,148,000 852 13,085 — — —
Bangalore India 11,440,000 Municipal corporation 8,443,675 709 11,909
[52] 		13,999,000 1,204 11,627 — — —
Paris France 10,901,000 Commune 2,148,271 105 20,460
[53] 		11,027,000 2,844 3,877 12,244,807 — —
Bogotá Colombia 10,574,000 Capital District 7,963,000 1,587 5,018
[54] 		9,274,000 562 16,502 12,545,272 5,934 2,114
[55]
Jakarta Indonesia 10,517,000 Special capital region 10,154,134 664 15,292
[56] 		35,362,000 3,541 9,986
[n] 		33,430,285 7,063 4,733
[57]
Chennai India 10,456,000 Municipal corporation 6,727,000 426 15,791
[58][59] 		11,564,000 1,085 10,658 11,564,000 5,904 2,280
[60]
Lima Peru 10,391,000 Metropolitan municipality 8,894,000 2,672 3,329
[61] 		8,992,000 891 10,092 9,569,468 2,819 3,395
[62]
Bangkok Thailand 10,156,000 Special administrative area 8,305,218 1,569 5,293
[63] 		17,573,000 3,199 5,493
[64] 		16,255,900 7,762 2,094
[65]
Seoul South Korea 9,963,000 Special city 10,013,781 605 16,552
[66] 		22,394,000 2,769 8,087 25,514,000 11,704 2,180
[66]
Nagoya Japan 9,507,000 Designated city 2,320,361 326 7,118
[13] 		9,522,000 3,704 2,571 9,363,000 7,271 1,288
[14]
Hyderabad India 9,482,000 Municipal corporation 6,993,262 650 10,759
[67][68] 		9,840,000 1,274 7,724 — — —
London United Kingdom 9,046,000 Capital city 8,825,001 1,572 5,614
[69] 		11,120,000 1,738 6,398 14,372,596
[70] 		8,382 1,715
Tehran Iran 8,896,000 Capital city 9,033,003 751 12,028
[71][72] 		13,819,000 1,704 8,110 — — —
Chicago United States 8,864,000 City 2,746,388 589 4,663
[30] 		9,013,000 7,006 1,286 9,618,502 18,640 516
[73]
Chengdu China 8,813,000 City (sub-provincial) 16,044,700 14,378 1,116
[17] 		11,920,000 1,829 6,517 — — —
Nanjing China 8,245,000 City (sub-provincial) 7,260,000 6,582 1,103
[74] 		7,729,000 1,614 4,789 — — —
Wuhan China 8,176,000 City (sub-provincial) 10,892,900 8,494 1,282
[17] 		9,729,000 1,722 5,650 — — —
Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam 8,145,000 Municipality 7,431,000 2,061 3,606
[75] 		13,954,000 1,637 8,524 — — —
Luanda Angola 7,774,000 Municipality 2,165,867 116 18,671
[76] 		8,883,000 1,005 8,839 — — —
Ahmedabad India 7,681,000 Municipal corporation 5,570,585 464 12,006
[77] 		7,717,000 360 21,436 6,300,000
[78] 		— —
Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 7,564,000 City 1,768,000 243 7,276
[79] 		8,639,000 2,163 3,994 7,200,000 2,793 2,578
[80]
Xi'an China 7,444,000 City (sub-provincial) 8,989,000 10,135 887
[17] 		7,090,000 1,093 6,487 — — —
Hong Kong China 7,429,000 Special administrative region 7,298,600 1,104 6,611
[81][82] 		7,398,000 290 25,510 — — —
Dongguan China 7,360,000 Prefecture-level city 8,342,500 2,465 3,384
[17] 		8,142,000 1,759 4,629 — — —
Hangzhou China 7,236,000 City (sub-provincial) 9,468,000 16,596 570
[17] 		6,713,000 1,445 4,646 — — —
Foshan China 7,236,000 Prefecture-level city 7,197,394 3,848 1,870
[17] 		—
[o] 		— — — — —
Shenyang China 6,921,000 City (sub-provincial) 8,294,000 12,980 639
[17] 		7,208,000 1,515 4,758
[p] 		— — —
Riyadh Saudi Arabia 6,907,000 Municipality 6,694,000 1,913 3,499
[83] 		6,889,000 1,673 4,118 — — —
Baghdad Iraq 6,812,000 Urban governorate 8,126,755 5,200 1,563
[84] 		6,107,000 694 8,800 — — —
Santiago Chile 6,680,000 City (commune) 236,453 22 10,748
[85] 		7,026,000 1,147 6,126 7,112,808 15,403 462
[86]
Surat India 6,564,000 Municipal corporation 4,466,826 327 13,660
[87] 		4,875,000 238 20,483 — — —
Madrid Spain 6,497,000 Municipality 3,266,126 606 5,390
[88] 		6,006,000 1,365 4,400 6,641,649 — —
Suzhou China 6,339,000 Prefecture-level city 10,721,700 8,488 1,263
[17] 		5,103,000 1,386 3,682 — — —
Pune India 6,276,000 Municipal corporation 3,124,458 276 11,321
[89] 		7,948,000 650 12,228 7,276,000 7,256 1,003
[90]
Harbin China 6,115,000 City (sub-provincial) 10,635,971 53,068 200
[17] 		4,583,000 671 6,830 — — —
Houston United States 6,115,000 City 2,325,502 1,553 1,497
[30] 		6,529,000 4,931 1,324 6,997,384 21,395 327
[91]
Dallas United States 6,099,000 City 1,345,047 882 1,525
[30] 		6,960,000 5,278 1,319
[q] 		7,470,158 22,463 333
[92]
Toronto Canada 6,082,000 City 2,731,571 630 4,336
[93][94] 		6,985,000 2,300 3,037 5,928,040 5,906 1,004
[95]
Dar es Salaam Tanzania 6,048,000 City 4,364,541 1,393 3,133 7,461,000 961 7,764 — — —
Miami United States 6,036,000 City 470,914 93 5,069
[30] 		6,212,000 3,313 1,875 6,158,824 15,890 388
Belo Horizonte Brazil 5,972,000 City 2,502,557 331 7,563 5,159,000 1,288 4,005 5,156,217 9,459 545
Singapore Singapore 5,792,000 Country 5,638,700 726 7,770 5,271,000 1,287 4,096 — — —
Philadelphia United States 5,695,000 Consolidated city-county 1,526,006 370 4,129 5,697,000 5,429 1,049 6,096,120 — —
Atlanta United States 5,572,000 City 420,003 354 1,186 5,434,000 7,400 734 5,949,951 21,690 274
Fukuoka Japan 5,551,000 Designated city 1,588,924 343 4,627 2,280,000 505 4,515 — — —
Khartoum Sudan 5,534,000 — 639,598 22,142 29 6,017,000 1,031 5,836 5,274,321 — —
Barcelona Spain 5,494,000 Municipality 1,620,343 101 15,980
[96] 		4,735,000 1,072 4,417 5,474,482
[97] 		— —
Johannesburg South Africa 5,486,000 Metropolitan municipality — — — 14,167,000 4,040 3,507
[98] 		— — —
Saint Petersburg Russia 5,383,000 Federal city — — — 5,207,000 1,373 3,792 — — —
Qingdao China 5,381,000 City (sub-provincial) — — — 6,232,000 1,655 3,766 — — —
Dalian China 5,300,000 City (sub-provincial) — — — 3,994,000 987 4,047 — — —
Washington United States 5,207,000 Federal district 702,455 177 3,969
[30] 		7,583,000 5,501 1,378
[r] 		6,263,245 17,009 368
[99]
Yangon Myanmar 5,157,000 City — — — 6,497,000 603 10,774 — — —
Alexandria Egypt 5,086,000 Urban governorate — — — 4,857,000 293 16,577 — — —
Jinan China 5,052,000 City (sub-provincial) 8,700,000 10,244 849 4,381,000 798 5,490 — — —
Guadalajara Mexico 5,023,000 Municipality 1,385,621 151 9,176
[21] 		5,437,000 313 17,371
[22] 		5,286,642 3,560 1,485

See also

Notes

  1. ^ For urban/metropolitan areas that have more than one core city, the figure for their city proper should use either the most populous one (e.g. Dallas for Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex) or the best-known one (e.g. Manila for Metro Manila, instead of Quezon City).
  2. ^ UN figures for each cities are varied between city proper, metropolitan area, and urban agglomeration.[12]
  3. ^ Figures taken from official census when possible
  4. ^ Figures taken from official census when possible
  5. ^ Includes large areas Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba and Saitama prefectures and smaller areas of Gunma, Tochigi and Ibaraki prefectures.
  6. ^ Includes Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Noida, Gurgaon and Bahadurgarh urban areas and New Delhi.
  7. ^ Includes Taicang
  8. ^ Includes Francisco Morato
  9. ^ Includes Kalyan and urban areas of Panvel, Bhiwandi and Vasai-Virar.
  10. ^ Includes major cities of Kobe and Kyoto, collectively also known as Keihanshin area.
  11. ^ Includes Bridgeport, New Haven, Trenton, Danbury, Waterbury and Twin Rivers urban areas.
  12. ^ The continuous urbanization of Manila extends outward its Metro Manila into other neighbouring provinces such as Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal, Pampanga and Batangas provinces.
  13. ^ Includes the city of Foshan.
  14. ^ Includes Tangerang, South Tangerang, Bogor, Bekasi and Karawang.
  15. ^ Included in Guangzhou
  16. ^ Includes the city of Fushun.
  17. ^ Includes the city of Fort Worth, collectively known as Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex.
  18. ^ Includes the city of Baltimore.

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External links

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