List of mobile network operators of Europe

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Mobile phone penetration in Europe based on available data between 2009 and 2012:
  > 140%
  120–140%
  100–120%
  < 100%
  No data

A mobile network operator or MNO (also known as a wireless service provider, wireless carrier, cellular company, or mobile network carrier) is a provider of wireless communications services. The main MNOs in Europe are listed below.

Albania[edit]

Albania as per Q1 2021 has 3.66 million subscribers, out of which there are 2.49 million active users (101% penetration rate). An active user is the number of users that communicated in the last three months.[1]

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Albania is the AKEP.

In 2022 4iG group, owning ONE Telecommunications, acquires majority stake of ALBtelecom Mobile (80.27%) [1]. Leading to a network merger on 2023.

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 One Albania
•Includes the former ALBtelecom Mobile network.[2] 		GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE		 1.914 (Q3 2021) Antenna Hungária[3][4] 27601
27603
2 Vodafone Albania GSM-900/1800 MHz
(GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
VoLTE 3600 MHz/3700 MHz 5G NR testing 		1.888 (Q3 2023) Vodafone Group plc (99.9%) 27602

Andorra[edit]

Andorra has 88,109 mobile subscribers[5] or about 113.63% mobile penetration.

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Andorra Telecom
(Formerly Servei de Telecomunicacions d'Andorra)		 900/1800 MHz GPRS
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
800/1800/2100 MHz
LTE-LTE-A
VoLTE
3500 MHz - 5G NR		 0.088[6] (2021) Government of Andorra[7] 21303

Armenia[edit]

As of 2017, Armenia has 3.5 million subscribers in total, and a 120% penetration rate.[8]

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership
1 VIVA-MTS GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
UMTS-900/2100 MHz (Band: B1/B8) (UMTS, HSDPA)
LTE, LTE-A, 5G, VoLTE, VoWiFi
LTE-1800/2600 MHz (Band: B3/B7) (LTE) 		2.2 (Q1 2022)[9] MTS
2 Team Telecom Armenia GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
UMTS-900/2100 MHz (Band: B1/B8) (UMTS, HSDPA)
LTE-LTE-A (900 MHz, 1800 MHz) 		1.0 (November 2017) Telecom Armenia CJSC
3 Ucom GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
UMTS-900/2100 MHz (Band: B1/B8) UMTS, HSDPA
LTE-LTE-A -1800/2600 MHz (Band: B3/B7) (LTE) 		0.933 (December 2017) Ucom

Austria[edit]

Austria has 13.0 million assigned numbers (i.e. 2.0 2G, 10.8 3G and 0.1 4G SIM cards), or a 151.0% penetration rate (Q4 2014[10]).

The Regulatory Authority for telecommunication in Austria is the Austrian Regulatory Authority for Broadcasting and Telecommunications (RTR).

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 A1 GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
3500 MHz 5G NR		 5.148 (including yesss!) (Q3 2022)[11] A1 Telekom Austria Group
(América Móvil (56.55%), ÖBAG (28.42%), free float (15.03%). 		23201
2 Magenta Telekom
(Formerly T-Mobile, max.mobil.)		 GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ (roams on 3's UMTS network where no UMTS)
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
700/3500 MHz 5G NR		 4.557 (Q2 2022)[12] Deutsche Telekom AG 23203
3 Drei
•Includes the previous Orange network.		 GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
(roams on Magenta Telekom's GSM network when needed)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
3500 MHz 5G NR		 3.222 (Q3 2022)[13] CK Hutchison Holdings 23205
4 spusu Uses Drei's 2G/3G/4G

(Own LTE network in plans)

3500 MHz 5G NR (Network in parts of Burgenland and Lower Austria only for now, building out the network in progress)

~0.300 (Q3 2022) MASS Response 23217

Azerbaijan[edit]

In December 2005, Azerbaijan had 2 million subscribers in total, a 25% penetration rate.[citation needed] In 2014, Azerbaijan had over 10 million subscribers in total, or a 130% penetration rate.[citation needed]

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Azercell GSM 900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE		 4.417[14] (April 2013) AzInTelecom (state-owned company) 40001
2 Bakcell GSM 900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE[15]		 3.4 Neqsol Holding 40002
3 Nar GSM 1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE		 2.1 (March 2014) Azerfon LLC 40004
4 Nakhtel (operating in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic) GSM 900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE
CDMA 800		   Nakhtel LLC 40006

Belarus[edit]

Belarus had 12.0 million subscribers in total, or a 126% penetration rate in Q4 of 2020.

The Regulatory Authority for telecommunication in Belarus is the Ministry of Communications and Informatization.

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 MTS GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE		 5.7 (Q1 2022)[9] Beltelecom (51%)
MTS (49%) 		25702
2 A1
(Formerly velcom)		 GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
 4.889 (Q2 2022)[16] A1 Telekom Austria Group
(América Móvil (51%), ÖBAG (28.42%), free float (20.58%). 		25701
3 Life GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A		 1.5 (Q2 2022)[17] Turkcell 25704

Belgium[edit]

Belgium has 13.89 million subscribers in total, or a 124% penetration rate[18] (Q4 2014).

The Regulatory Authority for telecommunication in Belgium is the Belgian Institute for Postal services and Telecommunications (BIPT).

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Proximus
(formerly Belgacom)		 900/1800 GSM (EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR		 5.320[19] Proximus Group N.V./S.A.
(Government of Belgium 53.3%) 		20601
2 Orange
(formerly Mobistar, OBE)		 900/1800 GSM (EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi		 5.538 (Q1 2023)[20] Orange S.A. (76.97%), others (23.03%) 20610
3 Base
900/1800 GSM (EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi 		2.952 (Q3 2021)[21] Telenet Group N.V./S.A.
(Liberty Global 100%) 		20620

Bosnia and Herzegovina[edit]

In December 2022, Bosnia and Herzegovina had 3.811 million subscribers in total,[22] or a 115% penetration rate.

The Regulatory Authority for telecommunication in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the Communications Regulatory Agency (Regulatorna agencija za komunikacije, RAK).[23]

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
in million		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 BH Mobile

(Formerly GSM-BIH)

GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE

VoLTE, ViLTE, eSIM (postpaid only)

5G NR (in development)

1.577 (Q2 2023) Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (90%), free float (10%) 21890
2 m:tel

(Formerly MOBI'S)

GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE),
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro

VoLTE, ViLTE, eSIM (postpaid only)

1.273 (Q2 2023) Telekom Srbija 21805
3 HT ERONET

(Formerly HTmobile)

GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE),
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+, HSDPA, HSUPA, DC-HSPA+
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro

VoLTE, ViLTE, eSIM (postpaid only)

5G NR (in development)

0.834 (Q2 2023) Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (50.10%), Hrvatski Telekom (39.10%), Hrvatska pošta (5.23%), free float (5.27%) 21803


Bulgaria[edit]

Bulgaria has 7,964,361 subscribers in total, or a 123.5% penetration rate according to the CRC annual report for 2022.[24]

The Regulatory Authority for Telecommunication in Bulgaria is the Communications Regulation Commission (CRC).

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers Coverage Ownership MCC / MNC
1 A1
(Formerly Mtel, Mobiltel)		 GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE)
900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+
900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM
3600 MHz 5G NR		 3.737 (Q3 2021)[11] Link A1 Telekom Austria Group
(América Móvil (51%), ÖBAG (28.42%), free float (20.58%)) 		28401
2 Yettel
(Formerly Telenor, Globul)		 GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE)
900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, ViLTE, eSIM
2600/3600 MHz 5G NR		 3.463 (Q2 2021)[25] Link PPF 28405
3 Vivacom
(Formerly Vivatel)		 GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+
900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM
1800/3600 MHz 5G NR		 2.953 (Q1 2021)[26] Link United Group 28403

Croatia[edit]

Croatia has 4,404,652 subscribers in total, or a 102.8% penetration rate. (4Q 2019)[27]

The Regulatory Authority for telecommunication in Croatia is the Hrvatska agencija za poštu i elektronicke komunikacije (website available in Croatian and English language).

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Hrvatski Telekom
(Formerly T-Mobile, HTmobile, HT CRONET)		 GSM-900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM (postpaid only)
2100/3500 MHz - 5G NR		 2.326 (Q3 2021)[12] Deutsche Telekom AG (51.7%) 21901
2 A1
(Formerly Vip, Vipnet)		 GSM-900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+
700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, VoLTE, eSIM (postpaid only)
700/3600 MHz - 5G NR		 1.990 (Q3 2021)[11] A1 Telekom Austria Group
(América Móvil (51%), ÖBAG (28.42%), free float (20.58%)) 		21910
3 Telemach
(Formerly Tele2) 		GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
700/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A

700/3400-3800 MHz - 5G NR eSIM (postpaid only) (roaming on Hrvatski Telekom 2G and 3G when no coverage)

0.923 (Q1 2021)[26] United Group 21902

Cyprus[edit]

Cyprus has 1,392,480 subscribers in total, or a 151.7% penetration rate (excludes Northern Cyprus).[29]

The Regulatory Authority for telecommunication in Cyprus (excluding Northern Cyprus) is OCECPR (Office of the Commissioner of Electronic Communications and Postal Regulation).

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
Mobile Network Operators in Cyprus (excludes Northern Cyprus)
1 CYTA 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE
700/3600 MHz 5G NR[30]		 0.710 (Q4 2022)[29][31] Cyprus Telecommunications Authority
(Government of Cyprus 100%) 		28001
2 Epic
(Formerly MTN, Areeba)		 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE
700/3600 MHz 5G NR		 0.440 (Q4 2022)[29][32] Monaco Telecom SAM 28010
3 PrimeTel 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+
900/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE
(2G roaming on Cyta when needed)		 0.150 (Q4 2022)[29] PrimeTel PLC 28020
4 Cablenet
(Formerly Lemontel, as MVNO on Cyta)		 800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
(2G/3G roaming on Cyta when needed)		 0.093 (Q4 2022)[29] Cablenet Communications Systems PLC
(GO Malta 63.4%) 		28022
Mobile Network Operators operating only in Northern Cyprus
1 Kuzey Kıbrıs Turkcell 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE+[33] 		0.576 (Q2 2023)[34] Turkcell A.Ş. 28601
2 Telsim Vodafone 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE+[35]		 0.382 (Q2 2023)[34] Vodafone Turkey A.Ş. 28602

Czechia[edit]

The Czech Republic has 16.121 million subscribers in total, or a 151% penetration rate (December 2019).[36]

The Regulatory Authority for telecommunication in the Czech Republic is the Český telekomunikační úřad.

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 T-Mobile
(Formerly Paegas)		 GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, ViLTE, VoWiFi
1800/2100 MHz - 5G NR		 6.497 (Q3 2023)[12] Deutsche Telekom AG 23001
2 O2
(Formerly Eurotel, Český Telecom) 		GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
1800/3500 MHz - 5G NR		 5.987 (Q2 2021)[25] PPF N.V. 23002
3 Vodafone
(Formerly Oskar)		 GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, ViLTE, VoWiFi 700/1800/2100/3500 5GNR		 3.991 (Q3 2023)[37] Vodafone Group plc 23003

Denmark[edit]

Denmark has 8.208 million subscribers in total, or a 146% penetration rate[38] (June 2014). The regulator is the Danish Business Authority.

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 TDC GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+
800/2600 MHz[39] LTE
VoLTE
3500 MHz - 5G NR		 3.157 (Q3 2021)[40] TDC 23801
2 Telenor
(Formerly Sonofon)		 900/1800 GSM, (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+
800/900/1800/2100 MHz LTE
VoLTE

(Shares network with Telia)
3500 MHz - 5G NR

1.646 (Q4 2021)[41] Telenor 23802
3 Telia 900/1800 GSM, (GPRS, EDGE)
900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE
VoLTE

(Shares network with Telenor)

1.620 (Q4 2021)[42] Telia Company 23820
4 3 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+
1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE
VoLTE
VoWiFi
(Roams on TDC's GSM / UMTS / LTE network where 3 does not reach)		 1.524 (Q3 2022)[13] CK Hutchison Holdings (60%), Investor AB (40%) 23806

Estonia[edit]

Estonia has 2.524 million subscribers in total, or a 188% penetration rate.[43] (December 2008)

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Telia

(Formerly EMT)

GSM-900/1800 (EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE
VoLTE
3500 MHz - 5G NR		 1.191 (Q4 2021)[42] Telia Company 24801
2 Elisa
(Formerly Radiolinja)		 GSM-900/1800 (EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE		 0.684 (Q3 2021)[44] Elisa 24802
3 Tele2

(Formerly Q-GSM)

GSM-900/1800 (EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
800/1800/2100 MHz LTE		 0.437 (Q4 2021)[45] Tele2 24803

Faroe Islands[edit]

The Faroe Islands have 61,388 subscribers, or a 126% penetration rate (population 48,652).[46] (2020) The Regulatory Authority for telecommunication in the Faroe Islands is Fjarskiftiseftirlitið.

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Føroya Tele GSM-900
900/2100 MHz UMTS
1800 MHz LTE		 0.045 (74%) Government of Faroe Islands 28801
2 Nema
(Formerly Hey, Vodafone, Kall)		 GSM-900
2100 MHz UMTS
1800 MHz LTE		 0.013 (25%) Nema 28802
3 Tosa GSM-900
2100 MHz UMTS
1800 MHz LTE		 0.0 (0%) Tosa 28803

Finland[edit]

Finland has 7.700 million subscribers in total, or a 144.59% penetration rate.[24] (December 2009).

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Elisa
(Formerly Radiolinja)		 GSM-900/1800 MHz (EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE
3500 MHz - 5G NR		 4.239 (Q3 2021)[44] Elisa 24405
24406
24421
2 Telia
(Formerly Telecom Finland, Sonera)		 GSM-900/1800 MHz (EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE
3500 MHz - 5G NR		 3.234 (Q4 2021)[42] Telia Company 24420
24436(SYV[2])
24491
3 DNA GSM-900/1800 MHz (EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
3500 MHz - 5G NR		 2.699 (Q4 2021)[41] Telenor 24403
24404
24412
24413
24436(SYV[3])
4 Ålcom
(Formerly ÅMT / Ålands Mobiltelefon)		 GSM-900 MHz (EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A		 Not Yet Available Mariehamns Telefon, Ålands Telefonandelslag 24414

France[edit]

France has 75.5 million subscribers in total, or a 115.2% penetration rate (September 2015).[47]

The Regulatory Authority for telecommunication in France is ARCEP.

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Orange
(Formerly Orange-Itineris,Itineris)		 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi 		24.775 (Q3 2021)[20] Orange S.A. 20801
2 SFR 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi 		20.769 (Q4 2022)[48] Altice (80.4%), free float (19.6%)[49] 20810
3 Bouygues Telecom 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi 		14.941 (Q3 2021)[50] Bouygues Group (90.53%) 20820
4 Free Mobile 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ (Roaming on Orange 2G/3G when needed, limited to 384 kbit/s download, 384 kbit/s upload)
700/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE 		13.486 (Q3 2021)[51] Iliad S.A. 20815

Georgia[edit]

As of March 2023, Georgia has 5,369,908 subscribers in total. The Regulatory Authority for telecommunication in Georgia is the Georgian National Communications Commission.[52][53]

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Magticom GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE )
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2100 MHz LTE, LTE Advanced
VoLTE		 2.240 (March 2023)[54] International Tellcell LLC 28202
2 Silknet
(Formerly Geocell)		 GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+, CDMA2000, EVDO Rev. A
2300 MHz TD-LTE, LTE Advanced, LTE Advanced Pro
800/900/1800 MHz LTE		 1.791 (March 2023)[54] Silk Road Group 28201
3 Cellfie
(Formerly Beeline)		 GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE Advanced		 1.331 (March 2023)[54] CBS Group 28204

Germany[edit]

Germany has 114.1 million subscribers in total, or a 140% penetration rate[24] (December 2011). The Regulatory Authority for telecommunication in Germany is the Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA).

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Telekom
(Formerly D1 DeTeMobil, T-Mobile)		 900/1800 MHz GSM (EDGE)
700/800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
700/2100/3600 MHz 5G NR 		56.067 (Q1 2023)[12] Deutsche Telekom AG 26201
2 O2
(Formerly VIAG Interkom)
• Includes the previous E-Plus network.		 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
700/1800/3600 MHz 5G NR		 44.363 (Q1 2023)[55] Telefónica S.A. (69.2%), free float (30.8%) 26203
3 Vodafone
(Formerly D2 Mannesmann, Vodafone D2)		 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
700/1800/3600 MHz 5G NR 		30.704 (Q3 2023)[37] Vodafone Group plc 26202

Gibraltar[edit]

Gibraltar, the British overseas territory has 0.028 million subscribers in total, or a 92.12% penetration rate.[24] (December 2009)

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Gibtelecom GSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS
800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A		 0.022[citation needed] Government of Gibraltar 26601

Greece[edit]

In 2020, Greece had 11,412,995 subscribers in total, or a 109% penetration rate.[56] The Regulatory Authority for telecommunications in Greece is the Hellenic Telecommunications and Post Commission (EETT).

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 COSMOTE 900/1800 GSM (EDGE)
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR 		7.373 (Q2 2023)[57] OTE A.E.
(Deutsche Telekom AG 52.3%) 		20201, 20202
2 Vodafone
(Formerly Panafon)
•Includes the previous CYTA Hellas network.		 900/1800 GSM (EDGE)
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE VoWiFi
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR		 4.266 (Q3 2023)[37] Vodafone Group (100%) 20205 (Vodafone), 20214 (CYTA Hellas)
3 NOVA
(Formerly TELESTET, TIM, WIND)
•Includes the previous Q-TELECOM network.		 900/1800 GSM (EDGE)
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE VoWiFi
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR		 3.700 (Q2 2021)[58] United Group B.V. 20209 (Q-TELECOM), 20210 (NOVA)

Guernsey[edit]

The British Crown dependency Guernsey has 0.055 million subscribers in total, or a 95% penetration rate.[citation needed] (December 2005)

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Sure GSM-900
2100 MHz UMTS
LTE		 Not yet available Batelco 23455
2 JT GSM-1800
2100 MHz UMTS		 Not yet available JT Group 23450
3 Airtel-Vodafone GSM-1800
2100 MHz UMTS		 Not yet available Bharti Airtel (50%), Vodafone (50%) 23403

Hungary[edit]

Hungary has 11.8 million subscribers in total.[59] (December 2017)

The Regulatory Authority for telecommunication in Hungary is NMHH – Nemzeti Média-, és Hírközlési Hatóság.

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Magyar Telekom
(Formerly Westel 900, Westel, T-Mobile)		 GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi

(LTE 800 MHz is in cooperating with Yettel)
2100/3600 MHz 5G NR

5.582 (Q3 2021)[12] Deutsche Telekom AG (59.21%), Free Float (40.79%)[60] 21630
2 Yettel
(Formerly Pannon GSM, Pannon, Telenor)		 GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ *
700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE

(LTE 800 MHz is in cooperating with Telekom)
2100/3600 MHz 5G NR

3.449 (Q2 2021)[25] PPF 21601
3 Vodafone
• Includes the previous UPC Hungary and DIGI Mobile networks.		 GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR 		3.055 (Q3 2021)[37] 4iG (70.5%) and Government of Hungary (29.5%)[61] 21670

*900 MHz 3G closed in 07.2022, in process of shutting down 2100 MHz, complete shutdown expected in 2023

Iceland[edit]

Iceland has 0.470 million subscribers in total, or a 129.19% penetration rate.[24] (July 2019)

The Regulatory Authority for telecommunication in Iceland is Póst- og fjarskiptastofnun.

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Síminn
(formerly Landssíminn)		 GSM-900/1800 MHz
900/2100 MHz UMTS
700/1800/2600 MHz LTE
VoLTE
3600 MHz 5G NR		 0.173[62] (July 2019) Síminn 27401
2 Nova 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
1800 MHz LTE
VoLTE
3500 MHz 5G NR		 0.155[62] (July 2019) Nova 27411
3 Vodafone
(formerly Og Vodafone, Íslandssími)		 GSM-900/1800 MHz
2100 MHz UMTS
800/1800 MHz LTE
3500 MHz 5G NR		 0.130[62] (July 2019) Sýn 27402

Ireland[edit]

At the end of March 2022 Ireland had 8.117 million mobile subscribers in total, representing a 158.4% penetration rate.

If mobile broadband and M2M subscriptions are excluded, the total number of mobile subscribers was 5.414 million, representing a 105.6% penetration rate.[63]

The Regulatory Authority for telecommunication in Ireland is the Commission for Communications Regulation (ComReg).

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Three
•Includes the previous O2 network 		900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A (Operating on a temporary licence)
1800/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML 		3.447 (Q2 2022)[13]
1.618 (excluding MBB and M2M) (Q1 2022)		 CK Hutchison Holdings 27205 (Three), 27202 (O2)
2 Vodafone
(Formerly Eircell) 		900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC‑HSPA+ *
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A (Operating on a temporary licence)
1800/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, RCS, AML

* shutdown beginning 02.2023

2.130 (Q3 2023)[37] Vodafone Group plc 27201
3 eir
(Formerly Meteor) 		900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A (Operating on a temporary licence)
1800/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML 		1.233 (Q1 2022)
1.164 (excluding MBB and M2M) (Q1 2022)		 Iliad (31.6%), NJJ (32.9%)[64] 27203

Isle of Man[edit]

The British Crown dependency Isle of Man has an unknown number of subscribers in total and an unknown percentage penetration rate.

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers (in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Manx Telecom GSM-900
2100 MHz UMTS
800/1800 MHz LTE 		Not Yet Available Basalt Investment Partners 23458
2 Sure GSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS

800/1800Mhz LTE, LTE-A

Not Yet Available Batelco 23436

Italy[edit]

As of March 2022, Italy has 106.5 million active lines in total, of whose 78 million are human ones, or a 174% penetration rate.[65] The country's telecom regulator is AGCOM.

In 2016 Wind and 3 Italy have agreed to complete a merger that has been approved by European and national authorities and, since March 2020, all consumer and business offers are sold under the new brand Wind Tre. A new operator, Iliad, entered the Italian market in May 2018 as a consequence of this merger.[66]

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(human lines in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Wind Tre

(Formerly Wind and 3 Italy)

900 MHz GSM, GPRS, EDGE
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
1800/2600/3500/28000 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML		 18.817 (Q4 2022)[13]
(Includes Very Mobile)		 CK Hutchison Holdings 22288 and 22299
2 TIM

(Formerly SIP)

900 MHz GSM, GPRS, EDGE
700/800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/1800/3500/28000 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML		 18.438 (Q4 2022)[67]
(Includes Kena Mobile)		 Telecom Italia 22201
3 Vodafone

(Formerly Omnitel)

900 MHz GSM, GPRS, EDGE
700/800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/2100/3500/28000 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, AML		 17.674 (Q3 2023)[37]
(Includes ho-mobile)		 Vodafone Group 22210
4 Iliad Roaming on Wind 2G
900 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
700/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
(RAN sharing on Wind 3G/4G where needed)
700/3500/28000 MHz 5G NR
AML		 9.567 (Q4 2022)[51] Iliad Group 22250
5 FASTWEB Roaming on Wind Tre 2G/3G/4G/5G
28000 MHz 5G NR (FWA only)
VoLTE, AML		 3.087 (Q4 2022)[68] Swisscom 22208

Jersey[edit]

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 JT GSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE		 Not Yet Available JT Group 23450
2 Sure GSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS		 Not Yet Available Batelco 23455
3 Airtel-Vodafone GSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS		 Not Yet Available Bharti Airtel (50%), Vodafone (50%) 23403

Kosovo[edit]

Kosovo has 1.88 million subscribers in total, or a 103.47% penetration rate[69] (June 2018). As of February 2023, Vala and Ipko have been awarded with 5G licenses and is currently under deployment.[70]

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in %)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Vala GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A

800/3600 MHz 5G NR (under deployment)

51.95%[71] (Q2 2018) Government of Kosovo 22101
2 Ipko GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A

800/3600 5G NR (under deployment)

36.07%[72] (Q2 2018) Telekom Slovenije

Latvia[edit]

Latvia has 2.243 million subscribers in total, or a 99.72% penetration rate.[24] (December 2009)

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 LMT GSM-900/1800 MHz
900/2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+
700/800/1500/1800/2100/2300/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
3500 MHz 5G NR

VoLTE

1.347 (Q4 2021)[42] Republic of Latvia and related (51%), Telia (49%) 24701
2 Tele2 GSM-900/1800 MHz
900/2100 MHz UMTS
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/1500/3500 MHz - 5G NR		 0.993 (Q4 2021)[45] Tele2 24702
3 Bite GSM-900 MHz
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+
700/800/1800/2100/2300/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
1500/3500 MHz - 5G NR		 0.467[73] (September 2012) Providence Equity Partners 24705
4 Triatel 450 MHz CDMA2000[74] 24703
5 Xomobile International mobile network based in Latvia[75] 24709

Liechtenstein[edit]

Liechtenstein has 0.039 million subscribers in total, or a 105% penetration rate.[24] (April 2015)

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 FL1 [de]
(formerly Mobilkom Liechtenstein AG)		 GSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS
800 MHz LTE		 Not Yet Available State-owned 29505
2 7acht
(formerly Orange FL)		 GSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS
1800 MHz LTE		 Not Yet Available Salt Mobile SA 29502
3 Swisscom FL GSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS
900/1800/2100 MHz LTE
VoLTE		 Not Yet Available Swisscom 29501

The Liechtenstein mobile phone system is attached to Switzerland, customers of these three providers can roam on Swiss networks without additional fees.

Lithuania[edit]

Lithuania has 3.826 million subscribers in total, or a 137% penetration rate (Q4 2022).[76]

The regulator is Ryšių Reguliavimo Tarnyba (RRT).

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Tele2 (Pildyk) GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+
800/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE

VoLTE, VoWIFI

700 Mhz, 3500 Mhz 5G NR

1.765 (Q4 2022) Tele2 24603
2 Telia (Ezys; Telia Extra, Interselas)
(Formerly Omnitel, Teo LT)		 GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
700/800/900/1500*1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE,VoWIFI

700 MHz, 3500 MHz - 5G NR

1.124 (Q4 2022) Telia Company 24601
3 Bitė (Labas, Teledema, Magnetukas) GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+
700/800/1800/2100/2300/2500/2600 MHz LTE

VoLTE
2300 MHz - 5G NR

0.859 (Q4 2022) Providence Equity Partners 24602
4 Mezon 2300/2500/2600 MHz LTE / 5G NR[77][78] 0.097 (~2% May 2020) Bitė Lietuva (Was SC Lithuanian Radio and Television Centre - State owned) 24608

Luxembourg[edit]

Luxembourg has 719,000 subscribers in total, or a 148% penetration rate.[24] (December 2009)

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Orange GSM-1800 (EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE
3500 MHz - 5G NR		 0.225 (Q4 2022) Orange S.A. 27099
2 Tango GSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE
VoLTE
3500 MHz - 5G NR		 0.295 (Q4 2022) Proximus Group 27077
3 POST GSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
1800 MHz LTE
3500 MHz - 5G NR		 0.250[citation needed] POST Luxembourg 27001
4 Luxembourg Online 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA Not Yet Available Luxembourg Online 27005

Malta[edit]

Malta has 0.702 million subscribers in total, or a 130.19% penetration rate[79] (June 2023)

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Epic
(Formerly Vodafone Malta and Telecell)		 GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
3500 MHz - 5G NR		 0.278[37] (June 2023) Monaco Telecom 27801
2 GO
(Formerly MALTACOM)		 GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
3500 MHz - 5G NR		 0.251[79] (June 2023) Dubai Holding (40%), Public (60%) 27821
3 Melita 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A Pro
3500 MHz - 5G NR		 0.173[79] (June 2023) EQT Partners 27877

Moldova[edit]

Moldova has 4.263 million subscribers in total, or a 120% penetration rate[80] (2012).

The country's telecommunications regulator is ANRCETI.

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Orange GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE		 2.097 (Q3 2021)[20] Orange S.A. (94.3%) 25901
2 Moldcell GSM-900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE		 1.4 (2020)[81] CG Corp Global[82] 25902
3 Moldtelecom 450 MHz CDMA2000, EVDO Rev. A
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A		 0.459 (2020)[81] Moldtelecom 25903,25905,25999
4 Interdnestrcom
operating in Transnistria region only		 800 MHz CDMA2000, EVDO Rev. A[83]
800 MHz LTE[84]		 0.291 (2012)[85] Sheriff 25906

Monaco[edit]

Monaco has 0.023 million subscribers on the Monaco Telecom network, or a 70.1% penetration rate[24] (December 2009). The French networks are also widely available in Monaco, but they don't disclose subscriber figures for Monaco.

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Monaco Telecom 900 MHz GSM
900/2100 MHz UMTS
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE
3500 MHz 5G NR		 0.021 NJJ Capital/Xavier Niel 55%, Société Nationale de Financement 45% 21210

Montenegro[edit]

Montenegro has 1,097,574 subscribers in total, or a 177.02% penetration rate (October 2013).[86]

The Regulatory Authority for telecommunication in Montenegro is Agencija za elektronske komunikacije i poštansku djelatnost.

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
( in % ) [87]		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 m:tel GSM 900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE		 37% (Feb 2023) 51% Telekom Srbija, 49% Telekom Srpske 29703
2 Crnogorski Telekom GSM 900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR		 35% (Feb 2023) Hrvatski Telekom (76.53%) (Deutsche Telekom AG 60.49%), free float (23.47%) 29702
3 One GSM 900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
900/1800/2100 MHz LTE
700/3600 MHz 5G NR		 28% (Feb 2023) Antenna Hungária[4] 29701

Netherlands[edit]

The Netherlands has 22.12 million subscribers in total, or a 125.7% penetration rate[88] (Q1 2023).

The Regulatory Authorities for telecommunication in The Netherlands are the Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets (ACM: Autoriteit Consument & Markt) and the Dutch Authority for Digital Infrastructure (RDI: Rijksdienst Digitale Infrastructuur)

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Odido
(Formerly T-Mobile, Ben, Dutchtone)
•Includes the previous Tele2 and Orange networks. 		1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)*
*2G discontinued as of 1 June 2023, remains active on sites without low-band spectrum[89][90]
900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2600 MHz TD-LTE
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML
700/3500* MHz 5G NR
*test license only		 6.853 (Q2 2021)[91] WP/AP Telecom Holdings IV B.V.
(Warburg Pincus 50%, Apax Partners 50%) 		20416 and 20402
2 KPN
•Includes the previous Telfort network.		 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2600 MHz TD-LTE
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML
700/2100*/3500** MHz 5G NR
*indoor small cells only, using DSS
**test license only
450 MHz CDMA (Smart meters only)		 5.563 (Q3 2021)[92] Koninklijke KPN N.V. 20408
3 Vodafone
(Formerly Libertel)		 900/1800* MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
*Only active on sites without low-band spectrum.
700/800/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML
700/1800** MHz 5G NR
**using Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS)		 5.560 (Q4 2022)[37] VodafoneZiggo Group Holding B.V.
(Vodafone 50%, Liberty Global 50%) 		20404

North Macedonia[edit]

North Macedonia has 2.299 million subscribers in total, or a 105% penetration rate.[93]

The Regulatory Authority for telecommunication in North Macedonia is AEK.

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Telekom
(Formerly T-Mobile, MOBIMAK)		 GSM-900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A, VoLTE,
700/3600 MHz 5G NR		 1.211 (Q3 2021)[94] Magyar Telekom (59.21%) (Deutsche Telekom AG 60.49%) 29401
2 A1
(Formerly one.Vip, Cosmofon)		 GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A , VoLTE,
700/3600 MHz 5G NR		 1.084 (Q2 2021)[11] A1 Telekom Austria Group
(América Móvil (51%), ÖBAG (28.42%), free float (20.58%)) 		29403

Norway[edit]

Norway has 5.730 million subscribers in total, or a 108.97% penetration rate[24] (December 2016).

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Norway is the Norwegian Post and Telecommunications Authority.

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Telenor GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
(2G to be discontinued in 2025)[95]
3G discontinued in January 2021[95]
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
3500 MHz 5G NR		 2.675 (Q2 2023)[41] Telenor

Government of Norway (54%)

24201
2 Telia
(Formerly NetCom)
•Includes the previous Tele2 network.		 GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
3G discontinued in November 2021[96]
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
700/3500 MHz 5G NR		 2.407 (Q2 2023)[42] Telia Company 24202
3 Ice
(Formerly Ice.net) 		450/700/800/900/1800/2100 MHz LTE
(Roams on Telia's network where there is no coverage)
VoLTE, VoWiFi
700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR		 0.694 (Q4 2021)[97] Lyse AS[98] 24214, 24206

Poland[edit]

Poland has 54.1 million subscribers in total (Q4 2020).[99]

The country's telecom regulator is UKE (Urząd Komunikacji Elektronicznej).

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Orange
(Formerly Idea)		 GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)**
UMTS 900/2100 MHz (HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+)*
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2100 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi
* * available till 2025,
* available till 2030.		 17.640 (Q3 2023)[20] Orange S.A. (50.67%), free float (49.33%) 26003
2 Play E-GSM/GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
UMTS 900/2100 MHz (HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+)
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2100 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, ViLTE, VoWiFi (for supported iOS/Android devices)
(Roaming 2G/3G/LTE on Orange Poland* network)
* available till 2025, on some areas already inactive.		 16.794 (Q3 2022)[51] Iliad S.A. 26006
3 Plus
(Formerly Plus GSM)		 CDMA 420 MHz
GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
UMTS 900/2100 MHz (HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+)
900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2100/2600 MHz 5G NR TDD
VoLTE, VoWiFi		 13.341 (Q3 2022)[100] Cyfrowy Polsat S.A. 26001
4 T-Mobile
(Formerly Era)		 GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2100 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi		 12.545 (Q3 2023)[12] Deutsche Telekom AG 26002

Portugal[edit]

Portugal has 17.6 million subscribers in total, or a 170.5% penetration rate (13.1 million active subscribers or 127.4% penetration rate).[101] (Q3 2017)

The country's telecom regulator is ANACOM.

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 MEO
(Formerly TMN)		 GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
3600 MHz - 5G NR		 6.147 (Q3 2021)[102] Altice 26806
2 NOS
(Formerly Optimus)		 GSM-900/1800, (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE
700/3500 MHz - 5G NR		 5.209 (Q3 2021)[103] NOS 26803
3 Vodafone
(Formerly Telecel)		 GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE)
900 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2600 MHz TD-LTE
VoLTE
3500 MHz 5G NR		 4.712 (Q3 2023)[37] Vodafone Group plc 26801

Romania[edit]

Romania has 23.2 million active subscribers in total, or a 122% penetration rate. (2022)[104] The country's telcom regulator is ANCOM.

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Orange
(Formerly Dialog)		 GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR		 9.7 (Q3 2023)[20] Orange S.A. 22610
2 Vodafone
(Formerly Connex)		 GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
800/1800/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, ViLTE, VoWiFi
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR		 8.601 (Q2 2023)[37] Vodafone Group plc 22601
3 Digi GSM-900 (GPRS)
800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2600 MHz TD-LTE
VoLTE, VoWiFi
2100/2600 MHz 5G
3500 MHz 5G NR		 5.625 (Q3

2023)[105]

RCS&RDS 22605
4 Telekom
(Formerly Cosmorom, Cosmote) 		GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
800/900/1800/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE
2100 Mhz 5G 		3.9 (Q3 2023)[57] OTE (Deutsche Telekom AG 52.3%) 22603

Russia[edit]

The country's telecom regulator is Roskomnadzor.

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership Mobile country code
1 MTS GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
800/900/1800/2600 MHz LTE, VoLTE
1800/2100/2600/4700 MHz 5G NR		 80.0 (Q1 2022)[9] Sistema (42.08%), free float (41.11%)[106] 25001
2 MegaFon GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A		 74.2 (Q3 2021)[107] USM Holdings (50%), AF Telecom Holdings (50%)[108] 25002
3 Beeline GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A		 50.6 (Q3 2021)[109] Veon 25099
4 Tele2 Russia GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE
CDMA2000 1x, 450 MHz
450 MHz LTE (as Skylink)
CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev. A, 450 MHz
NMT - 450i, 450 MHz		 46.6 (Q3 2021)[110] Rostelecom 25020

San Marino[edit]

San Marino has 0.037 million subscribers in total, or a 116.95% penetration rate.[24] (December 2013)

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Telecom Italia San Marino GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 		Telecom Italia (0.0001%), Telecom Italia Sparkle (99.9999%) 22201
2 Telefonia Mobile Sammarinese GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
(Uses the TISM network) 		0.019[111] (February 2012) Telecom Italia San Marino (51%) 22201
3 Prima GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 		San Marino Telecom (100%) 29201

Serbia[edit]

Serbia has 9.1987 million subscribers based on the 3-month customer activity, or a 128.09% penetration rate.[112] (December 2013)

The Regulatory Authority for telecommunication in Serbia is RATEL (Regulatorna agencija za elektronske komunikacije i poštanske usluge).

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
( in % ) [113]		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 mts 900/1800 MHz - GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz - UMTS (HSDPA, DC-HSPA+)
800/1800/2100 MHz - LTE (LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, VoLTE)		 43% ( Jan 2023 ) Telekom Srbija 22003
2 Yettel 900/1800 MHz - GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz - UMTS (HSDPA, DC-HSPA+)
800/1800/2100 MHz - LTE, (LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, VoLTE, ViLTE)		 32% ( Jan 2023 ) PPF 22001
3 A1 900/1800 MHz - GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz - UMTS (HSDPA, DC-HSPA+)
800/1800/2100 MHz - LTE (LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, VoLTE)

(24% A1) + (1% Globaltel) [114] ( Jan 2023 )

A1 Telekom Austria Group 22005

Slovakia[edit]

Slovakia has 7.68 million subscribers in total, or a 132.79% penetration rate. All facts are based on the 3-month customer activity base.[115] (November 2019)

The Regulatory Authority for electronic communications "telecommunication" in Slovakia is Úrad pre reguláciu elektronických komunikácií a poštových služieb (RÚ).

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Orange
(Formerly Globtel, Slovtel)		 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, DC-HSPA+
(Shares 3G with Swan Mobile/4ka), (Due to shutdown prior 2024)
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
700/2100 MHz LTE (Temporary license before 5G rollout)
VoLTE, VoWiFi, RCS
700/2100/3600 MHz 5G NR 		2.403 (Q3 2023)[20] Orange S.A. 23101, 23105
2 O2
(Formerly Telefónica, O2 Telefónica)		 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
(Roaming on Telekom Slovakia (2G) when needed)
900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/2100 MHz LTE (Temporary license before 5G rollout)
VoLTE, VoWiFi, RCS
700/2100/3600 MHz 5G NR 		2.370 (Q3 2023)[25] PPF 23106
3 Telekom
(Formerly Eurotel, T-Mobile)		 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
2600 MHz TD-LTE
700/2100 MHz LTE (Temporary license before 5G rollout)
VoLTE, VoWiFi, RCS
700/2100/3600 MHz 5G NR 		2.200 (Q3 2023)[12] Deutsche Telekom AG 23102, 23104
4 4ka (SWAN) 1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
(Roaming on Orange Slovakia (2G, 3G) when out of native coverage) - also on 4G starting in 2024 (except 800MHz)
1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A Pro
VoLTE, ViLTE, VoWiFi, RCS
3600 MHz 5G NR 		0.603[116][117] (Q3 2022) SWAN 23103

Slovenia[edit]

Slovenia has 2,697,932 subscribers in total, or a 127% penetration rate.[118] (2Q 2023)

The Regulatory Authority for telecommunication in Slovenia is AKOS (Agencija za komunikacijska omrežja in storitve).

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Telekom Slovenije
(formerly Mobitel)		 GSM 900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
2600/3600 MHz - 5G NR		 0.962 (Q2 2023)
Including Izimobil, Spar Mobil, Mega M, Novatel MOBIL, SoftNet mobil		 Telekom Slovenije 29341
2 A1
(formerly Si.mobil)		 GSM 900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
800/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE
700/3500 MHz - 5G NR 		0.855 (Q2 2023)
Including bob, Hotmobil, re:do		 A1 Telekom Austria Group
(América Móvil (51%), ÖBAG (28.42%), free float (20.58%)) 		29340
3 Telemach
(formerly Tušmobil)		 GSM 900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz: UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ (Roams on Telekom Slovenije (2G) where there is no Telemach coverage)
700/800/1800/2100/2300 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE
700/3600 MHz - 5G NR		 0.688 (Q2 2023)[26] United Group 29370
4 T-2 2100 MHz: UMTS, HSPA (Roaming on Telekom Slovenije (2G/LTE) network when needed)
2100 MHz LTE
2300 MHz - 5G NR		 0.193 (Q2 2023)
 Gratel (87%) 29364

Spain[edit]

See also: List of telephone operating companies § Spain

Spain has 59.166 million subscribers in total, or a 123.10% penetration rate. (Sep 2023)[119]

The Regulatory Authority for telecommunication in Spain is CNMC (Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia).

Note: The number of subscribers of each operator includes the subscribers of the main brand and the rest of its brands and subsidiaries.

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Movistar 900/1800 MHz GSM, GPRS, EDGE
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/1800/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, ViLTE		 16.076[119] (Sep 2023) Telefónica 21407
2 Vodafone
(Formerly Airtel)		 900/1800 MHz GSM, GPRS, EDGE
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi		 13.017[119] (Sep 2023) Vodafone Group plc 21401
3 Orange
(Formerly Amena)		 900/1800 MHz GSM, GPRS, EDGE
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi		 12.985[119] (Sep 2023) Orange 21403
4 Yoigo 1800 MHz GSM, GPRS, EDGE
2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A (Roams on Orange and Movistar where there is no Yoigo coverage)
3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE 		12.360[119] (Sep 2023) Grupo MÁSMÓVIL 21404

Sweden[edit]

Sweden has 14.244 million subscribers in total, or a 148.4% penetration rate[24] (2013)

The country's telcom regulator is Swedish Post and Telecom Authority.

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Telia GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A

700/3500 MHz 5G NR

8.374 (Q2 2023)[42] Telia Company 24001
2 Telenor
(Formerly Vodafone)		 GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
800/900/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
3500 5G NR 		2.932 (Q2 2023)[41] Telenor 24008
3 Tele2
GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
800/900/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A,

3500 5G NR

 2.871 (Q2 2023)[45] Tele2 24007
4 Tre 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
800/2100/2600 MHz FD-LTE, 2600 MHz TD-LTE, LTE-A

2100/2600/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi

2.378 (Q3 2022)[13] CK Hutchison Holdings (60%), Investor AB (40%) 24002

Switzerland[edit]

Switzerland has 11.365 million mobile subscribers and a 138% penetration rate.[120][120] (December 2014)
The country's telecom regulator is BAKOM.

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Swisscom 900 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
700/800/900/1500 (FDD SDL)/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR		 6.378[68] Partially State-owned (51%), free float (49%) 22801
2 Sunrise
(Formerly diAx)		 GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE
900/3500 MHz 5G NR		 2.590 (Q3 2021)[121] Liberty Global 22802
3 Salt
(formerly Orange CH)		 GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
3500 MHz 5G NR		 2.141[122] (Q3 2014) NJJ Capital[123] 22803

Turkey[edit]

Further information: List of Turkey mobile virtual network operators

Turkey has 91.3 million subscribers in total, or a 107.1% penetration rate.[124] (Q2 2023)

The telecom regulator in Turkey is Information and Communication Technologies Authority (BTK : Bilgi Teknolojileri ve İletişim Kurumu).

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership
1 Turkcell GSM 900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+, 3C-HSDPA
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
VoLTE, VoWiFi
5G (testing)		 37.64 (Q2 2023)[124] Turkey Wealth Fund (26.2%), LetterOne (19.8%), free float (54%)
2 Vodafone Turkiye
(Formerly Telsim)		 GSM 900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
VoLTE, VoWiFi
5G (testing)		 28.11 (Q2 2023)[124] Vodafone Group plc
3 Türk Telekom
(Formerly Avea, Aria, Aycell)		 GSM 900 (only in rural areas)/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
VoLTE, VoWiFi
5G (testing)		 25.61 (Q2 2023)[124] Türk Telekom

Ukraine[edit]

Ukraine has 55.860 million subscribers in total, or a 129.8% penetration rate.[125] (October, 2018)

The country's telecom regulator is NKRZI.

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Kyivstar*

(Including previous Beeline Ukraine network)

900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
900/1800/2100/2300/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE 		24.3 (Q1 2023) Veon 25503
2 Vodafone*
(Formerly MTS Ukraine)		 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A		 15.2 (Q3 2023) Bakcell 25501
3 lifecell*
(Formerly life:) )		 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+, 3C-HSDPA
900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro

VoLTE, VoWi-Fi

11.4 (Q3 2023) Turkcell 25506
4 Intertelecom 800 MHz CDMA2000, CDMA2000 EV-DO rel.0, rev. A

(Network in Odesa region only)

0.885 (Q4 2021) Odinaco Ltd (49%), Viktor Gushan (35.7%) 25504
5 TriMob* 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA

(Own 3G network in Kyiv city centre only. Free 2G/3G roaming on Vodafone network available)

0.078 (Q4 2021) as TriMob

0.054 (Q4 2021) as Lycamobile

Ukrtelecom 25507
6 PEOPLEnet 800 MHz CDMA2000, CDMA2000 EV-DO
(Network in Dnipropetrovsk region only)		 0.036 (Q4 2021) Telesystemy Ukrainy 25521

*Due to the Russian-Ukrainian war the national roaming among other operators is free and it includes: voice calls, SMS and mobile 2G / 3G Internet at speeds up to 512 kbit/s.[126]

United Kingdom[edit]

Further information: List of United Kingdom mobile virtual network operators

The United Kingdom has 92.0 million subscribers in total, or an approximate 139% penetration rate (31 December 2017).[127]

The country's telecom regulator is Ofcom.

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers
(in millions)		 Ownership MCC / MNC
1 O2 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
700/800/900/1800/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2300/2600 MHz TD-LTE
700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML, RCS 		24.1 (Q3 2023)[128]

(Includes Virgin Mobile and Giffgaff)

Virgin Media O2

(50% Telefonica, 50% Liberty Global)

23410
2 EE
 1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/1800/2100/2600/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML, RCS 		21.2 (Q3 2023)[129]

(Includes BT Mobile and Plusnet Mobile)

BT Group 23430 and 23433
3 Vodafone 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2600 MHz TD-LTE
900/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML, RCS
 18.0 (Q2 2023)[37]

(Includes VOXI)

Vodafone Group plc 23415
4 Three 2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
700/800/1500/1800/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML
 10.6 (Q2 2023)[13]

(Includes SMARTY)

CK Hutchison Holdings 23420

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