From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
List of skeletal muscles of the human anatomy.
This is a table of skeletal muscles of the human anatomy .
There are around 650 skeletal muscles within the typical human body.[1] [2] [3] (Although none of the sources listed here enumerate them all, the consensus converges towards this number) Almost every muscle constitutes one part of a pair of identical bilateral muscles, found on both sides, resulting in approximately 320 pairs of muscles, as presented in this article. Nevertheless, the exact number is difficult to define. Different sources group muscles differently, regarding what is defined as different parts of a single muscle or as several muscles. There are also vestigial muscles that are present in some people but absent in others, such as palmaris longus muscle .[4] [5]
The muscles of the human body can be categorized into a number of groups which include muscles relating to the head and neck, muscles of the torso or trunk, muscles of the upper limbs, and muscles of the lower limbs.
The action refers to the action of each muscle from the standard anatomical position . In other positions, other actions may be performed.
These muscles are described using anatomical terminology . The term "muscle" is omitted from muscle names (except when a muscle is an origin or insertion), and the term "bone" is omitted from bone names. The terms "artery" and "nerve" are both used when these structures are mentioned.
Forehead/eyelid [ edit ]
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Artery
Nerve
Action
Antagonist
Number of occurrences in a standard human body
wiki nr.
levator palpebrae superioris
sphenoid bone
tarsal plate , upper eyelid
ophthalmic artery
oculomotor nerve [CNIII]
retracts and elevates eyelid
orbicularis oculi
2
7
superior tarsal /Muller's Muscle
underside of levator palpebrae superioris
superior tarsal plate of eyelid
sympathetic nervous system
raises upper eyelid
2
8
Rectus muscles
superior
annulus of Zinn at orbital apex
7.5 mm superior to corneal limbus
ophthalmic artery
superior branch of oculomotor nerve [CNIII]
elevates , adducts , and medially rotates eye
2
9
inferior
6.5 mm inferior to corneal limbus
inferior branch of oculomotor nerve [CNIII]
depresses and adducts eye
2
10
medial
5.5 mm medial to corneal limbus
inferior branch of oculomotor nerve [CNIII]
adducts eye
2
11
lateral
7 mm temporal to corneal limbus
abducens nerve [CNVI]
abducts eye
2
12
Oblique muscles
superior
annulus of Zinn at orbital apex, medial to optic canal
outer posterior quadrant of eyeball
lateral muscular branch of ophthalmic artery
trochlear nerve [CNIV]
intorts , abducts , and depress eye
2
13
inferior
orbital surface of maxilla , lateral to lacrimal groove
laterally onto eyeball , deep to lateral rectus , by a short flat tendon
oculomotor nerve [CNIII]
extorts , elevates , and abducts eye
2
14
Mastication [ edit ]
Extrinsic [ edit ]
Intrinsic [ edit ]
Soft palate [ edit ]
Pharynx [ edit ]
Clavicular [ edit ]
Suprahyoid [ edit ]
Infrahyoid [ edit ]
Anterior [ edit ]
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Artery
Nerve
Action
Antagonist
Number of occurrences in a standard human body
wiki nr.
longus colli
transverse processes of vertebrae C3 , C4 , C5 , and C6
anterior arch of atlas
ascending pharyngeal artery , vertebral artery
C2 , C3 , C4 , C5 , C6
flexes neck and head
???
74
longus capitis
anterior tubercles of transverse processes of vertebrae C3 , C4 , C5 , and C6
basilar part of occipital bone
C1 , C2 , C3 /C4
flexes neck at atlanto-occipital joint
???
75
rectus capitis anterior
atlas
occipital bone
C1
???
76
rectus capitis lateralis
upper surface of transverse process of atlas
under surface of jugular process of occipital bone
sidebens at atlanto-occipital joint
???
77
Lateral [ edit ]
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Artery
Nerve
Action
Antagonist
Number of occurrences in a standard human body
wiki nr.
scalene
cervical vertebrae
first and second ribs
ascending cervical artery from inferior thyroid artery
cervical nerves (C3 , C4 , C5 , C6 , C7 )
elevates first rib and second rib
???
78
anterior
C3 -C6
first rib
ventral ramus of C5 , C6
when neck is fixed, elevates first rib to aid in breathing ; when rib is fixed, bends neck forward and sideways and rotates it to opposite side
???
79
medius
C2 -C6
ventral rami of third to eighth cervical spinal nerves
elevates first rib , rotates neck to opposite side
???
80
posterior
transverse processes of C4 – C6
second rib
ascending cervical artery , superficial cervical artery
C6 , C7 , C8
elevates second rib , tilts neck to same side
???
81
levator scapulae
posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 – C4
superior part of medial border of scapula
dorsal scapular artery
cervical nerve (C3, C4) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
elevates scapula , tilts glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
serratus anterior
???
82
rectus capitis lateralis
upper surface of transverse process of atlas (C1)
under surface of jugular process of occipital bone
C1
laterally flexes neck , stabilises atlanto-occipital joint
???
83
obliquus capitis superior
lateral mass of atlas
lateral half of inferior nuchal line
suboccipital nerve
flexes head to same side
???
84
obliquus capitis inferior
spinous process of axis
lateral mass of atlas
rotates neck
???
85
Posterior [ edit ]
Abdomen [ edit ]
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Artery
Nerve
Action
Antagonist
Number of occurrences in a standard human body
Wiki nr.
rectus abdominis
pubic symphysis , pubic crest
xiphoid process , costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
inferior epigastric artery , superior epigastric artery ; contributions from posterior intercostal arteries , subcostal arteries , and deep circumflex arteries
intercostal nerves , subcostal nerve
flexes trunk, compresses abdominal organs , aids in expiration
erector spinae
???
93
external oblique
external surfaces of ribs 5-12
linea alba , pubic tubercle , anterior half of iliac crest
lower posterior intercostal arteries , subcostal artery , deep circumflex iliac artery
motor : intercostal nerves (T7-T11), subcostal nerve sensory : iliohypogastric nerve
bilateral : flexes trunk, expiration , compresses abdominal organs
unilateral : flexes trunk to same side, rotates trunk to opposite side
???
94
internal oblique
anterior two-thirds of iliac crest , iliopectineal arch , thoracolumbar fascia
inferior borders of ribs 10–12, pubic crest
lower posterior intercostal arteries , subcostal artery , superior epigastric artery , inferior epigastric artery , superficial circumflex iliac artery , deep circumflex iliac artery , posterior lumbar arteries
intercostal nerves (T7-T11), subcostal nerve , iliohypogastric nerve , ilioinguinal nerve
bilateral : flexes trunk, expiration , compresses abdominal organs
unilateral : flexes trunk to same side, rotates trunk to opposite side
???
95
transversus abdominis
internal surface of costal cartilage of ribs 7–12, thoracolumbar fascia , anterior two-thirds of iliac crest , iliopectineal arch
linea alba , aponeurosis of internal oblique muscle , pubic crest
lower posterior intercostal arteries , subcostal artery , superior epigastric artery , inferior epigastric artery , superficial circumflex iliac artery , deep circumflex iliac artery , posterior lumbar arteries
intercostal nerves T7-T11, subcostal nerve , iliohypogastric nerve , ilioinguinal nerve
bilateral : compresses abdominal organs , expiration
unilateral : rotates trunk to same side
???
96
pyramidalis
pubic symphysis , pubic crest
linea alba
inferior epigastric artery
subcostal nerve
tenses linea alba
???
97
quadratus lumborum
iliac crest , iliolumbar ligament
inferior border of rib 12, transverse processes of L1 -L4
lumbar , median sacral , iliolumbar , subcostal arteries
subcostal nerve , anterior rami of spinal nerves L1-L4
bilateral : fixes rib 12 during inspiration , extends trunk
unilateral : flexes trunk to same side
???
98
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Artery
Nerve
Action
Antagonist
Number of occurrences in a standard human body
wiki nr.
erector spinae
spinous processes of last four thoracic vertebrae
both spines of most cranial thoracic vertebrae and cervical vertebrae
lateral sacral artery
posterior branch of spinal nerve
bilateral : extends vertebral column
unilateral : laterally flexes vertebral column to same side
rectus abdominis
???
99
iliocostalis
sacrum , iliac crest , thoracolumbar fascia , spinous processes
ribs
???
100
longissimus
transverse process
transverse process
???
101
spinalis
spinous process
spinous process
???
102
latissimus dorsi
spinous processes of thoracic T6 -T12 , thoracolumbar fascia , iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs
floor of intertubercular groove of humerus
subscapular artery , dorsal scapular artery
thoracodorsal nerve
pulls forelimb dorsally and caudally
deltoid , trapezius
???
103
transversospinales
transverse process
spinous process
posterior branches of spinal nerve
bilateral : extends vertebral column
unilateral : rotates vertebral column
???
104
semispinalis thoracis (dorsi)
transverse processes of sixth to tenth thoracic vertebrae
spinous processes of upper four thoracic vertebrae and lower two cervical vertebrae
???
105
semispinalis cervicis (colli)
transverse processes of upper five or six thoracic vertebrae
cervical spinous processes , from axis to fifth
???
106
semispinalis capitis (complexus)
transversal process of lower cervical and higher thoracal columna
area between superior nuchal line and inferior nuchal line
greater occipital nerve
extends head
???
107
multifidus
sacrum , erector spinae aponeurosis , PSIS , and iliac crest
spinous process
posterior branch of spinal nerve
stabilizes vertebrae in local movements of vertebral column
???
108
rotatores
transverse process
posterior branch
???
109
interspinales
spinous process
posterior rami of spinal nerves
extends , flexes , and rotates vertebral column
???
110
intertransversarii
transverse process
transverse process above
laterally flexes trunk
???
111
splenius
capitis
nuchal ligament , spinous process of C7 -T6
mastoid process of temporal bone , occipital bone
C3 , C4
extends, rotates, and laterally flexes head
???
112
cervicis
spinous processes of T3 -T6
transverse processes of C1 , C2 , C3
C5 , C6
???
113
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Artery
Nerve
Action
Antagonist
wiki nr.
intercostals
ribs 1–11
ribs 2–12
intercostal arteries
intercostal nerves
114
external
inferior border of rib (above)
superior border of rib (below)
inhalation
internal
115
internal
holds ribs steady
external
116
innermost
elevates ribs , expiration
117
subcostales
inner surface of one rib
inner surface of second or third rib above, near its angle
118
transversus thoracis
costal cartilages of last 3–4 ribs, body of sternum, xiphoid process
ribs /costal cartilages 2–6
depresses ribs
119
levatores costarum
transverse processes of C7 to T12 vertebrae
superior surfaces of ribs immediately inferior to preceding vertebrae
dorsal rami – C8 , T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 , T5 , T6 , T7 , T8 , T9 , T10 , T11
assists in elevation of thoracic rib cage
120
Serratus posterior muscles
inferior
vertebrae T11 – L3
inferior borders of 9th through 12th ribs
intercostal arteries
intercostal nerves
depresses lower ribs , aiding in expiration
121
superior
nuchal ligament (or ligamentum nuchae) and spinous processes of vertebrae C7 through T3
upper borders of 2nd through 5th ribs
2nd through 5th intercostal nerves
elevates ribs , aiding in inspiration
122
diaphragm
septum transversum , pleuroperitoneal folds, inner abdominal wall
pericardiacophrenic artery , musculophrenic artery , inferior phrenic arteries
phrenic and lower intercostal nerves
breathing
123
Perineum [ edit ]
Upper limb [ edit ]
Vertebral column [ edit ]
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Artery
Nerve
Action
Antagonist
wiki nr.
trapezius
down midline, external occipital protuberance , nuchal ligament , medial part of superior nuchal line , spinous processes of vertebrae C7 -T12
at shoulders , lateral third of clavicle , acromion of scapula , spine of scapula
transverse cervical artery
motor : accessory nerve [CNXI]
sensory : cervical nerves C3 and C4
retracts and elevates scapula
serratus anterior
136
latissimus dorsi
spinous processes of thoracic T6 -T12 , thoracolumbar fascia , iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs
floor of intertubercular groove of humerus
subscapular artery , dorsal scapular artery
thoracodorsal nerve
pulls forelimb dorsally and caudally
deltoid , trapezius
137
rhomboids
nuchal ligaments , spinous processes of C7 -T5 vertebrae
medial border of scapula
dorsal scapular artery
dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5 )
retracts scapula and rotates it to depress glenoid cavity , fixes scapula to thoracic wall
serratus anterior
138
rhomboid major
spinous processes of T2 to T5 vertebrae
medial border of scapula , inferior to insertion of rhomboid minor
139
rhomboid minor
nuchal ligaments and spinous processes of C7- to T1 vertebrae
medial border of scapula , superior to insertion of rhomboid major
140
levator scapulae
posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 – C4 vertebrae
superior part of medial border of scapula
cervical nerve (C3 , C4 ) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5 )
elevates scapula , tilts glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
141
Thoracic walls [ edit ]
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Artery
Nerve
Action
Antagonist
Wiki nr.
pectoralis major
clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle sternocostal head : anterior surface of sternum , superior six costal cartilages
intertubercular groove of humerus
pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery
lateral pectoral nerve , medial pectoral nerve clavicular head : C5 and C6 sternocostal head : C7 , C8 and T1
adducts and medially rotates humerus , draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly clavicular head : flexes humerus sternocostal head : extends humerus
142
pectoralis minor
3rd to 5th ribs , near their costal cartilages
medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula
medial pectoral nerve (C8 , T1 )
stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall
143
subclavius
first rib
subclavian groove of clavicle
thoracoacromial artery , clavicular branch
subclavian nerve
depresses clavicle
144
serratus anterior
fleshy slips from outer surface of upper 8 or 9 ribs
costal surface of medial margin of scapula
upper part : lateral thoracic artery
lower part: thoracodorsal artery
long thoracic nerve (from roots of brachial plexus C5 , C6 , C7 )
protracts and stabilises scapula , assists in upward rotation
rhomboid major , rhomboid minor , trapezius
145
Shoulder [ edit ]
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Artery
Nerve
Action
Antagonist
Wiki nr
deltoid
clavicle , acromion , spine of scapula
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
primarily posterior circumflex humeral artery
axillary nerve
abducts , flexes , and extends shoulder
latissimus dorsi
146
teres major
posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
subscapular artery , circumflex scapular artery
lower subscapular nerve (segmental levels C5 and C6 )
internally rotates humerus
147
Rotator cuff
supraspinatus
supraspinous fossa of scapula
superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
suprascapular artery
suprascapular nerve
abducts and stabilises humerus
infraspinatus , teres minor , pectoralis major , latissimus dorsi
148
infraspinatus
infraspinous fossa of scapula
middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
suprascapular artery , circumflex scapular artery
laterally rotates , adducts , and stabilises humerus
subscapularis , pectoralis major , latissimus dorsi
149
teres minor
lateral border of scapula
inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
posterior circumflex humeral artery , circumflex scapular artery
axillary nerve
laterally rotates and adducts humerus
subscapularis , pectoralis major , latissimus dorsi
150
subscapularis
subscapular fossa of scapula
lesser tubercle of humerus
subscapular artery
upper subscapular nerve , lower subscapular nerve (C5 , C6 )
medially rotates humerus , stabilizes shoulder
infraspinatus , teres minor
151
Anterior compartment [ edit ]
Posterior compartment [ edit ]
Forearm [ edit ]
Anterior compartment [ edit ]
Superficial [ edit ]
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Artery
Nerve
Action
Antagonist
wiki nr.
pronator teres
humeral head : medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon ) ulnar head : coronoid process of ulna
pronator tuberosity of radius
ulnar artery , radial artery
median nerve
pronates forearm , flexes elbow
supinator
157
flexor carpi radialis
medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon )
bases of second metacarpal , base of third metacarpal
radial artery
flexes and abducts wrist
extensor carpi radialis brevis , extensor carpi radialis longus
158
palmaris longus
palmar aponeurosis
ulnar artery
flexes wrist
extensor carpi radialis brevis , extensor carpi radialis longus , extensor carpi ulnaris
159
flexor carpi ulnaris
pisiform , hook of hamate , base of fifth metacarpal
muscular branches of ulnar nerve
flexes and adducts wrist
extensor carpi ulnaris
160
flexor digitorum superficialis
medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon ), parts of radius and ulna
bases of middle phalanges 2, 3, 4, and 5
median nerve
flexes fingers (primarily at proximal interphalangeal joints )
extensor digitorum
161
Posterior compartment [ edit ]
Superficial [ edit ]
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Artery
Nerve
Action
Antagonist
wiki nr.
supinator
lateral epicondyle of humerus , supinator crest of ulna , radial collateral ligament , annular ligament
lateral proximal shaft of radius
radial recurrent artery
posterior interosseus nerve (C7 , C8 )
supinates forearm
pronator teres , pronator quadratus
171
extensor indicis
ulna
index finger (extensor hood )
extends index finger , wrist
172
Anatomical snuff box
abductor pollicis longus
ulna
first metacarpal
posterior interosseous artery
posterior interosseous nerve (C7 , C8 )
abducts and extends thumb
adductor pollicis
173
extensor pollicis brevis
radius , interosseous membrane of forearm
proximal phalanx of thumb
extends thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint
flexor pollicis longus , flexor pollicis brevis
174
extensor pollicis longus
ulna , interosseous membrane of forearm
distal phalanx of thumb
extends thumb (metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal )
175
Lateral volar [ edit ]
Medial volar [ edit ]
Intermediate [ edit ]
Lower limb [ edit ]
Iliac region [ edit ]
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Artery
Nerve
Action
Antagonist
wiki nr.
iliopsoas
iliac fossa (iliacus ), sacrum (iliacus), spine (T12 , L1 , lumbar vertebra , psoas major , psoas minor )[6]
lesser trochanter of femur (psoas major ), shaft below lesser trochanter (iliacus ), tendon of psoas major & femur (iliacus)[6]
medial femoral circumflex artery , iliolumbar artery
femoral nerve , lumbar nerves L1 , L2
flexes hip (psoas major/minor, iliacus), spine rotation (psoas major/minor)
gluteus maximus , posterior compartment of thigh
187
psoas major
transverse processes , bodies and intervertebral discs of T12 -L5 vertebrae
lesser trochanter of femur
iliolumbar artery
lumbar plexus via anterior branches of L1 , L2 , L3 [7]
flexes and rotates laterally thigh
gluteus maximus
188
psoas minor
side of T11 +L1 and IV intervertebral disc
Pectineal line and iliopectineal eminence
iliolumbar artery , lumbar arteries
L1
weakly flexes trunk flexor
189
iliacus
iliac fossa
lesser trochanter of femur
medial femoral circumflex artery , Iliolumbar artery
femoral nerve (L2 , L3 [7] )
flexes hip [8]
190
Gluteal [ edit ]
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Artery
Nerve
Action
Antagonist
Wiki nr.
tensor fasciae latae
iliac crest
iliotibial tract
primarily lateral circumflex femoral artery , superior gluteal artery
superior gluteal nerve (L4 , L5 )
flexes thigh , medially rotates thigh , stabilises torso
191
gluteal
gluteus maximus
gluteal surface of ilium , lumbar fascia , sacrum , sacrotuberous ligament
gluteal tuberosity of femur , iliotibial tract
superior gluteal artery , inferior gluteal artery
inferior gluteal nerve (L5 , S1 , S2 nerve roots)
externally rotates and extends hip joint , supports extended knee through iliotibial tract , chief antigravity muscle in sitting
Iliacus , psoas major , psoas minor
192
gluteus medius
gluteal surface of ilium , under gluteus maximus
greater trochanter of femur
superior gluteal artery
superior gluteal nerve (L4 , L5 , S1 nerve roots)
abduction of hip ; preventing adduction of hip Medial rotation of thigh
lateral rotator group
193
gluteus minimus
gluteal surface of ilium , under gluteus medius
194
lateral rotator group
at or below acetabulum of ilium
on or near greater trochanter of femur
inferior gluteal artery , lateral sacral artery , superior gluteal artery
obturator nerve , piriformis nerve , nerve to quadratus femoris
laterally rotates hip
gluteus minimus , gluteus medius
195
piriformis
sacrum
greater trochanter
piriformis nerve (S1 and S2 nerve roots)[9]
laterally rotates (outward) thigh
196
obturator externus
obturator foramen and obturatory membrane
medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
obturator artery
posterior branch of obturator nerve (L3 , L4 )
adduct thigh , rotate laterally thigh
197
superior gemellus
ischial spine
nerve to obturator internus (L5 , S1 , S2 )
198
obturator internus
ischiopubic ramus , obturator membrane
medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
abducts & rotates laterally thigh , stabilises hip during walking
199
inferior gemellus
ischial tuberosity
obturator internus tendon
nerve to quadratus femoris (L4 , L5 , S1 )
laterally rotates thigh
200
quadratus femoris
intertrochanteric crest
inferior gluteal artery
201
Anterior compartment [ edit ]
Posterior compartment/hamstring [ edit ]
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Artery
Nerve
Action
Antagonist
wiki nr.
hamstring
quadriceps femoris
209
biceps femoris
long head : ischial tuberosity
short head : linea aspera of femur [10]
head of fibula [10] articulating with back of lateral tibial condyle
inferior gluteal artery , perforating arteries , popliteal artery
long head : medial (tibial) part of sciatic nerve
short head : lateral (common fibular) part of sciatic nerve [10]
flexes knee joint , laterally rotates leg at knee (when knee is flexed), extends hip joint (long head only)[10]
210
semitendinosus
ischial tuberosity [10]
pes anserinus
inferior gluteal artery , perforating arteries
sciatic nerve [10] (tibial , L5 , S1 , S2 )
flexes knee , extends hip , medially rotates leg at knee [10]
211
semimembranosus
medial surface of tibia [10]
profunda femoris , gluteal artery
sciatic nerve [10]
212
Medial compartment [ edit ]
Anterior compartment [ edit ]
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Artery
Nerve
Action
Antagonist
wiki nr.
tibialis anterior
body of tibia
medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of foot
anterior tibial artery
deep fibular nerve
dorsiflexes and inverts foot
fibularis longus , gastrocnemius , soleus , plantaris , tibialis posterior
219
extensor hallucis longus
middle portion of anterior surface of fibula , anterior surface of interosseous membrane
dorsal side of base of distal phalanx of hallux
extends big toe , assists in dorsiflexion of foot at ankle , weakly inverts foot
flexor hallucis longus , flexor hallucis brevis
220
extensor digitorum longus
lateral condyle of tibia , superior ¾ of interosseous membrane
middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits
extension of toes and ankle
flexor digitorum longus , flexor digitorum brevis
221
fibularis tertius
distal anterior surface of fibula
dorsal surface of fifth metatarsal
dorsi flexes and everts foot
222
Posterior compartment [ edit ]
Superficial [ edit ]
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Artery
Nerve
Action
Antagonist
Wiki nr.
triceps surae
achilles tendon , calcaneus
posterior tibial artery
tibial nerve
plantarflexes ankle
223
gastrocnemius
medial condyle and lateral condyle of femur
calcaneus
sural arteries
tibial nerve from sciatic nerve , specifically, nerve roots S1 , S2
plantarflexes ankle , flexes knee (minor)
tibialis anterior
224
soleus
fibula , medial border of tibia (soleal line )
tendo calcaneus
tibial nerve , specifically, nerve roots L5 –S2
plantarflexes ankle
225
plantaris
lateral supracondylar ridge of femur above lateral head of gastrocnemius
calcaneal tendon (medial side, deep to gastrocnemius tendon)
tibial nerve
plantarflexes ankle , flexes knee
226
Lateral compartment [ edit ]
Plantar [ edit ]
First layer [ edit ]
Second layer [ edit ]
Third layer [ edit ]
Fourth layer [ edit ]
Innervation overview [ edit ]
Mind Map showing a summary of Upper Limb Muscle Innervation
See also [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
^ Science Reference Section (19 November 2019). "What is the strongest muscle in the human body?" . Library of Congress . Library of Congress . Retrieved 2021-05-01 . {{cite web }}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link )
^ Brooks, Susan V. (2003-12-01). "Current topics for teaching skeletal muscle physiology". Advances in Physiology Education . 27 (1–4): 171–182. doi :10.1152/advan.00025.2003 . ISSN 1043-4046 . PMID 14627615 . S2CID 14267377 .
^ John., Stewart, Gregory (2009). "Chapter 8: Skeletal muscles" . The skeletal and muscular systems . New York: Chelsea House. ISBN 9781604133653 . OCLC 277118444 .
^ de las Peñas, César Fernández; Ge, Hong-You; Arendt-Nielsen, Lars; Dommerholt, Jan; Simons, David G. (2011). "Chapter 32 - Referred pain from muscle/myofascial trigger points" . Neck and Arm Pain Syndromes . Churchill Livingstone . pp. 404–418. doi :10.1016/B978-0-7020-3528-9.00032-7 . ISBN 978-0-7020-3528-9 .
^ Sarnat, Harvey B.; Carpenter, Stirling (2015). "Chapter 4 - Muscle Biopsy for Diagnosis of Neuromuscular and Metabolic Diseases" . Neuromuscular Disorders of Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence (2nd ed.). Academic Press . pp. 46–65. ISBN 978-0-12-417044-5 .
^ a b "Iliopsoas" . exrx.net .
^ a b Essential Clinical Anatomy. K.L. Moore & A.M. Agur. Lippincott, 2 ed. 2002. Page 193
^ Gosling, J. A., Harris, P. F., Humpherson, J. R., Whitmore I., & Willan P. L. T. 2008. Human Anatomy Color Atlas and Text Book. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier. page 200
^ Essential Clinical Anatomy. K.L. Moore & A.M. Agur. Lippincott, 2 ed. 2002. Page 217
^ a b c d e f g h i Gosling 2008, p. 273
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Gosling et al. 2008, p. 266
^ MedicalMnemonics .com : 255 [dead link ]
General references [ edit ]
Gosling, J.A.; Harris, P.F.; Humpherson, J.R.; Whitmore, I.; Willan, P.L.T. (2008). Human Anatomy: Color Atlas and Textbook . phot. by A.L. Bentley (5th ed.). Philadelphia: Mosby. ISBN 978-0-7234-3451-1 .
External links [ edit ]