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List of peasant revolts

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This is a chronological list of conflicts in which peasants played a significant role.

Background

History of peasant wars spans over a period of over two thousand years. A variety of reasons fueled the emergence of the peasant revolt phenomenon, including:[1]

Later peasant revolts such as the Telangana Rebellion were also influenced by agrarian socialist ideologies.[2]

The majority of peasant rebellions ended prematurely and were unsuccessful. Peasants suffered from limited funding and lacked the training and organisational capabilities of professional armies.[3]

Chronological list

The list gives the name, the date, the peasant allies and enemies, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:

  Peasant victory
  Peasant defeat
  Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result unknown or indecisive)
  Ongoing conflict
Date Conflict State Peasants Result Image References
209-206 BC Anti-Qin revolts (including Dazexiang Uprising) Qin dynasty Peasants under several rebel leaders, including Chen Sheng, Wu Guang, Xiang Yu, and Liu Bang Qin dissolution [4]
205–186 BC Great revolt of the Egyptians Ptolemaic Kingdom Native Egyptian peasants and soldiers under secessionist Pharaohs Hugronaphor and Ankhmakis Suppression of the rebellion [5]
17-25 Lülin Xin dynasty Lülin rebels Collapse of Xin dynasty; ascendancy of rebel leader Liu Xiu after infighting among Lülin forces
17-27 Red Eyebrows Xin dynasty Red Eyebrows rebels Goal of the rebellion partially achieved, but eventual defeat of the movement by Liu Xiu
172-173 Bucolic War Roman Empire Egyptian peasants under Isidorus Suppression of the rebellion [6]
184–205 Yellow Turban Rebellion Han dynasty Yellow Turban rebels Suppression of the rebellion, though Han dynasty is severely weakened [7]
185–205 Heishan bandit movement Han dynasty Bandit confederacy of the Taihang Mountains
Gongsun Zan's forces 		Suppression of the rebellion, though Han dynasty is severely weakened
3rd – 5th century Bagaudae Roman Empire Bagaudae
Suebi 		Gain control of some territory; end with the general collpase of the Roman Empire
4th – late 5th century Circumcellions Roman Empire (until 435)
Catholic Church (until 435)
Vandal Kingdom (since 435)
African landlords 		Berber and Roman peasants
Donatist authorities
Rebellious Roman military under Gildo (in 398) 		End of Roman Catholic rule in Africa, but suppression of the rebellion by Vandals and Arian authorities [8]
611-619 Anti-Sui rebellions Sui dynasty Peasants under several rebel leaders
Defected military forces under several rebel generals, officials and nobles 		Collapse of Sui dynasty; ascendancy of rebel leader Li Yuan after infighting among rebel forces
841–843 Stellinga Uprising Saxon nobility
Frankish military under Louis the German 		Stellinga Suppression of the rebellion
859–860 Rebellion of Ch'iu Fu Tang dynasty Chinese peasants and bandits under Ch'iu Fu Suppression of the rebellion, though Tang dynasty is severely weakened [9]
874–878 Rebellion of Wang Xianzhi Tang dynasty Chinese peasants and bandits under Wang Xianzhi and Shang Junzhang Suppression of the rebellion, though Tang dynasty is severely weakened [10]
875–884 Rebellion of Huang Chao Tang dynasty Chinese peasants and bandits under Huang Chao Suppression of the rebellion, though Tang dynasty is severely weakened [11]
928–932 Basil the Copper Hand Rebellions Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire Peasants under Basil the Copper Hand Suppression of the rebellion [12]
993-995 Da Shu rebellion in Sichuan Song dynasty Peasants under Wang Xiaobo and Li Shun Suppression of the rebellion [13]
1277–1280 Uprising of Ivaylo Bulgarian nobility
Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire
Golden Horde 		Peasants under Ivaylo Murder of Ivaylo [14]
1323–1328 Peasant revolt in Flanders Kingdom of France Flemish peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1343–1346 St. George's Night Uprising Teutonic Order
Denmark Kingdom of Denmark 		Estonian peasants Suppression of the rebellion [15]
1351-1368 Red Turban Rebellion Yuan dynasty
Goryeo 		Red Turban Armies of White Lotus members, Manichaeans and Chinese peasants Fall of Yuan dynasty and retreat of the Mongols into Mongolia as the Northern Yuan dynasty; ascendancy of rebel leader Zhu Yuanzhang after infighting among rebel forces
1358 Jacquerie Kingdom of France French peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1381 Peasants' Revolt Kingdom of England English peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1382 Harelle Kingdom of France French peasants Suppression of the rebellion [16]
1401–1404, 1409 Samogitian uprisings Teutonic Order
Švitrigaila's followers 		Samogitian peasants
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Kingdom of Poland 		Goal of the rebellion largely achieved, though disputes over Samogitia continue until 1422
1428 Shocho uprising Muromachi Shogunate Japanese peasants Peasant debts cancelled.
1437 Budai Nagy Antal Revolt Kingdom of Hungary Transylvanian peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1441 Funen and Jutland Peasant rebellions Denmark Kingdom of Denmark Danish peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1450 Jack Cade Revolt Kingdom of England English peasants Suppression of the rebellion [17]
1450–1451 John and William Merfold's Uprising Kingdom of England English peasants Suppression of the rebellion [18]
1453–1454 Morea revolt of 1453–54 Byzantine Empire Despotate of the Morea
Ottoman Empire 		Greek peasants under Manuel Kantakouzenos
Albanians under Peter Bua
Latin loyalists under John Asen Zaccaria 		Suppression of the rebellion [19]
1462–1472, 1485–1486 Remença Catalan constitutionalists and nobility (1462–1472)
Crown of Aragon (1485–1486) 		Catalan peasants
Royalists under John II of Aragon (1462–1472) 		Goal of the rebellion largely achieved, Sentència de Guadalupe signed [20]
1478 Carinthian Peasant Revolt Ottoman Empire Carinthian peasants Suppression of the rebellion [21]
1482–1511 Yamashiro-ikki uprisings Ashikaga shogunate Yamashiro peasant leagues
Hatakeyama clan
Hosokawa clan
Ōuchi clan 		Most ikki submit to the shogunate in 1493, though continue to retain autonomy until gradual dissolution of the movement [22]
1487-1488 Kaga Rebellion Togashi clan Ikkō-ikki
Motoori clan
Yamagawa clan 		Decisive victory for the Ikkō-ikki. [23]
1488–1582 Ikkō-ikki Uprisings Several major samurai clans (including Oda clan and Tokugawa clan)
Nichiren sect
Tendai sōhei
Jōdo-shū sōhei 		Ikkō-shū peasant and ji-samurai leagues
Jōdo Shinshū sōhei
Mōri clan
Azai clan
Asakura clan 		Destruction of most militant Ikkō-shū leagues; Jōdo Shinshū sect and remaining Ikkō-ikki submit to Toyotomi Hideyoshi [24]
1498–1878 Opryshky movement Kingdom of Poland
Holy Roman Empire 		Ukrainian peasants Suppression of the movement
1511 Friulian Revolt Republic of Venice Friulian peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1514 Poor Conrad Rebellion Duchy of Württemberg Württemberg peasants Suppression of the rebellion [25]
1514 György Dózsa Rebellion Kingdom of Hungary Hungarian peasants Suppression of the rebellion [26]
1515 Slovene Peasant Revolt Holy Roman Empire Slovene peasants Suppression of the rebellion [27]
1515–1523 Frisian peasant rebellion Habsburg Netherlands Arumer Zwarte Hoop
Charles II, Duke of Guelders 		Suppression of the rebellion
1516–1521 Trần Cảo Rebellion Lê dynasty Vietnamese peasants under Trần Cảo and Trần Cung Suppression of the rebellion, though Lê dynasty is severely weakened [28]
1524–1525 German Peasants' War Swabian League German peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1524–1533 Dalecarlian Rebellions  Sweden Dalarna peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1525 Palatine Peasants' War Electoral Palatinate Palatine peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1534 Skipper Clement's Rebellion Denmark Christian III
Denmark Kingdom of Denmark 		Danish Peasants under Skipper Clement
Denmark Christian II 		Suppression of the rebellion
1540 Peasant's Rebellion in Telemark Denmark–Norway Norwegian peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1542–1543 Dacke War  Sweden Småland peasants Suppression of the rebellion [29]
1549 Kett's Rebellion Kingdom of England English peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1573 Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt Holy Roman Empire Slovene peasants
Croatian peasants 		Suppression of the rebellion [30]
1596–1597 Cudgel War Sweden Sweden Finnish peasants Suppression of the rebellion [31]
1606–1607 Bolotnikov Rebellion Tsardom of Russia Russian peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1626–1636 Peasants' War in Upper Austria Electorate of Bavaria Austrian peasants Suppression of the rebellion [32]
1630–1645 Rebellion of Li Zicheng Ming dynasty (1630–1644)
Qing Dynasty (1644–1645) 		Peasants under Li Zicheng, Gao Guiying and other generals of the Shun dynasty Collapse of Ming dynasty, but suppression of the rebellion by Qing dynasty
1630–1647 Rebellion of Zhang Xianzhong Ming dynasty (1630–1644)
Qing Dynasty (1644–1647) 		Peasants and bandits under Zhang Xianzhong Collapse of Ming dynasty, but suppression of the rebellion by Qing dynasty [33]
1637–1638 Shimabara Rebellion Tokugawa shogunate
Netherlands Dutch Empire 		Christian peasants and rōnin Suppression of the rebellion [34]
1651 Kostka-Napierski Uprising Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Polish peasants Suppression of the rebellion [35]
1652 Guo Huaiyi Rebellion Dutch East India Company
Aboriginal Taiwanese 		Chinese peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1653 Swiss peasant war of 1653 Republic of the Swiss Swiss peasants Suppression of the rebellion [36]
1667–1671 Spepan Razin Rebellion Tsardom of Russia Russian peasants
Don Cossacks 		Suppression of the rebellion [37]
1669–1670 Peasant Rebellion in Podhale Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Polish peasants Suppression of the rebellion [38]
1705–1706 Bavarian People's Uprising  Habsburg Monarchy Bavarian peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1707–1708 Bulavin Rebellion Tsardom of Russia Russian peasants
Don Cossacks 		Suppression of the rebellion
1730–1769 Peasant revolts for the restoration of the Lê dynasty and land reforms Trịnh lords
Nguyễn lords 		Vietnamese peasants
Lê dynasty 		Suppression of the rebellions and eventual collapse of Lê dynasty, but start of Tây Sơn Revolt
1768–1769 Koliyivshchyna Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Russia Russian Empire 		Haidamaka movement Suppression of the rebellion
1769–1788 Tây Sơn Revolt Nguyễn lords (until 1776)
File:Early Nguyen Dynasty Flag.svg Nguyễn Ánh's forces (since 1776)
Trịnh lords (until 1786)
Siam (in 1785)
Lê dynasty (1786-1788)
Qing Dynasty (1787-1788) 		File:Tay Son Dynasty Flag.svg Tây Sơn dynasty Goal of the rebellion achieved; reunification of Vietnam and introduction of land reforms under Tây Sơn dynasty
1773–1775 Pugachev's Rebellion Russian Empire Russian peasants
Don Cossacks 		Suppression of the rebellion [39]
1784 Revolt of Horea, Cloșca and Crișan  Austrian Empire Romanian peasants Suppression of the rebellion [40]
1790 Saxon Peasants' Revolt Saxony Saxon peasants Suppression of the rebellion [41]
1793–1796 War in the Vendée France French Republic Catholic and Royal Army
Kingdom of France Chouan rebels
Kingdom of France Émigrés
 Great Britain 		Suppression of the rebellion
1793–1804 Chouannerie France French Republic Kingdom of France Chouan rebels
Catholic and Royal Army
Kingdom of France Émigrés
 Great Britain 		Suppression of the rebellion
1794 Kościuszko Uprising Russian Empire
Kingdom of Prussia Kingdom of Prussia
Polish loyalists 		Polish nationalist nobility
Kosynierzy
Polish Jacobins 		Suppression of the rebellion [42]
1794–1804 White Lotus Rebellion Qing Dynasty White Lotus rebels Suppression of the rebellion
1798 Peasants' War France French Republic Low countries peasants Suppression of the rebellion [43]
1809 Tyrolean Rebellion France French Empire
 Bavaria
Saxony
 Napoleonic Italy 		Tyrolean peasants
 Austria 		Suppression of the rebellion
1809 Gottscheer Rebellion France First French Empire Austrian Empire Gottschee German peasants
Slovene peasants 		Suppression of the rebellion
1834 Palestinian Peasant Revolt Egypt Eyalet Palestinian peasants Suppression of the rebellion [44]
1846 Galician slaughter  Austrian Empire Kosynierzy Suppression of the rebellion [45]
1850–1864 Taiping Rebellion Qing Dynasty Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Suppression of the rebellion
1858 Mahtra War Russian Empire Estonian peasants Suppression of the rebellion [46]
1884 Chichibu Incident  Japan Japanese peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1894–1895 Donghak Peasant Revolution  Japan
Korean Empire Joseon Dynasty 		Korean peasants Suppression of the rebellion File:Donghak rebels.jpg
1896–1897 War of Canudos First Brazilian Republic Canudos inhabitants Suppression of the rebellion
1905-1908 Maji Maji Rebellion German East Africa Matumbi people, Ngoni people, and other Tanganyikans Suppression of the rebellion [47]
1907 1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt Kingdom of Romania Romanian peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1913 Peasant revolt in Northern Shaanxi Republic of China Chinese poppy farmers and bandits under a sect leader Spread of the revolt; poppy plant eradication campaign stopped [48]
1914 Peasant Revolt in Albania Principality of Albania
Catholic Militia 		Muslim peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1916 Urkun Russian Empire Kyrgyz and Kazakh peasants Suppression of the rebellion [49]
1918 Arsk Uprising Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian SFSR Tatar peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1920–1921 Tambov Rebellion Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian SFSR Green armies Suppression of the rebellion File:Antonov.jpg [50]
1921 Malabar rebellion British India Indian peasants Suppression of the rebellion [51]
1927 Autumn Harvest Uprising Republic of China Hunan Soviet Suppression of the rebellion
1932 Salvadoran peasant massacre  El Salvador Salvadoran peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1932 Lesko uprising Republic of Poland Polish peasants Suppression of the rebellion [52]
1932 Peasant uprising against poppy-tax collection in Su County Republic of China
Kuomintang members and allied gentry 		Chinese poppy farmers and gentry under Wang Xiaobai and Ma Fengshan Suppression of the rebellion [53]
1932 Peasant uprising against poppy-tax collection in Lingbi County Republic of China Chinese poppy farmers under Tian Xuemin Goal of the rebellion achieved [54]
1944 Peasant revolt in Beichuan County Republic of China Chinese poppy farmers of Xiaoyuan and Houyuan Goal of the rebellion achieved [55]
1946–1951 Tebhaga movement Bengal landlords Bengal peasants (All India Kisan Sabha)
Communist Party of India 		Goal of the rebellion partially achieved [56]
1946–1951 Telangana Rebellion Razakars
Hyderabad landlords
Hyderabad State 		Hyderabad peasants (Andhra Mahasabha)
Communist Party of India 		Goal of the rebellion achieved [57]
1950 Cazin rebellion Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavian peasants Suppression of the rebellion [58]
1959–1965 War against the Bandits Republic of Cuba Cuban peasants
Batista loyalists
DRE
 United States 		Suppression of the rebellion
1968-1969 Agbekoya  Nigeria Yoruba peasants Goal of the rebellion achieved
1970s 1970s peasant revolts in Thailand  Thailand Thai peasants Peasant leaders assassinated
1975–1991 Uprisings in Tigray and Eritrea; part of the Ethiopian Civil War Ethiopia Tigrayan and Eritrean peasants Derg overthrown; Eritrean independence [59]

See also

References

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  2. ^ Theda Skocpol (April 1982). "Review: What Makes Peasants Revolutionary?" (PDF). Retrieved 22 October 2014.
  3. ^ "Peasant Rebellions". Danmarkshistorien-Aarhus University. Retrieved 20 October 2014.
  4. ^ "Chen Sheng and Wu Guang's Revolt Against Qin". Retrieved 22 October 2014.
  5. ^ "The great revolt of the Egyptians (205–186 BC)". Retrieved 8 June 2015.
  6. ^ Dio Cassius, Epitome 72
  7. ^ Ulrich Theobald (28 June 2011). "The Yellow Turban Uprising". Retrieved 22 October 2014.
  8. ^ Baldwin, p. 3-11.
  9. ^ Somers, p. 688-692.
  10. ^ Somers, p. 727-736.
  11. ^ Somers, p. 727-762.
  12. ^ Kazhdan 1991, pp. 268–269
  13. ^ "Die Nördliche Song-Dynastie". Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  14. ^ Andreev, p. 221-228.
  15. ^ Vahtre, p. 79-90.
  16. ^ Sumption, p. 444.
  17. ^ Thomson, p. 195-297.
  18. ^ Hicks, p. 33-55.
  19. ^ Cheetham, p. 218.
  20. ^ Rotger, 2011, p. 26-33.
  21. ^ Štih, Peter (2000). "Kmečki upor na slovenskem Koroškem". In Vidic, Marko (ed.). Ilustrirana zgodovina Slovencev (in Slovenian). Mladinska knjiga. p. 132. ISBN 86-11-15664-1. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |trans_chapter= ignored (|trans-chapter= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  22. ^ Berry, p. 37-44.
  23. ^ Sugiyama 1994, p. 62.
  24. ^ Otani, p. 609-612.
  25. ^ "Der Aufstad des Armen Konrad". Gechichtsverein Kongen. 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
  26. ^ "Dózsa Rebellion". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
  27. ^ Štih, Peter (2000). "Slovenski kmečki upor". In Vidic, Marko (ed.). Ilustrirana zgodovina Slovencev (in Slovenian). Mladinska knjiga. p. 142. ISBN 86-11-15664-1. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |trans_chapter= ignored (|trans-chapter= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  28. ^ Cooke, Vietnamese Confucianization, pp. 289–292.
  29. ^ "Dacke War". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
  30. ^ "Губеца Матии восстание 1573". Большая Советская Энциклопедия. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
  31. ^ Veli Niinimaa. "Jaakko Ilkka". Retrieved 22 October 2014.
  32. ^ "Bauernaufstände in Oberösterreich – Einleitung". Verbundes Oberösterreichischer Museen (in German). Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  33. ^ "Chang Hsien-chung". Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period. Qing Research Portal, Dartmouth College. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
  34. ^ Murray, Japan, pp. 258–262.
  35. ^ Majda, p. 17-30.
  36. ^ Suter, p. 146-155.
  37. ^ Avrich, Paul (1976). Russian Rebels, 1600-1800. New York: Schocken Books. pp. 83–117. ISBN 9780393008364.
  38. ^ Jacek Pędzimąż (17 May 2009). "Rzeczpospolita Podhalańska 1669/1670". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
  39. ^ Forster, Robert (1970). Preconditions of Revolution in Early Modern Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins. pp. 163–181.
  40. ^ Pascu, p. 534-537.
  41. ^ "Sächsischer Bauernaufstand 1790". Bauerkriege. 28 June 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  42. ^ Żygulski; Wielecki, p. 49.
  43. ^ Kreins, p. 66-70
  44. ^ Manna, 2009, p. 85-96.
  45. ^ Jerzy Lukowski; Hubert Zawadzki (6 July 2006). A Concise History of Poland. Cambridge University Press. p. 170. ISBN 978-0-521-85332-3. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
  46. ^ Raun, p. 45-60.
  47. ^ Iliffe, p. 68-176.
  48. ^ Bianco, p. 110.
  49. ^ Bruce Pannier (2 August 2006). "Kyrgyzstan: Victims Of 1916 'Urkun' Tragedy Commemorated". RFE/RL. Retrieved 2006-08-02.
  50. ^ Pipes, p. 374-386.
  51. ^ "Battle of Pookottur commemorated". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 27 August 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  52. ^ Głuszko, p. 71-79.
  53. ^ Bianco, p. 76-96.
  54. ^ Bianco, p. 76-96.
  55. ^ Wakabayashi; Brook, p. 110.
  56. ^ Majumdar, p. 13.
  57. ^ "Hyderabad 1948: India's hidden massacre". BBC News. 24 September 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  58. ^ "Dokumentarni film o Cazinskoj buni na cazin.NET". Cazin. 6 May 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
  59. ^ John Young, Peasant Revolution in Ethiopia: The Tigray People's Liberation Front, 1975–1991 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).

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