List of political parties in Germany
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| This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Germany |
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| Foreign relations |
This is a list of political parties in Germany.
The Parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Bundestag, has a plural multi-party system, with two major parties, the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), with its sister party, the Christian Social Union (CSU) in the same parliamentary group, also known as CDU/CSU or the Union.
Germany also has a number of minor parties, in recent history most importantly the Free Democratic Party (FDP), Alliance 90/The Greens, The Left, and more recently the Alternative for Germany (AfD), founded in 2013. The federal government of Germany often consisted of a coalition of a major and a minor party, specifically CDU/CSU and FDP or SPD and FDP, and from 1998 to 2005 SPD and Greens. From 1966 to 1969, from 2005 to 2009 and again since 2013, the federal government consisted of a coalition of the two major parties, called Grand Coalition.[1] Coalitions in the Bundestag and state legislators are often described by party colors. Party colors are red for the Social Democratic Party, green for Alliance 90/The Greens, yellow for the Free Democratic Party, purple (officially red, which is customarily used for the SPD) for the Left, light blue for the AfD, and black and blue for the CDU and CSU respectively.[2][3]
Contents
The parties[edit]
Parties represented in the Bundestag or the European Parliament[edit]
One German MEP is independent, member of the GUE-NGL-group in the European Parliament and was elected as a candidate of the Human Environment Animal Protection-party (better known as Tierschutzpartei).
Parties represented in state parliaments[edit]
| Logo | Name | Abbr. | Leader | Ideology | Elected in state (Seats) | Position | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
South Schleswig Voters' Association Südschleswigscher Wählerverband |
SSW | Flemming Meyer | Regionalism, Ethnic minority politics, Social liberalism[16] |
Schleswig-Holstein (3) | Centre | [A] |
|
Citizens in Rage Bürger in Wut |
BIW | Jan Timke | Right-wing populism | Bremen (1) | Right-wing | |
| Citizens for Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Bürger für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern |
BMV | Michael Bertram | Conservatism, Regionalism | Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (4) | Centre-right | ||
| United Civil Movements of Brandenburg / Free Voters Brandenburger Vereinigte Bürgerbewegungen / Freie Wähler |
BVB / FW | Péter Vida | Localism, Direct democracy | Brandenburg (3) | Centre-left | ||
| A Represents the Danish and Frisian minorities. Not subject to the general requirement of passing a 5% vote threshold. | |||||||
Minor parties[edit]
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Historical parties[edit]
Parties existing up to World War I[edit]
Parties in Weimar Republic[edit]
- Bavarian People's Party (BVP)
- Centre Party (Zentrum)
- Christian Social People's Service (CSVD)
- Communist Party of Germany (KPD)
- Communist Party of Germany (Opposition) (KPO)
- Conservative People's Party (KVP)
- German Democratic Party (DDP)
- German National People's Party (DNVP)
- German People's Party (DVP)
- German Racialist Freedom Party (DVFP)
- German State Party (DStP)
- German Workers' Party (DAP)
- Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD)
- National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP)
- Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (SAPD)
Defunct parties in (former) West Germany[edit]
- Alliance of Germans (BdD)
- German Party (DP)
- German Conservative Party - German Right Party (DKP-DRP)
- German Reich Party (DRP)
- All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights (GB/BHE)
- All-German People's Party (GVP)
- Communist Party of Germany (Roter Morgen)
Parties banned by the Constitutional Court[edit]
- Socialist Reich Party (SRP), banned in 1952
- Communist Party of Germany (KPD), banned in 1956
Parties in (former) East Germany[edit]
Bloc parties in the socialist state (1949–1989)[edit]
- Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED), "Leading Role" per 1968 Constitution
- Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDUD)
- Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (LDPD)
- Democratic Farmers' Party of Germany (DBD)
- National Democratic Party of Germany (NDPD)
During transition (1989–90)[edit]
- Alliance 90
- Alliance for Germany
- Christian Democratic Union (CDU)
- Democratic Awakening (DA)
- German Social Union (DSU)
- Association of Free Democrats (BFD)
- Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)
- Free Democratic Party (FDP)
- German Forum Party (DFP)
- Democratic Farmers' Party of Germany (DBD)
- Green Party (Greens)
- National Democratic Party of Germany (NDPD)
- Social Democratic Party in the GDR (SDP)
- Socialist Unity Party of Germany—Party of Democratic Socialism (SED-PDS)
- United Left (VL)
Parties founded from 1989[edit]
- The Grays – Gray Panthers (GRAUE)
- Party for a Rule of Law Offensive (Offensive D)
- Statt Party
- The Freedom - Civil rights Party for more Freedom and Democracy
See also[edit]
- List of political parties; categories by country and ideology.
- History of Germany since 1945
- Liberalism in Germany
References[edit]
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-11-08. Retrieved 2009-10-10.
- ^ "Political parties form colorful spectrum in Germany". Deutsche Welle. 2009-08-18. Retrieved 2009-09-12.
- ^ The Green party: Getting used to opposition, Deutsche Welle, 2009-08-24, retrieved 2009-10-12,
This made a so-called Jamaica coalition with the Christian Democratic Union and the Free Democratic Party impossible.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Parties and Elections in Europe: The database about parliamentary elections and political parties in Europe, by Wolfram Nordsieck
- ^ "After migrants, German nationalist party takes aim at Islam". Yahoo News. 23 May 2016.
- ^ "Germany's Nationalist Party Set for Gains as Three States Vote". Voice of America. 11 March 2016.
- ^ a b c d William T Daniel (2015). Career Behaviour and the European Parliament: All Roads Lead Through Brussels?. Oxford University Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-19-871640-2.
- ^ a b Simon Franzmann (2015). "The Failed Struggle for Office Instead of Votes". In Gabriele D'Ottavio; Thomas Saalfeld. Germany After the 2013 Elections: Breaking the Mould of Post-Unification Politics?. Ashgate. pp. 166–167. ISBN 978-1-4724-4439-4.
- ^ Frank Decker (2015). "Follow-up to the Grand Coalition: The Germany Party System before and after the 2013 Federal Election". In Eric Langenbacher. The Merkel Republic: An Appraisal. Berghahn Books. pp. 34–39. ISBN 978-1-78238-896-8.
- ^ NewsComAu. (2018). Meet the smiling face of German ‘terror’. [online] Available at: http://www.news.com.au/finance/work/leaders/rightwing-alternative-for-germany-party-scores-shock-results-in-three-german-regions/news-story/ed234a04187bdddeb0488b7fbf49e417 [Accessed 24 Mar. 2018].
- ^ George C. Lodge; Ezra F. Vogel (1987). Ideology and National Competitiveness: An Analysis of Nine Countries. Harvard Business Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-87584-147-2.
- ^ Russell A. Berman (2010). Freedom Or Terror: Europe Faces Jihad. Hoover Press. p. 110. ISBN 978-0-8179-1114-0.
- ^ Christina Boswell; Dan Hough (2009). Politicizing migration: Opportunity or liability for the centre-right in Germany. Immigration and Integration Policy in Europe: Why Politics – and the Centre-Right – matter. Routledge. pp. 18, 21.
- ^ Klaus Detterbeck (2012). Multi-Level Party Politics in Western Europe. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 105.
- ^ Margret Hornsteiner; Thomas Saalfeld (2014). Parties and the Party System. Developments in German Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 80.
- ^ José Magone (2011). Contemporary European Politics: A Comparative Introduction. Routledge. p. 392.
External links[edit]
- Political Parties (Germany) - List of German political parties since 1949
- Overview of the elections since 1946 (Übersicht der Wahlen seit 1946) (on the website of the Tagesschau news service) - Election results in Germany since 1946 on state, federal and European levels (German descriptions, but graphics and data can be accessed without these).
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