List of presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate
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The president pro tempore of the United States Senate (also president pro tem) is the second-highest-ranking official of the United States Senate. Article I, Section Three of the United States Constitution provides that the Vice President, despite not being a senator, is the President of the Senate. It also establishes that the Senate must choose a president pro tempore to act in his absence:[1]
The Senate shall choose their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States.
The president pro tempore is empowered to preside over Senate sessions in the vice president's absence. In practice, neither the vice president nor the president pro tempore usually presides; instead, the duty of presiding officer is rotated among junior senators of the majority party to give them experience in parliamentary procedure.
The president pro tempore is third in the line of succession to the presidency, after the vice president and the Speaker of the House of Representatives and ahead of the Secretary of State.[2]
Since 1890, the most senior senator in the majority party has generally been chosen to be president pro tempore,[3] and holds the office continuously until the election of another president pro tempore.[4] During most of the 62nd Congress, following William Frye's resignation on April 27, 1911, five senators—Augustus Bacon, Charles Curtis, Jacob Gallinger, Henry Cabot Lodge, and Frank Brandegee—alternated as president pro tempore. In 2001, the honorary title of president pro tempore emeritus was created, has been given to a senator of the minority party who has previously served as president pro tempore.
Since the office was created in 1789, 90 individuals, from 39 of the 50 states, have served as President pro tempore of the Senate. The number of presidents pro tempore from each state are:
- One: Alaska, Arizona, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Texas, Washington, West Virginia, and Wisconsin;
- Two: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Rhode Island, and Utah;
- Three: Massachusetts, Ohio, and Pennsylvania;
- Four: Connecticut, Michigan, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Vermont;
- Six: Georgia, and New Hampshire;
- Seven: Virginia.
No President pro tempore has come from: California, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Minnesota, Montana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, or Wyoming.
Presidents pro tempore
Pro-Administration (2)
Anti-Administration (2)
Democratic-Republican (15)
Federalist (10)
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President pro tempore | State | Party | Term of office | Congress | ||
John Langdon[a] | New Hampshire | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Pro-Administration Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Pro-Administration | April 6–21, 1789 | 1st Congress | |
August 7 – August 9, 1789 | ||||||
Richard Henry Lee | Virginia | style="background-color:Template:Anti-Administration Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Anti-Administration | April 18 – October 8, 1792 | 2nd Congress | |
John Langdon | New Hampshire | rowspan=3 style="background-color:Template:Pro-Administration Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Pro-Administration | November 5 – December 4, 1792 | ||
March 1 – March 3, 1793 | ||||||
March 4 – December 2, 1793 | 3rd Congress | |||||
Ralph Izard | South Carolina | style="background-color:Template:Pro-Administration Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Pro-Administration | May 31 – November 9, 1794 | ||
Henry Tazewell | Virginia | style="background-color:Template:Anti-Administration Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Anti-Administration | February 20, 1795 – June 7, 1795 | ||
rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | | Democratic-Republican | 4th Congress | ||||
December 7 – December 8, 1795 | ||||||
Samuel Livermore | New Hampshire | style="background-color:Template:Federalist Party/meta/color" | | Federalist | May 6 – December 4, 1796 | ||
William Bingham | Pennsylvania | style="background-color:Template:Federalist Party/meta/color" | | Federalist | February 16 – March 3, 1797 | ||
William Bradford | Rhode Island | style="background-color:Template:Federalist Party/meta/color" | | Federalist | July 6 – October 1797 | 5th Congress | |
Jacob Read | South Carolina | style="background-color:Template:Federalist Party/meta/color" | | Federalist | November 22 – December 12, 1797 | ||
Theodore Sedgwick | Massachusetts | style="background-color:Template:Federalist Party/meta/color" | | Federalist | June 27 – December 5, 1798 | ||
John Laurance | New York | style="background-color:Template:Federalist Party/meta/color" | | Federalist | December 6 – December 27, 1798 | ||
James Ross | Pennsylvania | style="background-color:Template:Federalist Party/meta/color" | | Federalist | March 1 – December 1, 1799 | ||
Samuel Livermore | New Hampshire | style="background-color:Template:Federalist Party/meta/color" | | Federalist | December 2 – December 29, 1799 | 6th Congress | |
Uriah Tracy | Connecticut | style="background-color:Template:Federalist Party/meta/color" | | Federalist | May 14 – November 16, 1800 | ||
John E. Howard | Maryland | style="background-color:Template:Federalist Party/meta/color" | | Federalist | November 21 – November 27, 1800 | ||
James Hillhouse | Connecticut | style="background-color:Template:Federalist Party/meta/color" | | Federalist | February 28 – March 3, 1801 | ||
Abraham Baldwin | Georgia | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | | Democratic-Republican | December 7, 1801 – January 14, 1802 | 7th Congress | |
April 17 – December 13, 1802 | ||||||
Stephen R. Bradley | Vermont | rowspan=3 style="background-color:Template:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | | Democratic-Republican | December 14, 1802 – January 18, 1803 | ||
February 25, 1803 | ||||||
March 2 – October 16, 1803 | ||||||
John Brown | Kentucky | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | | Democratic-Republican | October 17 – December 6, 1803 | 8th Congress | |
January 23 – February 26, 1804 | ||||||
Jesse Franklin | North Carolina | style="background-color:Template:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | | Democratic-Republican | March 10 – November 4, 1804 | ||
Joseph Anderson | Tennessee | rowspan=3 style="background-color:Template:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | | Democratic-Republican | January 15 – February 3, 1805 | ||
February 28 – March 2, 1805 | ||||||
March 2 – December 1, 1805 | ||||||
Samuel Smith | Maryland | rowspan=4 style="background-color:Template:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | | Democratic-Republican | December 2 – December 15, 1805 | 9th Congress | |
March 18 – November 30, 1806 | ||||||
March 2 – October 25, 1807 | ||||||
April 16 – November 6, 1808 | 10th Congress | |||||
Stephen R. Bradley | Vermont | style="background-color:Template:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | | Democratic-Republican | December 28, 1808 – January 8, 1809 | ||
John Milledge | Georgia | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | | Democratic-Republican | January 30 – March 3, 1809 | ||
March 4 – May 21, 1809 | 11th Congress | |||||
Andrew Gregg | Pennsylvania | style="background-color:Template:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | | Democratic-Republican | June 26 – December 18, 1809 | ||
John Gaillard | South Carolina | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | | Democratic-Republican | February 28 – March 2, 1810 | ||
April 17 – December 11, 1810 | ||||||
John Pope | Kentucky | style="background-color:Template:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | | Democratic-Republican | February 23 – November 3, 1811 | ||
William H. Crawford[b] | Georgia | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | | Democratic-Republican | March 24, 1812 – March 3, 1813 | 12th Congress | |
March 4 – March 23, 1813 | 13th Congress | |||||
Joseph B. Varnum | Massachusetts | style="background-color:Template:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | | Democratic-Republican | December 6, 1813 – February 3, 1814 | ||
John Gaillard[c] | South Carolina | rowspan=6 style="background-color:Template:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | | Democratic-Republican | April 18 – November 25, 1814 | ||
November 25, 1814 – December 3, 1815 | ||||||
December 4, 1815 – March 3, 1817 | 14th Congress | |||||
March 4, 1817 | 15th Congress | |||||
March 6, 1817 – February 18, 1818 | ||||||
March 31, 1818 – January 5, 1819 | ||||||
James Barbour | Virginia | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | | Democratic-Republican | February 15 – December 5, 1819 | ||
December 6 – December 26, 1819 | 16th Congress | |||||
John Gaillard | South Carolina | rowspan=7 style="background-color:Template:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | | Democratic-Republican | January 25, 1820 – December 2, 1821 | ||
December 3 – December 27, 1821 | 17th Congress | |||||
February 1 – December 2, 1822 | ||||||
February 19 – November 30, 1823 | ||||||
December 1, 1823 – January 20, 1824 | 18th Congress | |||||
May 21, 1824 – March 3, 1825 | ||||||
March 9 – December 4, 1825 | 19th Congress | |||||
Nathaniel Macon | North Carolina | rowspan=3 style="background-color:Template:Democratic-Republican Party/meta/color" | | Democratic-Republican | May 20 – December 3, 1826 | ||
January 2 – February 13, 1827 | ||||||
March 2 – December 2, 1827 | ||||||
Samuel Smith | Maryland | rowspan=5 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Jacksonian (Democratic) |
May 15 – December 18, 1828 | 20th Congress | |
March 13 – December 10, 1829 | 21st Congress | |||||
May 20 – December 31, 1830 | ||||||
March 1 – December 4, 1831 | ||||||
December 5 – December 11, 1831 | 22nd Congress | |||||
Littleton Tazewell | Virginia | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | July 9 – July 16, 1832 | ||
Hugh Lawson White[d] | Tennessee | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | December 3, 1832 – December 1, 1833 | ||
December 2 – December 15, 1833 | 23rd Congress | |||||
George Poindexter | Mississippi | style="background-color:Template:National Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" | | National Republican | June 28 – November 30, 1834 | ||
John Tyler | Virginia | style="background-color:Template:National Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" | | National Republican | March 3 – December 6, 1835 | 24th Congress | |
William R. King | Alabama | rowspan=10 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | July 1 – December 4, 1836 | ||
January 28 – March 3, 1837 | ||||||
March 7 – September 3, 1837 | 25th Congress | |||||
October 13 – December 3, 1837 | ||||||
July 2 – December 18, 1838 | ||||||
February 25 – December 1, 1839 | ||||||
December 2–26, 1839 | 26th Congress | |||||
July – December 15, 1840 | ||||||
March 3, 1841 | ||||||
March 4, 1841 | 27th Congress | |||||
Samuel Southard[e] | New Jersey | style="background-color:Template:Whig Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Whig | March 11, 1841 – May 31, 1842 | ||
Willie P. Mangum[e] | North Carolina | rowspan=3 style="background-color:Template:Whig Party (United States)/meta/color" | | Whig | May 31, 1842 – December 3, 1843 | ||
December 4, 1843 – March 3, 1845 | 28th Congress | |||||
March 4, 1845 | 29th Congress | |||||
Ambrose H. Sevier[f] | Arkansas | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | December 27, 1845 | ||
David R. Atchison | Missouri | rowspan=11 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | August 8 – December 6, 1846 | ||
January 11 – January 13, 1847 | ||||||
March 3 – December 5, 1847 | ||||||
February 2 – February 8, 1848 | 30th Congress | |||||
June 1 – June 14, 1848 | ||||||
June 26 – July 29, 1848 | ||||||
July 29 – December 4, 1848 | ||||||
December 26, 1848 – January 1, 1849 | ||||||
March 2 – March 4, 1849 | ||||||
March 5, 1849 | 31st Congress | |||||
March 16 – December 2, 1849 | ||||||
William R. King[g] | Alabama | rowspan=3 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | May 6 – May 19, 1850 | ||
July 11, 1850 – March 3, 1851 | ||||||
March 4, 1851 – December 20, 1852 | 32nd Congress | |||||
David R. Atchison[g][h] | Missouri | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | December 20, 1852 – March 3, 1853 | ||
March 4, 1853 – December 4, 1854 | 33rd Congress | |||||
Lewis Cass[h] | Michigan | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | December 4, 1854 | ||
Jesse D. Bright[h] | Indiana | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | December 5, 1854 – December 2, 1855 | ||
December 5, 1855 –June 9, 1856 | 34th Congress | |||||
Charles E. Stuart[h] | Michigan | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | June 9 – July 10, 1856 | ||
Jesse D. Bright[h] | Indiana | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | June 11, 1856 – January 6, 1857 | ||
James M. Mason[h] | Virginia | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | January 6 – March 3, 1857 | ||
March 4, 1857 | 35th Congress | |||||
Thomas J. Rusk | Texas | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | March 14 – July 29, 1857 | ||
Benjamin Fitzpatrick | Alabama | rowspan=8 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | December 7 – December 20, 1857 | ||
March 29 – May 2, 1858 | ||||||
June 14 – December 5, 1858 | ||||||
January 19, 1859 | ||||||
January 25 – February 9, 1859 | ||||||
March 9 – December 4, 1859 | 36th Congress | |||||
December 19, 1859 – January 15, 1860 | ||||||
February 20 – February 26, 1860 | ||||||
Jesse D. Bright | Indiana | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | June 12 – July 13, 1860 | ||
Benjamin Fitzpatrick | Alabama | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | June 26 – December 2, 1860 | ||
Solomon Foot | Vermont | rowspan=12 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | February 16 – February 17, 1861 | ||
March 23 – July 3, 1861 | 37th Congress | |||||
July 18 – December 1, 1861 | ||||||
January 15, 1862 | ||||||
March 31 – May 21, 1862 | ||||||
June 19 – December 12, 1862 | ||||||
February 18 – March 3, 1863 | ||||||
March 4 – December 6, 1863 | 38th Congress | |||||
December 18 – December 20, 1863 | ||||||
February 23, 1864 | ||||||
March 11 – March 13, 1864 | ||||||
April 11 – April 13, 1864 | ||||||
Daniel Clark | New Hampshire | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | April 26, 1864 – January 4, 1865 | ||
February 9 – February 19, 1865 | ||||||
Lafayette S. Foster[i] | Connecticut | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | March 7, 1865 – March 2, 1867 | 39th Congress | |
Benjamin F. Wade[i] | Ohio | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | March 2 – March 3, 1867 | ||
March 4, 1867 – March 3, 1869 | 40th Congress | |||||
Henry B. Anthony | Rhode Island | rowspan=15 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | March 23 – March 28, 1869 | 41st Congress | |
April 9 – December 5, 1869 | ||||||
May 28 – June 2, 1870 | ||||||
July 1 – July 5, 1870 | ||||||
July 14 – December 4, 1870 | ||||||
March 10 – March 12, 1871 | 42nd Congress | |||||
April 17 – May 9, 1871 | ||||||
May 23 – December 3, 1871 | ||||||
December 21, 1871 – January 7, 1872 | ||||||
February 23 – February 25, 1872 | ||||||
June 8 – December 1, 1872 | ||||||
December 4 – December 8, 1872 | ||||||
December 13 – December 15, 1872 | ||||||
December 20, 1872 – January 5, 1873 | ||||||
January 24, 1873 | ||||||
Matthew H. Carpenter | Wisconsin | rowspan=4 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | March 12 – March 13, 1873 | 43rd Congress | |
March 26 – November 30, 1873 | ||||||
December 11, 1873 – December 6, 1874 | ||||||
December 23, 1874 – January 4, 1875 | ||||||
Henry B. Anthony | Rhode Island | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | January 25 – January 31, 1875 | ||
February 15 – February 17, 1875 | ||||||
Thomas W. Ferry[j] | Michigan | rowspan=7 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | March 9 – March 10, 1875 | 44th Congress | |
March 19 – December 20, 1875 | ||||||
December 20, 1875 – March 4, 1877 | ||||||
March 5, 1877 | 45th Congress | |||||
February 26 – March 3, 1878 | ||||||
April 17 – December 1, 1878 | ||||||
March 3 – March 17, 1879 | ||||||
Allen G. Thurman | Ohio | rowspan=3 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | April 15 – November 30, 1879 | 46th Congress | |
April 7 – April 14, 1880 | ||||||
May 6 – December 5, 1880 | ||||||
Thomas F. Bayard, Sr.[k] | Delaware | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | October 10 – October 13, 1881 | 47th Congress | |
David Davis[k] | Illinois | style="background-color:Template:Independent (United States)/meta/color | | Independent | October 13, 1881 – March 3, 1883 | ||
George F. Edmunds[k] | Vermont | rowspan=3 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | March 3 – December 2, 1883 | ||
December 3, 1883 – January 14, 1884 | 48th Congress | |||||
January 14, 1884 – March 3, 1885 | ||||||
John Sherman[l] | Ohio | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | December 7, 1885 – February 26, 1887 | 49th Congress | |
John James Ingalls[l] | Kansas | rowspan=7 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | February 26 – December 4, 1887 | ||
December 5, 1887 – March 3, 1889 | 50th Congress | |||||
March 7 – March 17, 1889 | 51st Congress | |||||
April 2 – December 1, 1889 | ||||||
December 5 – December 10, 1889 | ||||||
February 28 – March 18, 1890 | ||||||
April 3, 1890 – March 2, 1891 | ||||||
Charles F. Manderson | Nebraska | rowspan=3 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | March 2 – December 6, 1891 | ||
December 7, 1891 – March 3, 1893 | 52nd Congress | |||||
March 4 – March 22, 1893 | 53rd Congress | |||||
Isham G. Harris | Tennessee | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | March 22, 1893 – January 7, 1895 | ||
Matt W. Ransom | North Carolina | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | January 7 – January 10, 1895 | ||
Isham G. Harris | Tennessee | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | January 10 – March 3, 1895 | ||
William P. Frye[m][n] | Maine | rowspan=9 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | February 7, 1896 – March 3, 1897 | 54th Congress | |
March 4, 1897 – December 3, 1899 | 55th Congress | |||||
December 4, 1899 – March 3, 1901 | 56th Congress | |||||
March 7, 1901 – March 4, 1903 | 57th Congress | |||||
March 5, 1903 – March 3, 1905 | 58th Congress | |||||
March 4, 1905 – March 3, 1907 | 59th Congress | |||||
December 5, 1907 – March 3, 1909 | 60th Congress | |||||
March 4, 1909 – April 3, 1911 | 61st Congress | |||||
April 4 – April 27, 1911 | 62nd Congress | |||||
Augustus O. Bacon | Georgia | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | August 14, 1911 | ||
Charles Curtis | Kansas | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | December 4 – December 12, 1911 | ||
Augustus O. Bacon | Georgia | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | January 15 – January 17, 1912 | ||
Jacob H. Gallinger | New Hampshire | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | February 12 – February 14, 1912 | ||
Augustus O. Bacon | Georgia | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | March 11 – March 12, 1912 | ||
Frank B. Brandegee | Connecticut | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | March 25 – March 26, 1912 | ||
Augustus O. Bacon | Georgia | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | April 8, 1912 | ||
Jacob H. Gallinger | New Hampshire | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | April 26 – April 27, 1912; May 7, 1912 | ||
Augustus O. Bacon | Georgia | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | May 10, 1912 | ||
Henry Cabot Lodge | Massachusetts | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | May 25, 1912 | ||
Augustus O. Bacon | Georgia | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | May 30 – June 3, 1912; June 13 – July 5, 1912 | ||
Jacob H. Gallinger | New Hampshire | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | July 6 – July 31, 1912 | ||
Augustus O. Bacon | Georgia | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | August 1 – August 10, 1912 | ||
Jacob H. Gallinger | New Hampshire | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | August 12 – August 26, 1912 | ||
Augustus O. Bacon[o] | Georgia | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | August 27 – December 15, 1912 | ||
Jacob H. Gallinger[o] | New Hampshire | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | December 16, 1912, and January 4, 1913 | ||
Augustus O. Bacon[o] | Georgia | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | January 5 – January 18, 1913 | ||
Jacob H. Gallinger[o] | New Hampshire | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | January 19 – February 1, 1913 | ||
Augustus O. Bacon[o] | Georgia | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | February 2 – February 15, 1913 | ||
Jacob H. Gallinger[o] | New Hampshire | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | February 16 – March 3, 1913 | ||
James Paul Clarke | Arkansas | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | March 13, 1913 – March 3, 1915 | 63rd Congress | |
December 6, 1915 – October 1, 1916 | 64th Congress | |||||
Willard Saulsbury, Jr. | Delaware | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | December 14, 1916 – March 4, 1917 | ||
March 5, 1917 – March 3, 1919 | 65th Congress | |||||
Albert B. Cummins[p] | Iowa | rowspan=4 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | May 19, 1919 – March 3, 1921 | 66th Congress | |
March 7, 1921 – December 2, 1923 | 67th Congress | |||||
December 3, 1923 – March 3, 1925 | 68th Congress | |||||
March 4 – March 6, 1925 | 69th Congress | |||||
George H. Moses | New Hampshire | rowspan=4 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | March 6, 1925 – March 4, 1927 | ||
December 15, 1927 – March 3, 1929 | 70th Congress | |||||
March 4, 1929 – December 6, 1931 | 71st Congress | |||||
December 7, 1931 – March 3, 1933 | 72nd Congress | |||||
Key Pittman | Nevada | rowspan=4 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | March 9, 1933 – January 2, 1935 | 73rd Congress | |
January 7, 1935 – January 4, 1937 | 74th Congress | |||||
January 5, 1937 – January 2, 1939 | 75th Congress | |||||
January 3, 1939 – November 10, 1940 | 76th Congress | |||||
William H. King | Utah | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | November 19, 1940 – January 3, 1941 | ||
Pat Harrison | Mississippi | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | January 6 – June 22, 1941 | 77th Congress | |
Carter Glass | Virginia | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | July 10, 1941 – January 5, 1943 | ||
January 14, 1943 – January 2, 1945 | 78th Congress | |||||
Kenneth McKellar[q] | Tennessee | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | January 6, 1945 – January 2, 1947 | 79th Congress | |
Arthur H. Vandenberg[q] | Michigan | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | January 4, 1947 – January 2, 1949 | 80th Congress | |
Kenneth McKellar[q] | Tennessee | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | January 3, 1949 – January 2, 1951 | 81st Congress | |
January 3, 1951 – January 2, 1953 | 82nd Congress | |||||
Styles Bridges | New Hampshire | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | January 3, 1953 – January 4, 1955 | 83rd Congress | |
Walter F. George | Georgia | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | January 5, 1955 – January 2, 1957 | 84th Congress | |
Carl Hayden[r] | Arizona | rowspan=6 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | January 3, 1957 – January 6, 1959 | 85th Congress | |
January 7, 1959 – January 2, 1961 | 86th Congress | |||||
January 3, 1961 – January 8, 1963 | 87th Congress | |||||
January 9, 1963 – January 3, 1965 | 88th Congress | |||||
January 4, 1965 – January 9, 1967 | 89th Congress | |||||
January 10, 1967 – January 2, 1969 | 90th Congress | |||||
Richard Russell, Jr. | Georgia | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | January 3, 1969 – January 20, 1971 | 91st Congress | |
January 21, 1971 | 92nd Congress | |||||
Allen J. Ellender | Louisiana | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | January 22, 1971 – July 27, 1972 | ||
James Eastland[s][t] | Mississippi | rowspan=4 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | July 28, 1972 – January 2, 1973 | ||
January 3, 1973 – January 13, 1975 | 93rd Congress | |||||
January 14, 1975 – January 3, 1977 | 94th Congress | |||||
January 4, 1977 – December 27, 1978 | 95th Congress | |||||
Warren Magnuson | Washington | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | January 15, 1979 – December 4, 1980 | 96th Congress | |
Milton Young | North Dakota | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | December 5, 1980 | ||
Warren Magnuson | Washington | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | December 6, 1980 – January 4, 1981 | ||
Strom Thurmond | South Carolina | rowspan=3 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | January 5, 1981 – January 2, 1983 | 97th Congress | |
January 3, 1983 – January 2, 1985 | 98th Congress | |||||
January 3, 1985 – January 5, 1987 | 99th Congress | |||||
John C. Stennis | Mississippi | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | January 6, 1987 – January 3, 1989 | 100th Congress | |
Robert Byrd | West Virginia | rowspan=3 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | January 3, 1989 – January 2, 1991 | 101st Congress | |
January 3, 1991 – January 4, 1993 | 102nd Congress | |||||
January 5, 1993 – January 3, 1995 | 103rd Congress | |||||
Strom Thurmond | South Carolina | rowspan=3 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | January 4, 1995 – January 6, 1997 | 104th Congress | |
January 7, 1997 – January 6, 1999 | 105th Congress | |||||
January 7, 1999 – January 3, 2001 | 106th Congress | |||||
Robert Byrd | West Virginia | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | January 3 – January 20, 2001 | 107th Congress | |
Strom Thurmond | South Carolina | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | January 20 – June 6, 2001 | ||
Robert Byrd | West Virginia | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | June 6, 2001 – January 3, 2003 | ||
Ted Stevens | Alaska | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2005 | 108th Congress | |
January 3, 2005 – January 4, 2007 | 109th Congress | |||||
Robert Byrd | West Virginia | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | January 4, 2007 – January 3, 2009 | 110th Congress | |
January 3, 2009 – June 28, 2010 | 111th Congress | |||||
Daniel Inouye | Hawaii | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | June 28, 2010 – January 5, 2011 | ||
January 5, 2011 – December 17, 2012 | 112th Congress | |||||
Patrick Leahy | Vermont | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | December 17, 2012 – January 3, 2013 | ||
January 3, 2013 – January 6, 2015 | 113th Congress | |||||
Orrin Hatch | Utah | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | January 6, 2015 – January 3, 2017 | 114th Congress | |
January 3, 2017 – Incumbent | 115th Congress |
Notes
- ^ Served during a vacancy in the vice presidency, April 6–21, 1789, prior to the inauguration of John Adams.
- ^ Served during a vacancy in the vice presidency, April 20, 1812–March 4, 1813, following the death of George Clinton.
- ^ Served during a vacancy in the vice presidency, November 23, 1814–March 4, 1817, following the death of Elbridge Gerry.
- ^ Served during a vacancy in the vice presidency, December 28, 1832–March 4, 1833, following the resignation of John C. Calhoun.
- ^ a b Served during a vacancy in the vice presidency, April 4, 1841–March 4, 1845, after John Tyler succeeded to the presidency.
- ^ Ambrose H. Sevier was not elected as president pro tempore in an official manner, but permitted to occupy the chair for the day.
- ^ a b Served during a vacancy in the vice presidency, July 9, 1850–March 4, 1853, after Millard Fillmore succeeded to the presidency.
- ^ a b c d e f Served during a vacancy in the vice presidency, April 18, 1853–March 4, 1857, following the death of William R. King.
- ^ a b Served during a vacancy in the vice presidency, April 15, 1865–March 4, 1869, after Andrew Johnson succeeded to presidency.
- ^ Served during a vacancy in the vice presidency, November 22, 1875–March 4, 1877, following the death of Henry Wilson.
- ^ a b c Served during a vacancy in the vice presidency, September 19, 1881–March 4, 1885, after Chester A. Arthur succeeded to presidency.
- ^ a b Served during a vacancy in the vice presidency, November 25, 1885–March 4, 1889, following the death of Thomas A. Hendricks.
- ^ Served during a vacancy in the vice presidency, November 21, 1899–March 4, 1901, following the death of Garret Hobart.
- ^ Served during a vacancy in the vice presidency, September 14, 1901–March 4, 1905, after Theodore Roosevelt succeeded to presidency.
- ^ a b c d e f Served during a vacancy in the vice presidency, October 30, 1912–March 4, 1913, following the death of James S. Sherman.
- ^ Served during a vacancy in the vice presidency, August 2, 1923–March 4, 1925, after Calvin Coolidge succeeded to presidency.
- ^ a b c Served during a vacancy in the vice presidency, April 12, 1945–January 20, 1949, after Harry S. Truman succeeded to presidency.
- ^ Served during a vacancy in the vice presidency, November 22, 1963–January 20, 1965, after Lyndon B. Johnson succeeded to presidency.
- ^ Served during a vacancy in the vice presidency, October 10, 1973–December 6, 1973, following the resignation of Spiro Agnew.
- ^ Served during a vacancy in the vice presidency, August 9, 1974–December 19, 1974, after Gerald Ford succeeded to presidency.
Presidents pro tempore emeritus
In 2001, the honorary title of president pro tempore emeritus was created. It has subsequently been bestowed upon a senator of the minority party who has previously served as president pro tempore.[3]
President pro tempore emeritus | State | Party | Term of office | Congress | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Strom Thurmond | South Carolina | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | June 6, 2001 – January 3, 2003 | 107th Congress |
Robert Byrd | West Virginia | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | January 4, 2003 – January 3, 2007 | 108th Congress 109th Congress |
Ted Stevens | Alaska | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color | | Republican | January 4, 2007 – January 3, 2009 | 110th Congress |
Patrick Leahy | Vermont | style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color | | Democratic | January 6, 2015 – present | 114th Congress 115th Congress |
See also
References
- ^ Kathy Gill. "US Senate Organization". About.com. The New York Times Company. Retrieved October 19, 2009.
- ^ Mount, Steve. "Constitutional Topic: Presidential Line of Succession". USConstitution.net. Steve Mount. Retrieved October 19, 2009.
- ^ a b Davis, Christopher M. (December 20, 2012). The President Pro Tempore of the Senate: History and Authority of the Office (Report). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ^ Sachs, Richard C. (January 22, 2003). "The President Pro Tempore of the Senate: History and Authority of the Office" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved December 9, 2008.
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This article incorporates public domain material from President Pro Tempore. United States Senate.