List of state leaders in 868

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 868.

Asia

Champa – Vikrantavarman III (854–875)
China (Tang dynasty) – Emperor Yizong (859–873)
Pratihara Empire – Mihira Bhoja I (c. 836–886)
Japan (Heian period) – Emperor Seiwa (858–876)
Khmer Empire – Jayavarman III (850–877)
Khorasan (Saffarid dynasty) – Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar (858–876)
Korea (North South States Period)
- Balhae – Dae Geonhwang (861–879)
- Unified Silla – Gyeongmun (861–875)
Rashtrakuta – Amoghavarsha I (814–878)

Europe

First Bulgarian Empire – Boris I, Knyaz of Bulgaria (852–889)
Byzantine Empire – Basil I the Macedonian (867–886)
Caucasus –
- Principality of Iberia – Bagrat I Kuropalates (830–876)
- Principality of Kakheti – Gabriel (861–881)
Duchy of Croatia – Domagoj (864–876)
Kingdom of Denmark – Bagsecg (c. 866–c. 871)
England (Heptarchy) –
- Kingdom of East Anglia – Edmund the Martyr (854–869)
- Kingdom of Mercia – Burgred (852–874)
- Kingdom of Northumbria² – Ecgberht I (867–872)
- Kingdom of Wessex – Æthelred (865–871)
East Francia – Louis the German (843–876)
- Duchy of Saxony – Bruno (866–880)
- Duchy of Thuringia – Thachulf (849–873)
West Francia – Charles the Bald (843–877)
- County of Angoulême – Wulgrin I (866–886)
- Kingdom of Aquitaine – Louis the Stammerer (866–877)
- County of Auxerre – Hugh the Abbot (866–870)
- County of Barcelona – Bernard II (865–878)
- Duchy of Brittany – Salomon (857–874)
- County of Flanders – Baldwin I (862–879)
- County of Maine – Gauzfrid (865–878)
- March of Neustria – Gauzfrid, Count of Maine (865–878)
- County of Poitiers – Bernard of Gothia (866–877)
- County of Toulouse – Bernard II (865–877)
- County of Tours – Hugh the Abbot (866–886)
- County of Troyes – Odo I (866–871)
- County of Urgell – Solomon (848–869)
Duchy of Gascony – Sans III Mitarra (864–893)
Ireland – Áed Findliath, High King of Ireland (862–879)
- Kingdom of Ailech – Áed Findliath (c. 855–879)
- Kingdom of Connacht – Mugron mac Máel Cothaid (848–872)
- Uí Maine –
- Kingdom of Leinster – Dúnlaing mac Muiredaig (863–869)
- Kingdom of Mide – Donnchad mac Aedacain (864–877)
- Kingdom of Munster – Cenn Fáelad hua Mugthigirn (861–872)
- Kingdom of Osraige – Cerball mac Dúnlainge (842–888)
- Kingdom of Ulaid –
- Cathalán mac Indrechtaig, co-king (857–871)
- Lethlobar mac Loingsig, co-king (857–873)
Kingdom of Italy – Louis II (855–875)
- Principality of Benevento – Adelchis (854–878)
- County of Capua – Landulf II (863–879)
- March of Friuli – Unruoch III (863–874)
- Duchy of Gaeta – Docibilis I, Hypatus of Gaeta (866–906)
- Duchy of Naples – Gregory III (864–870)
- Papal States – Pope Adrian II (867–872)
- Principality of Salerno – Guaifer (861–880)
- Duchy of Spoleto – Lambert I (860–871)
- March of Tuscany – Adalbert I (847–886)
- Republic of Venice – Orso I Participazio, Doge of Venice (864–881)
Kingdom of Lotharingia – Lothair II (855–869)
- Duchy of Alsace – Hugh (867–885)
Great Moravia – Rastislav (846–870)
Novgorod – Rurik, Prince of Novgorod (862–879)
Scotland –
- Kingdom of the Picts – Constantine I (862–877)
Principality of Serbia – Mutimir, Grand Župan (850–891)
Spain –
- County of Aragon – Aznar Galíndez II (867–893)
- Kingdom of Asturias – Alfonso III (866–910)
  - County of Castile – Rodrigo (860–873)
  - County of Portugal – Vímara Peres (868–873)
- Emirate of Córdoba – Muhammad I (852–886)
- Kingdom of Pamplona – García Íñiguez (851/852–882)
Wales –
- Kingdom of Gwynedd – Rhodri the Great (844–878)
- Kingdom of Powys – Rhodri the Great (855–878)

Middle East

Abbasid Caliphate – Al-Mu'tazz (866–869)
Byzantine Empire – Basil I (867–886)

Notes

Though East Anglia is traditionally perceived to have been in the heptarchy it was a largely independent kingdom until its conquest by the Danes in 870. All other members of the heptarchy, apart from Mercia, had been conquered by Wessex and by this time had no form or king. Mercia was unique in its maintenance of an independent dynasty during the heptarchy.