List of tallest buildings

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The 828-metre (2,717 ft) tall Burj Khalifa in Dubai has been the tallest building since 2010.[1] The Burj Khalifa has been classified as megatall.[2]
A diagram showing the tallest buildings as of 2023

Tall buildings, such as skyscrapers, are intended here as enclosed structures with continuously occupiable floors and a height of at least 340 metres (1,120 ft). Such definition excludes non-building structures, such as towers.

History

Historically, the world's tallest man-made structure was the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt, which held the position for over 3800 years[3] until the construction of Lincoln Cathedral in 1311. The Strasbourg Cathedral in France, completed in 1439, was the world's tallest building until 1874.

The first skyscraper was pioneered in Chicago with the 138 ft (42.1 m) Home Insurance Building in 1885. The United States would remain the location of the world's tallest building throughout the 20th century until 1998, when the Petronas Towers were completed. Since then, two other buildings have gained the title: Taipei 101 in 2004 and Burj Khalifa in 2010.[4] Since the beginning of the 21st century, the Middle East, China, and Southeast Asia have experienced booms in skyscraper construction.[5]

Ranking criteria and alternatives

The international non-profit organization Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) was formed in 1969 and announces the title of "The World's Tallest Building" and sets the standards by which buildings are measured. It maintains a list of the 100 tallest completed buildings in the world.[6] The organization currently ranks Burj Khalifa in Dubai as the tallest at 828 m (2,717 ft).[6] However, the CTBUH only recognizes buildings that are complete, and some buildings included within the lists in this article are not considered finished by the CTBUH.

In 1996, as a response to the dispute as to whether the Petronas Towers or the Sears Tower was taller,[7] the council listed and ranked buildings in four categories:[8]

  • height to structural or architectural top;
  • height to floor of highest occupied floor;
  • height to top of roof (removed as category in November 2009);[9] and
  • height to top of any part of the building.

All categories measure the building from the level of the lowest significant open-air pedestrian entrance.[10]

Spires are considered integral parts of the architectural design of buildings, changes to which would substantially change the appearance and design of the building, whereas antennas may be added or removed without such consequences. The Petronas Towers, with their spires, are thus ranked higher than the Willis Tower (formerly the Sears Tower) with its antennas, despite the Petronas Towers' lower roofs and lower highest point.[8]

Until 1996, the world's tallest building was defined by the height to the top of the tallest architectural element, including spires but not antennae.[8] In 1930, this definitional argument led to a rivalry between the Bank of Manhattan Building and the Chrysler Building. The Bank of Manhattan Building (i.e. 40 Wall Street) employed only a short spire, was 282.5 m (927 ft) tall, and had a much higher top occupied floor (the second category in the 1996 criteria for tallest building). In contrast, the Chrysler Building employed a very large 38.1 m (125 ft) spire secretly assembled inside the building to claim the title of world's tallest building with a total height of 318.9 m (1,046 ft), although it had a lower top occupied floor and a shorter height when both buildings' spires were excluded.

Upset by Chrysler's victory, Shreve & Lamb, the consulting architects of the Bank of Manhattan Building, wrote a newspaper article claiming that their building was actually the tallest, since it contained the world's highest usable floor, at 255 m (837 ft). They pointed out that the observation deck in the Bank of Manhattan Building was nearly 30 m (98 ft) above the top floor in the Chrysler Building, whose surpassing spire was strictly ornamental and inaccessible.[11]

The Burj Khalifa currently tops the list by some margin, regardless of which criterion is applied.[12][13]

Tallest buildings in the world

As of 28 May 2023, this list includes all 90 buildings (completed and architecturally topped out) which reach a height of 340 metres (1,120 ft) or more, as assessed by their highest architectural feature. The building is considered as architecturally topped out when it is under construction, structurally topped out, fully clad, and the highest finished architectural elements are in place.[10]

Of these buildings, almost half are in China. Six of the last seven buildings to have held the record as 'tallest building' are still found in the list, with the exception being the North Tower of the original World Trade Center at 417 metres (1,368 ft) after its destruction in the September 11 attacks of 2001. If the Twin Towers were never destroyed, and One World Trade Center was never built, the WTC towers would rank 35 and 36 on the list today.

bold Denotes building that is or was once the tallest in the world
Rank Name Image Coordinates City Country Height[14] Floors Year Notes
m ft
1 Burj Khalifa Burj Khalifa.jpg 25°11′50″N 55°16′27″E / 25.19722°N 55.27417°E / 25.19722; 55.27417 Dubai  United Arab Emirates 828 2,717 163 (+ 2 below ground)[15] 2010
2 Merdeka 118 Merdeka 118 20230317.jpg 3°8′30″N 101°42′2″E / 3.14167°N 101.70056°E / 3.14167; 101.70056 Kuala Lumpur  Malaysia 678.9 2,227 118 (+ 5 below ground)[16] 2023
3 Shanghai Tower Shanghai Tower in 2015 (2).jpg 31°14′7.8″N 121°30′3.6″E / 31.235500°N 121.501000°E / 31.235500; 121.501000 Shanghai  China 632 2,073 128 (+ 5 below ground)[17] 2015
4 Abraj Al-Bait Clock Tower Abraj-al-Bait-Towers.JPG 21°25′8″N 39°49′35″E / 21.41889°N 39.82639°E / 21.41889; 39.82639 Mecca  Saudi Arabia 601 1,972 120 (+ 3 below ground)[18] 2012
5 Ping An International Finance Centre Pingan International Finance Center2020.jpg 22°32′12″N 114°3′1″E / 22.53667°N 114.05028°E / 22.53667; 114.05028 Shenzhen  China 599.1 1,966 115 (+ 5 below ground)[19] 2017
6 Lotte World Tower Lotte World Tower 2019.jpg 37°30′45″N 127°6′9″E / 37.51250°N 127.10250°E / 37.51250; 127.10250 Seoul  South Korea 554.5 1,819 123 (+ 6 below ground)[20] 2017
7 One World Trade Center New York and Jersey City Skyline Panorama Crop Edit - One World Trade Center.jpg 40°42′46.80″N 74°0′48.60″W / 40.7130000°N 74.0135000°W / 40.7130000; -74.0135000 New York City  United States 541.3 1,776 94 (+ 5 below ground)[21] 2014
8 Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre Guangzhou CTF Finance Center.jpg 23°7′13″N 113°19′14″E / 23.12028°N 113.32056°E / 23.12028; 113.32056 Guangzhou  China 530 1,739 111 (+ 5 below ground)[22] 2016
Tianjin CTF Finance Centre Tianjin CTF Finance Centre in 2019.jpg 39°1′16.97″N 117°41′54.46″E / 39.0213806°N 117.6984611°E / 39.0213806; 117.6984611 Tianjin 97 (+ 4 below ground)[23] 2019
10 China Zun CITIC Tower 2021.jpg 39°54′41.44″N 116°27′36.83″E / 39.9115111°N 116.4602306°E / 39.9115111; 116.4602306 Beijing 527.7 1,731 109 (+ 8 below ground)[24] 2018
11 Taipei 101 Taipei 101 in 2019.jpg 25°2′1″N 121°33′54″E / 25.03361°N 121.56500°E / 25.03361; 121.56500 Taipei  Taiwan 508 1,667 101 (+ 5 below ground)[25] 2004 [note 1]
12 Shanghai World Financial Center 上海国际金融中心.jpg 31°14′12″N 121°30′10″E / 31.23667°N 121.50278°E / 31.23667; 121.50278 Shanghai  China 492 1,614 101 (+ 3 below ground)[26] 2008
13 International Commerce Centre International Commerce Centre in 201008.jpg 22°18′12.21″N 114°9′36.61″E / 22.3033917°N 114.1601694°E / 22.3033917; 114.1601694 Hong Kong 484 1,588 108 (+ 4 below ground)[27] 2010
14 Wuhan Greenland Center Wuhan Greenland Center.jpg 30°35′5″N 114°18′52″E / 30.58472°N 114.31444°E / 30.58472; 114.31444 Wuhan 475.6 1,560 101 (+ 6 below ground)[28] 2023
15 Central Park Tower Central Park Tower April 2021.jpg 40°45′58.8″N 73°58′51.4″W / 40.766333°N 73.980944°W / 40.766333; -73.980944 New York City  United States 472.4 1,550 98 (+ 4 below ground)[29] 2021
16 Lakhta Center Lakhta Center in 2018.jpg 59°59′13.31″N 30°10′41.30″E / 59.9870306°N 30.1781389°E / 59.9870306; 30.1781389 Saint Petersburg  Russia 462 1,516 87 (+ 3 below ground)[30] 2019
17 Landmark 81 PANO0001-Pano11099tam The Landmark 81.jpg 10°47′42″N 106°43′19″E / 10.79500°N 106.72194°E / 10.79500; 106.72194 Ho Chi Minh City  Vietnam 461.2 1,513 81 (+ 3 below ground)[31] 2018
18 International Land-Sea Center 29°33′11.34″N 106°30′49.41″E / 29.5531500°N 106.5137250°E / 29.5531500; 106.5137250 Chongqing  China 458.2 1,503 98 (+ 4 below ground) 2024
19 The Exchange 106 The Exchange 106 20230317.jpg 3°8′30.84″N 101°43′7.50″E / 3.1419000°N 101.7187500°E / 3.1419000; 101.7187500 Kuala Lumpur  Malaysia 453.6 1,488 95 (+ 6 below ground)[32] 2019
20 Changsha IFS Tower T1 Changsha IFS 2021.jpg 28°11′43.51″N 112°58′24.31″E / 28.1954194°N 112.9734194°E / 28.1954194; 112.9734194 Changsha  China 452.1 1,483 94 (+ 5 below ground)[33] 2018
21 Petronas Tower 1 The Twins SE Asia 2019 (49171985716) (cropped) 2.jpg 3°9′27.3″N 101°42′41.1″E / 3.157583°N 101.711417°E / 3.157583; 101.711417 Kuala Lumpur  Malaysia 451.9 1,483 88 (+ 5 below ground)[34][35] 1998 [note 2]
Petronas Tower 2 3°9′29.6″N 101°42′43.7″E / 3.158222°N 101.712139°E / 3.158222; 101.712139
23 Zifeng Tower Zifeng Tower in 2017.jpg 32°3′44.9″N 118°46′41.0″E / 32.062472°N 118.778056°E / 32.062472; 118.778056 Nanjing  China 450 1,476 89 (+ 5 below ground)[36] 2010
Suzhou IFS Suzhou IFS 2018.jpg 31°19′26.8″N 120°42′46.1″E / 31.324111°N 120.712806°E / 31.324111; 120.712806 Suzhou 95 (+ 5 below ground)[37] 2019
25 Wuhan Center Wuhan Center 201704.jpg 30°35′47.94″N 114°14′22.81″E / 30.5966500°N 114.2396694°E / 30.5966500; 114.2396694 Wuhan 443.1 1,454 88 (+ 4 below ground)[38] 2019
26 Willis Tower Willis Tower From Lake.jpg 41°52′43.00″N 87°38′8.99″W / 41.8786111°N 87.6358306°W / 41.8786111; -87.6358306 Chicago  United States 442.1 1,450 108 (+ 3 below ground)[39] 1974 [note 3]
27 KK100 KK100 exterior southeast.jpg 22°32′44.99″N 114°6′5.62″E / 22.5458306°N 114.1015611°E / 22.5458306; 114.1015611 Shenzhen  China 441.8 1,449 98 (+ 4 below ground)[40] 2011
28 Guangzhou International Finance Center Guangzhou International Finance Center.jpg 23°7′13.25″N 113°19′5.07″E / 23.1203472°N 113.3180750°E / 23.1203472; 113.3180750 Guangzhou 438.6 1,439 101 (+ 4 below ground)[41] 2010
29 111 West 57th Street 111 West 57th Street.png 40°45′53.6″N 73°58′39.0″W / 40.764889°N 73.977500°W / 40.764889; -73.977500 New York City  United States 435.3 1,428 84 (+ 2 below ground)[42] 2021
30 One Vanderbilt One Vanderbilt in April 2021 (2).jpg 40°45′27″N 73°58′23″W / 40.75750°N 73.97306°W / 40.75750; -73.97306 427 1,401 62 (+ 4 below ground)[43] 2020
31 432 Park Avenue 432 Park Avenue, NY (cropped)2.jpg 40°45′42″N 73°58′19″W / 40.76167°N 73.97194°W / 40.76167; -73.97194 425.7 1,397 85 (+ 3 below ground)[44] 2015
32 Marina 101 Marina 101.jpg 25°5′20.33″N 55°8′55.07″E / 25.0889806°N 55.1486306°E / 25.0889806; 55.1486306 Dubai  United Arab Emirates 425 1,394 101 (+ 6 below ground)[45] 2017
33 Trump International Hotel and Tower Trump International Hotel and Tower 2022.jpg 41°53′20.76″N 87°37′36.02″W / 41.8891000°N 87.6266722°W / 41.8891000; -87.6266722 Chicago  United States 423.2 1,388 98 (+ 2 below ground)[46] 2009
34 Dongguan International Trade Center 1 Minying International Trade Center T2 in 2021.jpg 23°1′30″N 113°44′54″E / 23.02500°N 113.74833°E / 23.02500; 113.74833 Dongguan  China 422.6 1,386 85 (+ 3 below ground)[47] 2021
35 Jin Mao Tower Jin Mao Tower 2007.jpg 31°14′14″N 121°30′5″E / 31.23722°N 121.50139°E / 31.23722; 121.50139 Shanghai 420.5 1,380 88 (+ 3 below ground)[48] 1999
36 Princess Tower Princess Tower.jpg 25°5′19.05″N 55°8′48.69″E / 25.0886250°N 55.1468583°E / 25.0886250; 55.1468583 Dubai  United Arab Emirates 413.4 1,356 101 (+ 6 below ground)[49] 2012
37 Al Hamra Tower Al Hamra Tower.jpg 29°22′43″N 47°59′34″E / 29.37861°N 47.99278°E / 29.37861; 47.99278 Kuwait City  Kuwait 412.6 1,354 80 (+ 3 below ground)[50] 2011
38 Two International Finance Centre HK International Finance Centre 200809 3.jpg 22°17′6″N 114°9′33″E / 22.28500°N 114.15917°E / 22.28500; 114.15917 Hong Kong  China 412 1,352 88 (+ 6 below ground)[51] 2003
39 Haeundae LCT The Sharp Landmark Tower Haeundae LCT The Sharp 20200522.jpg 35°9′41″N 129°10′26″E / 35.16139°N 129.17389°E / 35.16139; 129.17389 Busan  South Korea 411.6 1,350 101 (+ 5 below ground)[52] 2019
40 Guangxi China Resources Tower 22°48′53.4″N 108°23′28.1″E / 22.814833°N 108.391139°E / 22.814833; 108.391139 Nanning 402.7 1,321 86 (+ 3 below ground)[53] 2020
41 Guiyang International Financial Center T1[54] Guiyang International Financial Center.jpg 26°39′3.416″N 106°38′40.322″E / 26.65094889°N 106.64453389°E / 26.65094889; 106.64453389 Guiyang 401 1,316 79 (+ 5 below ground)[55] 2020
42 The iconic tower [[File:The Iconic tower of Egypt.jpg|The_Iconic_tower_of_Egypt]] النهر الأخضر، محافظة القاهرة‬،, Cairo Governorate Desert 400 1,312 80 2023
43 China Resources Tower China Resources Headquarters in Dec 2020.jpg 22°31′3.94″N 113°56′29.76″E / 22.5177611°N 113.9416000°E / 22.5177611; 113.9416000 Shenzhen 392.5 1,288 68 (+ 5 below ground)[56] 2018
44 23 Marina 23 Marina.jpg 25°5′23.32″N 55°9′2.20″E / 25.0898111°N 55.1506111°E / 25.0898111; 55.1506111 Dubai  United Arab Emirates 392.4 1,287 88 (+ 4 below ground)[57] 2012
45 CITIC Plaza CITIC Plaza 2017.jpg 23°8′40″N 113°19′10″E / 23.14444°N 113.31944°E / 23.14444; 113.31944 Guangzhou  China 390.2 1,280 80 (+ 2 below ground)[58] 1996
45 Citymark Centre Shenzhen 388.3 1,274 70 (+ 7 below ground)[59] 2022
46 Shum Yip Upperhills Tower 1 Shum Yip Upperhills Towers2020.jpg 22°33′31″N 114°3′58″E / 22.55861°N 114.06611°E / 22.55861; 114.06611 388.1 1,273 80 (+ 3 below ground)[60] 2020
47 30 Hudson Yards 30 Hudson Yards in 2021.jpg 40°45′31″N 73°59′55″W / 40.75861°N 73.99861°W / 40.75861; -73.99861 New York City  United States 387.1 1,270 73 (+ 1 below ground)[61] 2019
48 Public Investment Fund Tower 24°45′46″N 46°38′25″E / 24.76278°N 46.64028°E / 24.76278; 46.64028 Riyadh  Saudi Arabia 385 1,263 72 (+ 4 below ground) 2021
49 Shun Hing Square Shun Hing Square 2021.jpg 22°32′43″N 114°6′21″E / 22.54528°N 114.10583°E / 22.54528; 114.10583 Shenzhen  China 384 1,260 69 (+ 3 below ground)[62] 1996
50 Eton Place Dalian Tower 1 Eton Place Dalian Tower, Aug2018(cropped).jpg 38°55′3″N 121°37′28″E / 38.91750°N 121.62444°E / 38.91750; 121.62444 Dalian 383.2 1,257 80 (+ 4 below ground)[63] 2016
51 Autograph Tower Autograph Tower, Jakarta, ID – July 2022.png 6°11′55″S 106°49′20″E / 6.19861°S 106.82222°E / -6.19861; 106.82222 Jakarta  Indonesia 382.9 1,256 75 (+ 6 below ground) 2022 [note 4]
52 Logan Century Center 1 22°48′42.2″N 108°23′41.2″E / 22.811722°N 108.394778°E / 22.811722; 108.394778 Nanning  China 381.3 1,251 82 (+ 4 below ground)[65] 2018
53 Burj Mohammed bin Rashid Burj Mohammed Bin Rashid.jpg 24°29′17″N 54°21′23″E / 24.48806°N 54.35639°E / 24.48806; 54.35639 Abu Dhabi  United Arab Emirates 381.2 1,251 88 (+ 5 below ground)[66] 2014
54 Empire State Building Empire State Building cropped.jpg 40°44′54″N 73°59′7″W / 40.74833°N 73.98528°W / 40.74833; -73.98528 New York City  United States 381 1,250 102 (+ 1 below ground)[67] 1931 [note 5]
55 Elite Residence 25°5′22.42″N 55°8′52.40″E / 25.0895611°N 55.1478889°E / 25.0895611; 55.1478889 Dubai  United Arab Emirates 380.5 1,248 87 (+ 4 below ground)[68] 2012
56 Riverview Plaza 30°36′38.8″N 114°18′12.9″E / 30.610778°N 114.303583°E / 30.610778; 114.303583 Wuhan  China 376 1,234 73 (+ 3 below ground)[69] 2021
57 Dabaihui Plaza Dabaihui Plaza in 2021.jpg 22°32′20″N 114°3′32″E / 22.53889°N 114.05889°E / 22.53889; 114.05889 Shenzhen 375.6 1,232 70 (+ 4 below ground) 2021
58 Central Plaza Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre 200906(cropped).jpg 22°16′48″N 114°10′25″E / 22.28000°N 114.17361°E / 22.28000; 114.17361 Hong Kong 373.9 1,227 78 (+ 3 below ground)[70] 1992
59 Federation Tower (East Tower) Federation Tower 2022.jpg 55°44′59.5″N 37°32′16.0″E / 55.749861°N 37.537778°E / 55.749861; 37.537778 Moscow  Russia 373.7 1,226 93 (+ 4 below ground)[71] 2016
60 Dalian International Trade Center Dalian International Trade Center, Aug2018 (cropped).jpg 38°55′10.6″N 121°37′58.8″E / 38.919611°N 121.633000°E / 38.919611; 121.633000 Dalian  China 370.2 1,215 86 (+ 7 below ground)[72] 2019
61 Address Boulevard The Address Boulevard.jpg 25°12′3.28″N 55°16′34.43″E / 25.2009111°N 55.2762306°E / 25.2009111; 55.2762306 Dubai  United Arab Emirates 370 1,214 73 (+ 3 below ground)[73] 2017
62 Haitian Center Tower 2 Qingdao Haitian Center in June 2021.jpg 36°3′23″N 120°21′53″E / 36.05639°N 120.36472°E / 36.05639; 120.36472 Qingdao  China 368.9 1,210 73 (+ 6 below ground)[74] 2021
63 Golden Eagle Tiandi Tower A 南京河西金鹰大楼.jpg 32°1′33.74″N 118°44′5.57″E / 32.0260389°N 118.7348806°E / 32.0260389; 118.7348806 Nanjing 368.1 1,208 77 (+ 4 below ground)[75] 2019
64 Bank of China Tower HK Bank of China Tower 2008 (2).jpg 22°16′45″N 114°9′41″E / 22.27917°N 114.16139°E / 22.27917; 114.16139 Hong Kong 367 1,205 72 (+ 4 below ground)[76] 1990
65 Bank of America Tower Midtown Manhattan and Times Square district 2015 (2).jpg 40°45′19.01″N 73°59′3.01″W / 40.7552806°N 73.9841694°W / 40.7552806; -73.9841694 New York City  United States 365.8 1,200 55 (+ 3 below ground)[77] 2009
66 St. Regis Chicago St.Regis Chicago.jpg 41°53′0″N 87°36′58″W / 41.88333°N 87.61611°W / 41.88333; -87.61611 Chicago 362.9 1,191 92 (+ 5 below ground)[78] 2020
67 Almas Tower Almas Tower.jpg 25°4′7.79″N 55°8′28.07″E / 25.0688306°N 55.1411306°E / 25.0688306; 55.1411306 Dubai  United Arab Emirates 360 1,181 68 (+ 5 below ground)[79] 2008
68 Hanking Center Hanking Center2021.jpg 22°32′44″N 113°56′4″E / 22.54556°N 113.93444°E / 22.54556; 113.93444 Shenzhen  China 358.9 1,177 65 (+ 5 below ground)[80] 2018
69 Greenland Group Suzhou Center[81] 31°8′8.7″N 120°35′2.9″E / 31.135750°N 120.584139°E / 31.135750; 120.584139 Suzhou 358 1,175 77 (+ 3 below ground)[82] 2022
70 Gevora Hotel Gevora Hotel.jpg 25°12′45.07″N 55°16′36.52″E / 25.2125194°N 55.2768111°E / 25.2125194; 55.2768111 Dubai  United Arab Emirates 356.3 1,169 75 (+ 2 below ground)[83] 2017
71 Galaxy World Tower 1[84] 22°36′26.03″N 114°3′25.06″E / 22.6072306°N 114.0569611°E / 22.6072306; 114.0569611 Shenzhen  China 356 1,168 71 (+ 5 below ground) 2023
Galaxy World Tower 2[85] 22°36′26.6″N 114°3′20.9″E / 22.607389°N 114.055806°E / 22.607389; 114.055806
Il Primo Tower[86] 25°11′46″N 55°16′19″E / 25.19611°N 55.27194°E / 25.19611; 55.27194 Dubai  United Arab Emirates 356 1,168 79 2022
73 JW Marriott Marquis Dubai Tower 1 JW Marriott Marquis Dubai2.jpg 25°11′9.6″N 55°15′30.4″E / 25.186000°N 55.258444°E / 25.186000; 55.258444 355.4 1,166 82 (+ 2 below ground)[87][88] 2012
JW Marriott Marquis Dubai Tower 2 25°11′7.1″N 55°15′28.0″E / 25.185306°N 55.257778°E / 25.185306; 55.257778 2013
75 Emirates Office Tower 25°13′3″N 55°17′0″E / 25.21750°N 55.28333°E / 25.21750; 55.28333 354.6 1,163 54[89] 2000
76 Raffles City Chongqing T3N Raffles City Chongqing from Yangtze River(cropped).jpg 29°34′5.6″N 106°35′1.5″E / 29.568222°N 106.583750°E / 29.568222; 106.583750 Chongqing  China 354.5 1,163 79 (+ 3 below ground)[90] 2019
Raffles City Chongqing T4N 74 (+ 3 below ground)[91]
77 OKO – South Tower Oko towers1.jpg 55°44′57.7″N 37°32′2.7″E / 55.749361°N 37.534083°E / 55.749361; 37.534083 Moscow  Russia 354.2 1,162 90 (+ 2 below ground)[92] 2015
78 The Marina Torch The Marina Torch.jpg 25°5′16.73″N 55°8′50.75″E / 25.0879806°N 55.1474306°E / 25.0879806; 55.1474306 Dubai  United Arab Emirates 352 1,155 86 (+ 4 below ground)[93] 2011
79 Forum 66 Tower 1 Forum 66, Shenyang, Oct2014.png 41°47′58″N 123°25′39″E / 41.79944°N 123.42750°E / 41.79944; 123.42750 Shenyang  China 350.6 1,150 68 (+ 4 below ground)[94] 2015
80 The Pinnacle 花城汇 音乐喷泉 (2013-10-26) - panoramio Pinnacle(cropped).jpg 23°7′40.1″N 113°19′4.8″E / 23.127806°N 113.318000°E / 23.127806; 113.318000 Guangzhou 350.3 1,149 60 (+ 6 below ground)[95] 2012
81 Xi'an Glory International Financial Center 34°11′40.92″N 108°52′40.30″E / 34.1947000°N 108.8778611°E / 34.1947000; 108.8778611 Xi'an 350 1,148 75 (+ 4 below ground)[96] 2021
82 Spring City 66 昆明市恒隆广场02(cropped).jpg Kunming 349 1,145 61 (+ 4 below ground)[97] 2020
83 85 Sky Tower Kaohsiung Taiwan Kaohsiung-85-Building-01.jpg Kaoshiung  Taiwan 347.5 1,140 85 (+ 5 below ground)[98] 1997
84 Aon Center Aon Center 2014.jpg Chicago  United States 346.3 1,136 83 (+ 5 below ground)[99] 1973
85 The Center The Center 2018.jpg Hong Kong  China 346 1,135 73 (+ 3 below ground)[100] 1998
86 Neva Tower 2 Neva Towers 2022(cropped).jpg Moscow  Russia 345 1,132 79 (+ 3 below ground)[101] 2020
87 875 North Michigan Avenue (formerly John Hancock Center) John Hancock Center viewed from Navy Pier(cropped).jpg Chicago  United States 343.7 1,128 100 (+ 1 below ground)[102] 1969
88 Shimao Global Financial Center Shimao Global Financial Center.jpg Changsha  China 343 1,125 74 (+ 4 below ground)[103] 2020
89 Four Seasons Place Kuala Lumpur Four Seasons Place as seen from Vipod Residences (rotate).jpg Kuala Lumpur  Malaysia 342.5 1,124 75 (+ 4 below ground)[104] 2018
90 ADNOC Headquarters Abu Dhabi  United Arab Emirates 342 1,122 65 (+ 2 below ground)[105] 2015
91 One Shenzhen Bay Tower 7 Peng Rui One Shenzhen Bay2021.jpg Shenzhen  China 341.4 1,120 71 (+ 3 below ground)[106] 2018
List of tallest buildings is located in Earth
Burj KhalifaBurj Khalif
Burj KhalifaBurj Khalif
Merdeka 118
Merdeka 118
Shanghai Tower
Shanghai Tower
braj Al BaitAbraj Al Bait
braj Al BaitAbraj Al Bait
↖︎Ping An IFC
↖︎Ping An IFC
Lotte World Tower
Lotte World Tower
One WTC
One WTC
Guangzhou CTF FC↘︎
Guangzhou CTF FC↘︎
↙︎Tianjin CTF FC
↙︎Tianjin CTF FC
China Zun →
China Zun →
Taipei 101
Taipei 101
Buildings taller than 500 m and their locations

Alternative measurements

Height to pinnacle (highest point)

Tallest buildings by pinnacle height, including all masts, poles, antennae, etc. in 2014

This measurement disregards distinctions between architectural and non-architectural extensions, and simply measures to the highest point, irrespective of material or function of the highest element.[10]

This measurement is useful for air traffic obstacle determinations, and is also a wholly objective measure. However, this measurement includes extensions that are easily added, removed, and modified from a building and are independent of the overall structure.

This measurement only recently came into use, when the Petronas Towers passed the Sears Tower (now named Willis Tower) in height. The former was considered taller because its spires were considered architectural, while the latter's antennae were not. This led to the split of definitions, with the Sears Tower claiming the lead in this and the height-to-roof (now highest occupied floor) categories, and with the Petronas claiming the lead in the architectural height category.

If the World Trade Center towers were still standing, the North (1,368 feet (417 m)) and South Towers (1,362 feet (415.1 m)) would fall between numbers 35 and 36 on the current list (it can be assumed the rebuilt One World Trade Center would have never been built).

Denotes building with pinnacle height higher than architectural
Rank Building City Country Height Floors Built
1 Burj Khalifa Dubai  United Arab Emirates 829.8 m 2,722 ft 163 2010
2 Merdeka 118 Kuala Lumpur  Malaysia 680.1 m 2,231 ft 118 2022
3 Shanghai Tower Shanghai  China 632 m 2,073 ft 128 2015
4 Abraj Al-Bait Towers Mecca  Saudi Arabia 601 m 1,971 ft 120 2012
5 Ping An Finance Center Shenzhen  China 599.1 m 1,965 ft 115 2016
6 Lotte World Tower Seoul  South Korea 555.7 m 1,823 ft 123 2016
7 One World Trade Center New York City  United States 546.2 m 1,792 ft 104 2014
8 Tianjin CTF Finance Centre Tianjin  China 530.4 m 1,740 ft 98 2019
9 Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre Guangzhou  China 530 m 1,739 ft 111 2016
10 China Zun Beijing  China 528 m 1,732 ft 108 2018
11 Willis Tower Chicago  United States 527 m 1,729 ft 108 1974
12 Taipei 101 Taipei  Taiwan 508 m 1,667 ft 101 2004
13 Shanghai World Financial Center Shanghai  China 494.3 m 1,622 ft 101 2008
14 International Commerce Centre Hong Kong  China 484 m 1,588 ft 118 2010
15 Wuhan Greenland Center Wuhan  China 475.6 m 1,560 ft 97 2021
16 Central Park Tower New York City  United States 472.4 m 1,550 ft 98 2020
17 Landmark 81 Ho Chi Minh City  Vietnam 469.5 m 1,540 ft 81 2018
18 Lakhta Center St. Petersburg  Russia 462 m 1,516 ft 86 2019
19 International Land-Sea Center Chongqing  China 458.2 m 1,503 ft 98 2022
20 John Hancock Center Chicago  United States 456.9 m 1,499 ft 100 1969
21 The Exchange 106 Kuala Lumpur  Malaysia 453.6 m 1,488 ft 95 2019
22 Changsha IFS Tower T1 Changsha  China 452.1 m 1,483 ft 94 2018
23 Petronas Tower 1 Kuala Lumpur  Malaysia 451.9 m 1,483 ft 88 1998
23 Petronas Tower 2 Kuala Lumpur  Malaysia 451.9 m 1,483 ft 88 1998
25 Zifeng Tower Nanjing  China 450 m 1,476 ft 89 2010
25 Suzhou IFS Suzhou  China 450 m 1,476 ft 98 2019
27 Empire State Building New York City  United States 443.2 m 1,454 ft 102 1931
28 Kingkey 100 Shenzhen  China 441.8 m 1,449 ft 100 2011
29 Guangzhou International Finance Center Guangzhou  China 438.6 m 1,445 ft 103 2009
30 Wuhan Center Wuhan  China 438 m 1,437 ft 88 2019
31 111 West 57th Street New York City  United States 435.3 m 1,428 ft 82 2020
32 Dongguan International Trade Center 1 Dongguan  China 426.9 m 1,401 ft 88 2020
33 One Vanderbilt New York City  United States 427 m 1,401 ft 58 2020
34 432 Park Avenue New York City  United States 425.5 m 1,396 ft 85 2015
35 Marina 101 Dubai  United Arab Emirates 425 m 1,394 ft 101 2017
36 Trump International Hotel and Tower Chicago  United States 423.2 m 1,388 ft 96 2009
37 Jin Mao Tower Shanghai  China 421 m 1,381 ft 88 1998
38 Princess Tower Dubai  United Arab Emirates 414 m 1,358 ft 101 2012
39 Al Hamra Tower Kuwait City  Kuwait 412.6 m 1,354 ft 80 2010
40 Two International Finance Centre Hong Kong  China 412 m 1,352 ft 88 2003
41 Haeundae LCT The Sharp Landmark Tower Busan  South Korea 411.6 m 1,350 ft 101 2019
42 Guangxi China Resources Tower Nanning  China 402.7 m 1,321 ft 85 2019
43 Guiyang Financial Center Tower 1[54] Guiyang  China 401 m 1,316 ft 79 2021

Height to occupied floor

Tallest buildings by highest occupied floor in 2022.

This height is measured to the highest occupiable floor within the building.[10]

Rank Building City Country Height Floors Built
1 Burj Khalifa Dubai  United Arab Emirates 585.4 m (1,921 ft) 163 2010
2 Shanghai Tower Shanghai  China 583.4 m (1,914 ft) 128 2015
3 Ping An Finance Center Shenzhen  China 562.2 m (1,844 ft) 115 2016
4 China Zun Beijing  China 515.5 m (1,691 ft) 108 2018
5 Merdeka 118 Kuala Lumpur  Malaysia 502.8 m (1,650 ft) 118 2023
6 Lotte World Tower Seoul  South Korea 497.6 m (1,633 ft) 123 2016
7 Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre Guangzhou  China 495.5 m (1,626 ft) 111 2016
8 Abraj Al-Bait Towers Mecca  Saudi Arabia 494.4 m (1,622 ft) 120 2012
9 Shanghai World Financial Center Shanghai  China 474 m (1,555 ft) 101 2008
10 International Commerce Centre Hong Kong  China 468.8 m (1,538 ft) 118 2010
11 Tianjin CTF Finance Centre Tianjin  China 439.4 m (1,442 ft) 97 2018
12 Taipei 101 Taipei  Taiwan 438 m (1,437 ft) 101 2004
13 Central Park Tower New York City  United States 431.8 m (1,417 ft) 98 2020
14 Changsha IFS Tower T1 Changsha  China 431 m (1,414 ft) 94 2017
15 International Land-Sea Center Chongqing  China 429.8 m (1,410 ft) 98 2022
16 KK100 Shenzhen  China 427.1 m (1,401 ft) 98 2011
17 Guangzhou International Finance Center Guangzhou  China 415.1 m (1,362 ft) 101 2010
18 Willis Tower Chicago  United States 412.7 m (1,354 ft) 108 1974

Buildings under construction

This is a list of buildings taller than 350 m that are currently under construction.[107] On-hold buildings whose construction was interrupted after it had reached a significantly advanced state are also listed.

Building Planned architectural height Floors Planned completion Country City Ref.
Jeddah Tower[note 6] 1,000 m (3,300 ft) 167+ ?  Saudi Arabia Jeddah [109]
Goldin Finance 117[note 7] 597 m (1,959 ft) 117 ?  China Tianjin
The Line 500 m (1,600 ft) ? ?  Saudi Arabia Neom [110]
Greenland Jinmao International Financial Center 499.8 m (1,640 ft) 102 2025  China Nanjing [111]
Suzhou Zhongnan Center 499.2 m (1,638 ft) 103 2025  China Suzhou [112]
HeXi Yuzui Tower A 498.8 m (1,636 ft) 84 2025  China Nanjing [113]
Greenland Centre 498 m (1,634 ft) 108 2025  China Xi'an [114]
Fuyuan Zhongshan 108 IFC 498 m (1,634 ft) 101 2029  China Zhongshan [115]
Tianfu Center 488.9 m (1,604 ft) 95 2026  China Chengdu [116]
Chushang Building 475 m (1,558 ft) 111 2025  China Wuhan [117]
Wuhan CTF Centre 475 m (1,558 ft) 84 2026  China Wuhan [118]
Fosun Bund Center T1 470 m (1,540 ft) ? ?  China Wuhan [119]
Suzhou Center North Tower 470 m (1,540 ft) ? 2024  China Suzhou [120]
Chengdu Greenland Tower 468 m (1,535 ft) 101 2024  China Chengdu [121]
Guohua Financial Center Tower 1 465 m (1,526 ft) 79 ?  China Wuhan [122]
Tianshan Gate of the World 450 m (1,480 ft) 106 2025  China Shijiazhuang [123]
China Resources Land Center 450 m (1,480 ft) 98 ?  China Dongguan [124]
One Bangkok 436.1 m (1,431 ft) 92 2025  Thailand Bangkok [125]
Greenland Shandong International Financial Center[note 7] 428 m (1,404 ft) 88 2023  China Jinan [126]
Greenland Center Tower 1 428 m (1,404 ft) ? ? Kunming [127]
Nanjing Financial City Tower 1 426 m (1,398 ft) 88 2024 Nanjing [128]
JPMorgan Chase Building 423 m (1,388 ft) 63 2025  United States New York City [129]
Ningbo Center Tower 1 409 m (1,342 ft) 80 2024  China Ningbo [130]
Dongfeng Plaza Landmark Tower 407 m (1,335 ft) 100 2024  China Kunming [131]
Wuhan Yangtze River Center Tower 400 m (1,300 ft) 82 2025  China Wuhan [132]
Mukaab 400 m (1,300 ft) ? 2030  Saudi Arabia Riyadh
Hangzhou West Railway Station Hub Tower 1 399.8 m (1,312 ft) 83 ?  China Hangzhou [133]
Shenzhen Bay Super Headquarters Base Tower C-1 394 m (1,293 ft) 78 2027  China Shenzhen [134]
Evergrande Center 393.9 m (1,292 ft) 71 2024  China Shenzhen [135]
Iconic Tower[note 7] 393.8 m (1,292 ft) 77 2023  Egypt Cairo [136]
Haiyun Plaza Tower 1 390 m (1,280 ft) 86 2024  China Rizhao [137]
Citymark Center[note 7] 388.3 m (1,274 ft) 70 2022  China Shenzhen
China Merchants Bank Headquarters Tower 1 387.4 m (1,271 ft) 74 ?  China Shenzhen [138]
Tour F 385.8 m (1,266 ft) 64 ?  Ivory Coast Abidjan [139]
Icon Towers 1 384 m (1,260 ft) 77 2029  Indonesia Jakarta [140]
Shekou Prince Bay Tower 380 m (1,250 ft) 70 ?  China Shenzhen [141]
Shenzhen Luohu Friendship Trading Centre 379.9 m (1,246 ft) 83 ?  China Shenzhen [142]
Greenland Star City Light Tower 379.9 m (1,246 ft) 83 2025  China Changsha [143]
Guangdong Business Center 375.5 m (1,232 ft) 60 2024  China Guangzhou [144]
China Merchants Prince Bay Tower 374 m (1,227 ft) 59 2028  China Shenzhen [145]
Ping An IFC 373 m (1,224 ft) ? ?  China Nanchang [146]
Shanghai International Trade Center Tower 1 370 m (1,210 ft) 67 2024  China Shanghai [147]
Lucheng Square 369 m (1,211 ft) 75 ?  China Wenzhou [148]
Taipei Twin Tower 1 369 m (1,211 ft) 74 2027  Taiwan Taipei
Hengli Global Operations Headquarters Tower 1 369 m (1,211 ft) ? 2024  China Suzhou [149]
Ciel Tower 365.5 m (1,199 ft) 81 2023  UAE Dubai [150]
Ping An Finance Center Tower 1[note 7] 360 m (1,180 ft) 74 2023  China Jinan [151]
Huiyun Center[note 7] 359.2 m (1,178 ft) 80 2022  China Shenzhen [152]
Fosun Bund Center T2 356 m (1,168 ft) ? ?  China Wuhan [153]
Shenzhen Bay Super Headquarters Base Tower C-2 355.7 m (1,167 ft) 68 2027  China Shenzhen [154]
Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey Building 352 m (1,155 ft) 59 ?  Turkey Istanbul [155]
Guohong Center 350 m (1,150 ft) 71 2025  China Wenzhou [156]
Guowei ZY Plaza 350 m (1,150 ft) 62 ?  China Zhuhai [157]
China Resources Huafu Tower 350 m (1,150 ft) ? ?  China Shenzhen [158]
Global Port Tower 1 350 m (1,150 ft) ? 2024  China Lanzhou [159]
Global Port Tower 2 350 m (1,150 ft) ? 2024  China Lanzhou [160]
Poly Liangxi Plaza 350 m (1,150 ft) ? ?  China Foshan [161]

List by continent

The following list shows the tallest completed buildings located on each continent listed by greatest to least height (click on name of continent for continent-specific list):

Continent Building Height Floor count Completed Country City
Asia Burj Khalifa 828 m (2,717 ft) 163 2010  United Arab Emirates Dubai
North America One World Trade Center 541.3 m (1,776 ft) 94 2014  United States New York City
Europe Lakhta Center 462 m (1,516 ft) 86 2018  Russia Saint Petersburg
Africa Iconic Tower[citation needed] 393.8 m (1,292 ft) 77 2023  Egypt New Administrative Capital
Oceania Q1 323 m (1,060 ft) 78 2005  Australia Gold Coast
South America Gran Torre Santiago[162] 300 m (980 ft) 64 2012  Chile Santiago
Antarctica Long Duration Balloon (LDB) Payload Preparation Buildings[163][164] 15 m (49 ft) 1 2005 - McMurdo Station

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The world's tallest building from 2004 to 2010
  2. ^ World's tallest buildings from 1998 to 2004
  3. ^ Formerly known, and still commonly referred to, as the Sears Tower; world's tallest building from 1974 to 1998
  4. ^ Tallest building in the Southern Hemisphere[64]
  5. ^ World's tallest building from 1931 to 1972
  6. ^ Marked as under Construction by CTBUH, on-hold according to other sources[108]
  7. ^ a b c d e f Structurally Topped Out

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  140. ^ icon tower
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External links