Mannlicher M1888

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Repeating Rifle Muster 1888
Mannlicher M1888 rifle, from the collections of the Swedish Army Museum.
TypeBolt-action rifle
Place of originAustria-Hungary
Service history
In service1888–1949
Used bySee Users
WarsChilean Civil War[1]
First Sino-Japanese War
Philippine Revolution[2]
International intervention on the island of Crete
Boxer Rebellion
Second Boer War
Xinhai Revolution
First Balkan War
Second Balkan War
World War I
Russian Civil War[3]
Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia
Revolutions and interventions in Hungary
Hungarian–Czechoslovak War
Polish–Ukrainian War
Retaking of Czech Borderland (1918-1919)
Polish–Czechoslovak War
Polish–Soviet War[4]
Greco-Turkish War[disambiguation needed][5]
Pacification of Libya[6]
Second Italo-Ethiopian War[7][8]
Spanish Civil War[9]
Sudeten German uprising 1938
World War II (limited)
Greek Civil War[10]
Israel's War of Independence[11]
Production history
DesignerFerdinand von Mannlicher
Designed1887–1888
ManufacturerSteyr-Mannlicher, Fegyver És Gépgyár
Produced1888–1896
No. built1,095,000
VariantsM1888-90, M1888-95, M1888/24[12]
Specifications (M88)
Mass4.41 kg (9.7 lb)
Length1,280 mm (50 in)
Barrel length765 mm (30.1 in)
CartridgeM88 8×52mmR
M88-90 and M88-95: 8×50mmR
M88/24: 8×57mm IS
ActionStraight-pull bolt action
Muzzle velocity530 metres per second (1,700 ft/s) with M1888 ball cartridge
Feed system5-round en-bloc clip (stripper clip in M88/24), integral box magazine
SightsIron sights

The Repeating Rifle Mannlicher 1888 better known as Mannlicher M1888 was a bolt-action rifle used by several armies from 1888 to 1945. Derived from the M1885 and later M1886 models, it was Ferdinand Mannlicher's third rifle that utilized the "enbloc clip".

It was succeeded by the Mannlicher M1895 as the standard service rifle of the Austro-Hungarian Army. The M95 uses a more secure rotating-bolt, in contrast to the M88's wedge-lock bolt.

History

Mannlicher M1888 mechanism.

The M1888 was a direct and immediate descendant of the M1886 Austrian Mannlicher. This rifle too was a straight-pull, bolt-action, box magazine repeater. As early as the beginning of production of the M1886 the need and desirability for a small-bore rifle was evident. This rifle is virtually identical to its predecessor but for chambering a newly designed 8 mm cartridge, loaded originally with black powder and denominated 8×52mmR.

A Slovene soldier of the Austro-Hungarian Common Army posing with his M1888 service rifle and fixed bayonet.

M1888-90 rifle

Shortly thereafter, the M88 cartridge was converted to semi-smokeless powder. The new cartridge was designated 8mm M.1890 scharfe Patrone and its dimensions were 8×50mmR. The sights of existing black powder 8mm Mannlicher rifles were converted to accommodate semi-smokeless ammunition by the functional arrangement of screw mounting re-graduated sideplates onto the outsides of the existing rear sight walls. The converted rifles were denominated M.88–90.

M1890 rifle

Not to be confused with Mannlicher M1890 Carbine.

When in 1890 semi-smokeless powder became available, manufacture of rifles with a longer and thus stronger chamber and modified sights began. Although the smokeless powder filled M.93 8×50mmR cartridge can be used in this rifle, the generated pressure at 40,000 psi (275.8 MPa) is marginal, as the wedge-lock bolt system this rifle uses was originally designed to be shot with less potent black powder filled 11×58mmR ammunution.

Kuaili 1888 Kiangnan Rifle 7.62x55

China also used this rifle extensively during the Qing dynasty and the Republican era. China first bought Mannlicher 88 rifles before the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894–1895 and after that started production of the unlicensed Kuaili 1888 Kiangnan copy.[13][14]

Users

References

  1. ^ a b "Fucile Mannlicher 1888". Euroarms.net. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
  2. ^ a b citation?
  3. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 18 September 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ^ "Broń strzelecka polskiego wojska w wojnie polsko-bolszewickiej". ossow1920.pl.
  5. ^ a b "Weapons Of The Greco-Turkish War Part 1Guns Magazine.com - Guns Magazine.com". gunsmagazine.com. Archived from the original on 5 October 2015. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  6. ^ a b c d e "M88/90 Mannlicher find. AOI and British?". forums.gunboards.com.[unreliable source?]
  7. ^ Nicolle, David (20 July 2012). The Italian Invasion of Abyssinia 1935–36. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781782001324 – via Google Books.
  8. ^ Joseph, Frank (6 May 2010). Mussolini's War: Fascist Italy's Military Struggles from Africa and Western Europe to the Mediterranean and Soviet Union 1935-45. Helion and Company. ISBN 9781906033569 – via Google Books.
  9. ^ "Spanishcivilwar1".
  10. ^ a b "Part I of the greek civil war the first battles of the "cold war": partisan groups in Greece were as eager or more to fight each other as the Germans. Even before the Nazis were gone, civil war was underway. - Free Online Library". www.thefreelibrary.com.
  11. ^ [1] Archived 17 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ "Вход". gunbg.com.
  13. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 27 March 2015. Retrieved 31 May 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  14. ^ "Info" (PDF). www.mh.sinica.edu.tw.
  15. ^ "6 Rifles Used by the Afrikaners During the Second Boer War". 17 April 2017.
  16. ^ "Antique 1886 Austrian Chinese Marked". www.aagaines.com.
  17. ^ Philip S. Jowett (2010). Chinese Warlord Armies, 1911–30. Osprey Publishing. pp. 43–. ISBN 978-1-84908-402-4.
  18. ^ John Walter (25 March 2006). Rifles of the World. Krause Publications. pp. 263–271. ISBN 0-89689-241-7. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
  19. ^ Robert W.D. Ball (2 August 2011). Mauser Military Rifles of the World. Gun Digest Books. p. 127. ISBN 978-1-4402-1544-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  20. ^ "Small arms of the Deutscher Volkssturm part I: Nazi leaders, many of whom already had their tickets punched for Argentina, preached last-ditch resistance to the German people, and provided a motley assortment of tools for the purpose. - Free Online Library". www.thefreelibrary.com.
  21. ^ "Israeli Small Arms IDF issue weapons [Archive] - UZI Talk Forums". www.uzitalk.com.[unreliable source?]
  22. ^ "Mannlicher 88/90 stock markings".[unreliable source?]
  23. ^ "Italian Mannlicher M95 Rifle and Carbine".
  24. ^ Philip Jowett (20 March 2012). Armies of the Balkan Wars 1912-13: The priming charge for the Great War. Osprey Publishing. p. 24. ISBN 978-1-78096-528-4.
  25. ^ "Tribute to Michael Kreca: The Rifles of Yugoslavia and Serbia". tributetomichaelkreca.blogspot.cz.
  26. ^ "Bayonets of Siam (Thailand)". worldbayonets.com.
  27. ^ Scarlata, Paul (September 2013). "Siamese Thai: Military Rifle cartridges". Shotgun News – via thefreelibrary.com.
  28. ^ de Quesada, Alejandro (20 January 2015). The Spanish Civil War 1936–39 (2): Republican Forces. Men-at-Arms 498. Osprey Publishing. p. 38. ISBN 9781782007852.
  29. ^ "Small arms of the Spanish Civil War" (PDF). www.forgottenweapons.com.
  30. ^ ""AOI"-marked Mannlicher M1888 and the Meaning of "St. 91"". forums.gunboards.com.[unreliable source?]
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