Mary Wright (designer)

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Mary Wright
Black and white photograph of a women in a dark blouse, whose head is turned to the left, seated in a director's chair who has a cigarette in her right hand and whose left hand is resting on a blueprint in her lap.
Wright in the 1940s
Born
Mary Small Einstein

(1904-12-13)December 13, 1904
New York City, US
DiedSeptember 15, 1952(1952-09-15) (aged 47)
New York City, US
Education
Occupations
  • Designer
  • author
Known forIndustrial and product design; marketing
Notable workWright Accessories; American Modern
StyleAmerican modernism
Spouse
​
(m. 1927)​
Children1

Mary Small Einstein Wright (December 13, 1904 – September 15, 1952) was an American designer, sculptor, author and businesswoman who worked to "shape modern American lifestyle".[1]

Wright and her husband Russel Wright co-founded the design business, Wright Accessories Inc., where she served as vice-president, factory supervisor and oversaw publicity, marketing, and promotion. She was a founder of America Designs Inc., an organization that supported the works of American industrial designers.[2] Wright co-authored the best-selling book Guide to Easier Living that proposed lifestyle choices were analogous to "engineering problems with scientific solutions".[3]

Early life[edit]

Wright was born in Manhattan to a well-to-do family who owned textile mills. Her father was Milton I.D. Einstein who served as chairman of the board of Patchogue Plymouth Mills, a lace mill on Long Island. Her mother was Alma Stix Einstein.[2] She was a relative of Albert Einstein.[4]

Wright studied sculpture with the avant-garde artist Alexander Archipenko.[5] She attended the Ethical Culture School in Manhattan and later attended Cornell University.[2]

Career[edit]

Photograph of an aluminum and wood coffee urn by Wright Assessories, 1935
Wright Accessories Spun Aluminum Coffee Urn with wood details, ca. 1935
Photograph of an arrangement of American Modern pottery in chartreuse
Wright American Modern pottery

In 1929, Wright and her husband co-founded the design business Wright Accessories Inc. where she served as vice-president, factory supervisor and oversaw publicity and promotion.[2] The Wrights opened a studio in a former stable on East 35th Street in New York City.[2] The company produced informal serving accessories made of spun aluminum, wood and other materials. The Spun Aluminum line was produced in the 35th Street studio that Mary organized, converting it into small-scale metal factory. She created an extensive sales program with hand-rendered advertisements for which she wrote the copy.[4] The firm also produced small cast-metal animals.[6] According to the Smithsonian book, Russel Wright: Creating American Lifestyle, Mary encouraged Russel to establish himself in the industrial design field.[7]

In 1935, Mary Wright coined the term "blond" to describe the light-colored maple wood that was used in Wright furniture and accessories.[8][9]

In 1936, Mary and Russel Wright partnered with Irving Richards; the three founded Raymor Company, of which Mary was a part-owner. She and Richards wrote a "set of textbook principles" for marketing and advertising.[4]

The American Modern line was the Wrights' most successful product line of dishware designed for everyday use. American Modern was first produced in 1939 and by 1959 200 million pieces had been sold.[8][10] The Wrights' "intuitive, humanist design and marketing savvy built a lifestyle empire that modernized the American home, popularizing ideas of open-plan layouts and outdoor living."[10]

Wright collaborated with her husband to design modern tableware.[2] Mary Wright ran the business and was responsible for marketing their products including furniture and dinnerware.[11] She also created "stage sets" in department stores to display their homeware designs as essential components of a distinctly American informal lifestyle.[12]

Mary Wright was a founder of America Designs Inc. and also served as secretary. The organization supported the works of American industrial designers.[2] In 1940, with the guidance of Eleanor Roosevelt, Mary and Russel Wright launched an ambitious marketing program, American Way, at Macy's department store in New York. The American Way agenda promoted the work of designers and artisans with the goal to mass-produce and nationally market original design work by Americans.[13]

Country Gardens[edit]

In 1946, Mary Wright created her own ensemble of dinnerware inspired by Asian design named Country Gardens for the Bauer Pottery Company in Atlanta and Los Angeles. Country Gardens was made in earthenware, glazed in mottled green, pink, brown, beige and white and exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art. She developed her own glazes with the assistance of Doris Coutant.[14][2] Bauer used machine-made glazes and had difficulty reproducing the glazes to the specifications of Wright and Coutant.[4]

Guide to Easier Living[edit]

Photograph of bookcover for Guide to Easier Living, yellow background with red and black text and line drawings
Guide to Easier Living

Mary Wright co-authored the best-selling book Guide to Easier Living (1950) with Russel Wright. The book, sometimes called their manifesto,[3] describes ways to increase leisure time and reduce housework through efficient design and time management. The main thesis of the book was that "formality is not necessary for beauty."[6]

In the chapter, The Housewife-Engineer, the authors encouraged their readers to analyze and perform time-and-motion studies involved in ordinary household tasks such as making beds, peeling potatoes and housecleaning. They wrote that the home is a "small industry, and every housewife its production engineer."[11] Guide to Easier Living proposed that lifestyle choices were analogous to "engineering problems with scientific solutions". It included a chart illustrating 32 steps involved in "scientific bedmaking".[3]

The book suggested modern ways of living for middle-class families, such as open plan living and easy entertaining. The Wrights offered ways to spend less time on labor-intensive chores such as cooking and cleaning, leaving more leisure time to spend together.[15] Mary Wright's ideas in the highly illustrated how-to guide paralleled the mid-century post-war shift from urban to suburban living.[16]

Personal life[edit]

Wright married the American industrial designer Russel Wright in 1927, in Woodstock, New York, where they were both involved in the Maverick Festival and artist colony, Russel in designing and directing, and Mary was studying sculpture.[17][18] The couple lived in a triplex penthouse on Park Avenue, and divided their time between their Manhattan home and an 80-acre estate, Dragon Rock at Manitoga, in Garrison, New York.[3] The Wrights purchased the Manitoga property in 1942.[8]

Mary and Russel Wright adopted a daughter named Annie. Mary Wright died of cancer in 1952 at the age of 47, at the Wright's townhome 221 East 48th Street, New York.[2] Her daughter Annie, who was 2 years old at the time of Wright's death, was raised by her father.[19]

Legacy[edit]

In 2021 the Russel and Mary Wright Design Gallery[1] was established at Manitoga in upstate New York. The gallery shows how the "Wrights shaped modern American lifestyle".[1][20]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Mary Wright Dies; Author, Designer". The New York Times. Retrieved October 28, 2021. (subscription required)
  2. ^ a b c d Iovine, Julie V. (November 15, 2001). "The Place Setting As Life's Cure-All". The New York Times. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d Kerr, Ann (2002). Collector's Encyclopedia of Russel Wright. Collector's Books/Shroeder Publishing, Inc. pp. 243–254.
  4. ^ The Power Of Two, Mary Einstein Wright & Russel Wright. Garrison, NY: Garrison Art Center. 2015. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  5. ^ a b Pilgrim, Dianne H. "A Singular Artist". Manitoga: The Russel Wright Design Center. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  6. ^ Albrecht, Schonfeld, Shapiro (2001), p. 14: "It was Mary who propelled Wright into the field of industrial design.
  7. ^ a b c "Timeline". The Russel Wright Design Center. Manitoga. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  8. ^ Albrecht, Schonfeld, Shapiro (2001), p.31
  9. ^ a b Sisson, Patrick (September 9, 2015). "How Designer Russel Wright and His Midcentury Estate Forecasted the American Home". Curbed. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  10. ^ a b Albrecht, Donald; Schonfeld, Robert; Shapiro, Lindsay Stamm (2001). Russel Wright: creating American lifestyle. Smithsonian Institution and Harry N. Abrams, Inc. ISBN 0-8109-3278-4.
  11. ^ Huppatz, D.J. (2013). "Revisiting Russel Wright's Manitoga". Landscape Journal. 32 (1): 19–34. doi:10.3368/lj.32.1.19. JSTOR 43323922. S2CID 110123095. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  12. ^ Havenhand, Lucinda Kaukas (2019). Mid-Century Modern Interiors The Ideas that Shaped Interior Design in America. Bloomsburg Publishing. p. 18. ISBN 9781350045729. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  13. ^ Albrecht, Schonfeld, Shapiro (2001), pgs. 38–39
  14. ^ Lampard, Amanda (May 3, 2013). "Domestic Living Through Russel Wright". ArtNet News. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
  15. ^ Buchanan, Mel (May 28, 2020). "Object Lesson: "Saturn" punch service by Russel Wright". New Orleans Museum of Art. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
  16. ^ "Maverick Festival Personalities". SUNY New Paltz. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  17. ^ Rooney, Alison (September 19, 2015). Early Work of Mary and Russel Wright at Garrison Art Center. The Highlands Current. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
  18. ^ Leavitt, David L. "The Origin of Dragon Rock". Manitoga. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  19. ^ LaDuke, Sarah. "The Russel & Mary Wright Design Gallery Now Open At Manitoga". WAMC – Northeast Public Radio. Retrieved October 29, 2021.

Further reading[edit]

  • Golub, Jennifer. Russel and Mary Wright: Dragon Rock at Manitoga, Princeton Architectural Press, (2021). ISBN 9781648960192
  • Havenhand, Lucinda Kaukas. Mid-Century Modern Interiors The Ideas that Shaped Interior Design in America, Bloomsbury Publishing (2019). ISBN 9781350045729. See chapter 1: Russel and Mary Wright: Nostaligic Modern and the "American Way of Life"
  • Wright, Mary and Russel. Guide to Easier Living, Simon and Schuster (1950) ISBN 9781586852108
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