Miss America (Marvel Comics)
Miss America Ms. America | |
---|---|
Publisher | Marvel Comics |
First appearance | Marvel Mystery Comics (September 1943) |
Created by | Otto Binder (writer) Al Gabriele (art) |
Characters | List
|
Miss America | |
Series publication information | |
Publisher | Marvel Comics |
Format | List
|
Publication date | List
|
Number of issues | List
|
Main character(s) | List
|
Creative team | |
Writer(s) | List
|
Penciller(s) | List
|
Inker(s) | List
|
Letterer(s) | List
|
Colorist(s) | List
|
Editor(s) | List
|
Miss America (also spelt as Ms. America) is the name of several superheroines appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The first incarnation of Miss America, Madeline Joyce, first appeared in Marvel Mystery Comics #49 (September 1943).[1] The second incarnation, Erika Kelley, debuted in Avengers: The Initiative Annual #1 (December 2007). The third incarnation, America Chavez, made her first appearance in Vengeance #1 (September 2011).[2]
Development
[edit]Concept and creation
[edit]Comic book publishers tried to explore new types of stories, characters, and audiences, since superheroes began to fade out of fashion in the post-World War II era. Comic companies started introducing more female superheroes in an attempt to appeal to young female readers.[3] American comic book publisher Timely Comics released Marvel Mystery Comics #49 (September 1943) featuring a new superheroine known as Miss America.[4] According to American author Jess Nevins and his Encyclopedia of Golden Age Superheroes, Miss America "fights ordinary criminals, Axis agents, Baron Shinto the Gouger, the murderous teen the Cherub, King Cobra, and the human electric eel the Shocker."[5]
Publication history
[edit]Miss America
[edit]Madeline Joyce received the Miss America Comics #1 (May 1944) one-shot, her first solo comic book.[6] According to some sources, illustrator Ken Bald served as the cover and interior artist, although Vincent Fago, interim editor of Timely Comics for the drafted writer Stan Lee, asserted, "I hired a friend from the animation business, Pauline Loth, and she did the art for the first Miss America book."[7] Fago also stated, "I hired her at Timely when she left Fleischer's and came to New York. She did "Miss America" for us and created her costume."[8]
The Miss America Comics series changed its format with its second issue to become a larger magazine-sized Miss America Magazine,[9] though with the conventional comic book combination of glossy covers and newsprint interior. Initiating this format as vol. 1 #2 (November 1944),[10] the publication relegated its superhero to a secondary role and began focusing on teen-romance comics stories and articles on such topics as cooking, fashion, and makeup. This second issue, which featured a photo cover of an unknown model dressed in the Miss America costume, also introduced the long-running, teen-humor comics feature Patsy Walker.[11]
The Miss America Magazine series was renamed Miss America starting with issue #46 (April 1952). Alongside the single superhero comic, Miss America ran 126 issues in a complicated numbering that continued through vol. 7 #50 (December 1952), the 83rd issue. It then reverted to comic book format as Miss America vol. 1 #51–93 (April 1953 – November 1958).
The magazine format used photo covers of everyday teens. In 1951, starting with vol. 7 #42, the logo changed to Patsy Walker Starring in Miss America,[12] with covers now depicting high schooler, Patsy, boyfriend Buzz Baxter, and romantic-rival Hedy Wolfe, in cartoon art by artists Al Jaffee and Morris Weiss.
Madeline Joyce received the Miss America Comics 70th Anniversary Special #1 (June 2009) one shot, her second solo comic book.[13] According to Diamond Comic Distributors, it was the 136th best selling comic book in June 2009.[14]
Other series
[edit]Madeline Joyce appeared as Miss America in the 1941 All Winners Comics series,[15] the 1946 Blonde Phantom series,[16] the 1974 Giant-Size Avengers series,[17] and the 2006 X-Statix Presents: Dead Girl series.[18] Erika Kelley appeared as Miss America in the 2011 Fear Itself: Youth in Revolt series.[19]
Fictional character biography
[edit]Madeline Joyce
[edit]The first Miss America is Madeline Joyce.[20] Created by writer Otto Binder and artist Al Gabriele, the character first appeared in Marvel Mystery Comics #49 (September 1943).[21]
Madeline Joyce Frank is a socially aware heiress born in Washington, D.C. who is the niece of the millionaire radio mogul James Bennet. She acquired a range of superpowers after being exposed to an electrical discharge from an unknown experimental piece of equipment. Madeline Joyce possesses the "Strength of a Thousand Men," allowing her to lift weights far heavier than a normal human would be capable of lifting. Her superhuman durability makes her resistant to different forms of damage. She has the ability to levitate herself through psionic means. By using her levitation ability in connection with carefully planned leaps, she could use her power to fly. She could attain any height at which she could still breathe (approximately 20,000 feet). Fatigue poisons accumulate much slower in Madeline Joyce's body than that of a normal human, giving her a heightened "vitality." She later became a superhero and took the mantle of Miss America. The character has also been a member of the Invaders, Liberty Legion, and All-Winners Squad at various points in her history.[22] She married fellow Golden Age superhero Robert Frank / Whizzer. Because the two had been exposed to radiation, their first child was the radioactive mutant Nuklo. However, Madeline Joyce died of complications stemming from childbirth with her second, stillborn child due to radiation poisoning from her first offspring while at Wundagore Mountain, Transia.[23] During this time, it was also suggested that Madeline Joyce was the mother of Pietro Maximoff / Quicksilver and Wanda Maximoff / Scarlet Witch.[24] This was ultimately refuted when it was revealed that Max Eisenhard / Magneto and Magda Eisenhardt were their biological parents. Madeline Joyce was later retconned in 1976 as a member of the World War II super-team known as the Liberty Legion, set between the creation of the Invaders and the post-war All-Winners Squad. As a member of the team, she battled the Red Skull. Alongside the Liberty Legion and the Invaders, she fought the Nazi super-team called Super-Axis.[25]
Erika Kelley
[edit]The second Miss America is Erika Kelley. Created by writers Dan Slott, Christos N. Gage, and artist Patrick Scherberger, the character debuted in Avengers: The Initiative Annual #1 (December 2007).
Erika Kelley was a member of the Liberteens under the codename of Miss America. Madeline Joyce served here as an inspiration. She battled Flag-Smasher when he intended to destroy the Liberty Bell.[26] Erica Kelley subsequently left the team alongside her former teammates to found a new one called the Fantastix.[27] She decided to abandon the mantle of Miss America and took the codename of Ms. Fantastix.
America Chavez
[edit]Supporting characters
[edit]Allies
[edit]Name / alter ego | Creator(s) | First appearance | Description |
---|---|---|---|
James Bennett | Otto Binder – Alfred Gabriele | Marvel Mystery Comics #49 (September 1943) | James Bennett is the uncle of Madeline Joyce.[28] He is a rich radio mogul who takes cares of his niece.[29] |
Robert Frank / Whizzer | Al Avison | USA Comics #1 (August 1941) | Robert Frank is the husband of Madeline Joyce.[30] He is a speedster with superhuman strength.[31] |
Elton Morrow / Blue Diamond | Ben Thompson | Daring Mystery Comics #7 (February 1941) | Elton Morrow is a friend of Madeline Joyce.[32] He is an archaeologist with superhuman strength and durability.[33] |
Kate Bishop / Hawkeye | Allan Heinberg – Jim Cheung | Young Avengers #1 (April 2005) | Kate Bishop is a friend of America Chavez.[34] She is a skilled archer and swordswoman.[35] |
David Alleyne / Prodigy | Nunzio DeFilippis – Christina Weir – Keron Grant | New Mutants vol. 2 #4 (October 2003) | David Alleyne is a friend of America Chavez.[36] He is a genius with telepathic abilities.[37] |
Enemies
[edit]Name / alter ego | Creator(s) | First appearance | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Stefan Halpern / Pinhead Killer | Charles Nicholas | Marvel Mystery Comics #52 (December 1943) | Stefan Halpern is an antagonist of Madeline Joyce.[38] He is a Nazi during World War II who kidnapped a scientist and his granddaughter. |
Unknown / Flaming Hate | Marvel Mystery Comics #53 (January 1944) | Flaming Hate is an antagonist of Madeline Joyce.[39] He is a murderer who attacks firefighters to avenge the death of his wife. | |
Dalt Kendall / Shocker | Bill Finger – Pauline Loth | Miss America Magazine #2 (September 1944) | Dalt Kendall is an antagonist of Madeline Joyce.[40] He is a scientist with an obsession with electric eels. He gained the power to generate electricity while experimenting with them. He used his superhuman abilities to rob banks and murder people. |
Unknown / The Spiderman | Syd Shores | Blonde Phantom Comics #12 (December 1946) | The Spiderman is an antagonist of Madeline Joyce.[41] He is a scientist who is obsessed with spiders. He possessed huge spiders who feed on human blood.[42] He invented a web-shooting device to kidnap his victims. |
Oubliette Midas / Exterminatrix | Grant Morrison – J.G. Jones | Marvel Boy vol. 2 #1 (June 2000) | Oubliette Midas is an antagonist of America Chavez.[43] She is the leader of the supervillain organization known as the Midas Foundation. |
Guy Thierrault / Flag-Smasher | Zeb Wells – Stefano Caselli | Civil War: Young Avengers and Runaways #1 (July 2006) | Guy Thierrault is an antagonist of Erika Kelley.[26] He is an anti-nationalist who terrorizes the population to spread his views.[44] |
Impact
[edit]- In 1943, Madeline Joyce became one of the first female costumed heroes introduced in comic books.[45]
- In 1944, Joyce was the third female comic book female hero to get her own solo book after DC Comics' Wonder Woman and Fiction House's Sheena, Queen of the Jungle.[46]
- In 2016, America Chavez was compared to the protagonist of a one-shot in development by writer Joe Casey (who created Chavez) and artist Dustin Nguyen for Image Comics, with several journalists stating that Chavez served as an inspiration for the comic book publisher's new character owing to their similarities.[47] Several years later, further comparisons were made when All-America Comix #1 (July 2020) was released, with additional journalists asserting that America Chavez inspired Joe Casey and Dustin Nguyen for the creation of Image Comics' new character.[48]
- In 2017, Chavez starred as the titular character in a comic book series titled America (2017-2018).[49] She became the first Latin-American LGBT character of Marvel Comics to star in a solo comic book series as the eponymous character.[50]
- American actress Gina Rodriguez stated that she would like to audition for the role of America Chavez and called herself a fan of the character.[51] Argentine-American actress Stephanie Beatriz also expressed interest in portraying Chavez on Twitter.[52] The character subsequently received significant press coverage in October after Beatriz dressed up as the character during Halloween.[53]
- In 2018, Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor sent a letter to the America series writer Gabby Rivera,[54] notably stating, "You have created a powerful female character in the production of America, and I know you will forever inspire many individuals by continuing to invent America Chavez's story. Indeed, it is important to remind readers to take time to honor themselves and embrace their differences as strengths."[55]
- In 2022, the comic book America Chavez: Made in the USA #1 (March 3, 2021) appeared as an easter egg in a display case in the final episode of the miniseries She-Hulk: Attorney at Law.[56]
- In 2023, the newly acquired abilities of DC Comics' Power Girl were noted for their similarities to those of America Chavez by several journalists.[57]
- America Chavez placed 3rd in a popularity contest held by Multiversity Comics where readers elected their "Favorite Latin American Superhero."[58]
Other versions
[edit]Amalgam Comics
[edit]An alternate version of Miss America appears in the Amalgam Comics universe.[59] Madeline Joyce was combined with DC Comics' Liberty Belle.[60] This version is known as Madeline Lawrence / American Belle. She is a member of the All-Star Winners Squadron.[61]
In other media
[edit]Television
[edit]- Madeline Joyce / Miss America was loosely adapted for the Japanese television series Battle Fever J as part of a collaboration between Marvel Comics and the Japanese studio Toei.[62] She retained the codename while the costume and character were changed.[63]
- Madeline Joyce / Miss America appears in the Spider-Man five-part episode "Secrets of the Six,"[64] voiced by Kathy Garver.[65] This version, along with the Black Marvel, the Destroyer, the Thunderer, and the Whizzer, obtained her powers from a flawed attempt at recreating the process that empowered Captain America during World War II, which she regulates with a special ring.
- Madeline Joyce / Miss America makes a non-speaking cameo in Ultimate Spider-Man."[66] This version is a member of the Invaders.
- America Chavez / Miss America appears in the Marvel Rising series of short films and television specials,[67] voiced by Cierra Ramirez.[68]
Film
[edit]- America Chavez / Miss America appears in Marvel Rising: Secret Warriors,[69] voiced by Cierra Ramirez.[70]
- America Chavez / Miss America appears in media set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), portrayed by Xochitl Gomez.[71]
Video games
[edit]- America Chavez / Miss America appears via the "Marvel's Women of Power" DLC in Pinball FX 2.[72]
- America Chavez / Miss America appears as an unlockable playable character in Marvel Puzzle Quest.[73]
- America Chavez / Miss America appears as a playable character in Marvel Contest of Champions.[74]
- America Chavez / Miss America appears as an unlockable playable character in Marvel: Future Fight.[75]
- America Chavez / Miss America appears as an unlockable playable character in Lego Marvel's Avengers.[76]
- America Chavez / Miss America appears as an unlockable playable character in Marvel Avengers Academy,[77] voiced by Sandra Espinoza.[78]
- America Chavez / Miss America appears as an unlockable playable character in Lego Marvel Super Heroes 2.[79]
- America Chavez / Miss America appears as a playable character in Marvel Strike Force.[80]
- America Chavez / Miss America appears as an assist character in Marvel Future Revolution.[81]
- America Chavez / Miss America appears as a playable card in Marvel Snap.[82]
Merchandise
[edit]- In 2018, Hasbro released several America Chavez / Miss America dolls inspired by the Marvel Rising incarnation of the character.[83]
- In 2022, Disney released an America Chavez / Miss America doll inspired by the MCU incarnation of the character.[84] Hasbro released an America Chavez / Miss America action figure inspired by the MCU incarnation of the character, as part of the Marvel Legends action figure line.[85] Lego released an America Chavez / Miss America Lego minifigure inspired by the MCU incarnation of the character.[86] Funko released an America Chavez / Miss America Funko Pop figure inspired by the MCU incarnation of the character.[87]
- In 2023, Disney released an America Chavez / Miss America pair of ear headbands inspired by the MCU incarnation of the character.[88]
Miscellaneous
[edit]- Madeline Joyce / Miss America appears on the photo-cover of Miss America Magazine #2, portrayed by an unidentified model.[89]
- America Chavez / Miss America appears in Marvel United, published by CMON Limited.[90]
- America Chavez / Miss America appears in Marvel Rising: Ultimate Comics,[91] voiced by Cierra Ramirez.[92]
- America Chavez / Miss America appears as a meet and greet character at Disney California Adventure.[93]
References
[edit]- ^ Mitchell, Kurt; Thomas, Roy (2019). American Comic Book Chronicles: 1940–1944. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 194. ISBN 978-1605490892.
- ^
- Morse, Ben (25 May 2011). "A Dozen Days of Vengeance: Miss America". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on 2012-07-16. Retrieved 2016-12-02.
- Atkinson, John (2020-11-02). "Doctor Strange 2 Can Replace Captain America (And Kick Off Young Avengers)". Screen Rant. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
- ^ Cronin, Brian (June 1, 2023). "75 Years Ago, Marvel Tried a New Approach By Launching a Line of Female Superheroes". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2023-10-04.
- ^ Benton, Mike (1992). Superhero Comics of the Golden Age: The Illustrated History. Dallas: Taylor Publishing Company. p. 119. ISBN 0-87833-808-X. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
- ^ Nevins, Jess (2013). Encyclopedia of Golden Age Superheroes. High Rock Press. p. 183. ISBN 978-1-61318-023-5.
- ^
- Markstein, Don. "Miss America". Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
- Seifert, Mark (July 4, 2022). "Marvel's Golden Age Miss America Comics #1 in High Grade, at Auction". Bleeding Cool. Retrieved 2023-02-12.
- ^ Daniels, Les (1991). Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics. Harry N. Abrams, Inc. p. 54.
- ^ Amash, Jim (November 2001). "Of Fago and Fleischer". Alter Ego #11. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
- ^ Seifert, Mark (September 21, 2022). "A Complete Run of Marvel Mystery Comics, Up for Auction". Bleeding Cool. Retrieved 2023-10-06.
- ^ Seifert, Mark (April 20, 2023). "The 1945 Debut of the First Patsy Walker Series, Up for Auction". Bleeding Cool. Retrieved 2023-10-06.
- ^ Jung, Michael (May 30, 2020). "Marvel Gave Its Most Wholesome Character A DARK Makeover". Screen Rant. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
- ^ "GCD :: Covers :: Miss America Magazine". Grand Comics Database. Retrieved 2023-10-04.
- ^ Callahan, Timothy (June 16, 2009). "Miss America 70th Anniversary Special #1". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2023-10-04.
- ^
- "Comichron: June 2009 Comic Book Sales to Comics Shops". Comichron. Retrieved 2023-10-04.
- "Top 300 Comics Actual—June 2009". ICv2. July 10, 2009. Retrieved 2023-10-04.
- ^ "Throwback Thursday: 75 Years of Marvel's All Winners". Previews World. September 9, 2021. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
- ^ Dodge, John (September 6, 2023). "Marvel's First Spiderman Nearly Destroyed Peter Parker's Rise to Fame". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2023-10-04.
- ^ Beard, Jim (June 22, 2020). "Didja Know... The Retro Adventures of Mighty Miss America". Marvel.com. Retrieved 2023-08-14.
- ^ Cronin, Brian (April 21, 2023). "How Many of the Characters in the Second Marvel 'Book of the Dead' Are Still Dead?". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2023-08-14.
- ^ The Liberteens at The Appendix to the Handbook of the Marvel Universe
- ^
- Wiese, Jason (January 6, 2021). "America Chavez: Everything You Need To Know About The Doctor Strange In The Multiverse Of Madness Character". CinemaBlend. Retrieved 2023-04-08.
- Dominguez, Noah (2022-05-07). "Doctor Strange 2's America Chavez Arrives at Avengers Campus". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2023-02-12.
- ^
- Corley, Shaun (2022-12-01). "America Chavez's New Costume Honors the MCU Hero's Marvel Lineage". Screen Rant. Retrieved 2023-02-12.
- Carter, Reid (2022-05-17). "America Chavez: Get to know MCU's next big hero and her surprising Marvel Comics origins (yes, that's plural)". Popverse. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
- ^
- Dietsch, TJ (June 14, 2017). "24 Most Patriotic Characters". Marvel.com. Retrieved 2023-08-14.
- Doyle, Laura (2020-04-01). "Captain America – Every National Hero In Marvel Comics Explained". WhatCulture. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
- ^ Giant-Size Avengers #1 (August 1974). Marvel Comics.
- ^ White, Brett (July 4, 2014). "20 Patriots, 5 Codenames: A Salute To Marvel's Red White & Blue Heroes". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
- ^ Marvel Premiere #29–30. Marvel Comics.
- ^ a b Avengers: The Initiative Annual #1. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Fantastic Four vol. 6 #4. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Burdette, Chad (July 16, 2020). "10 Patriotic Superheroes Not Named Captain America". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
- ^ Marvel Mystery Comics #49 (September, 1943). Marvel Comics.
- ^ Marston, George (November 4, 2022). "Vision, Falcon, Black Widow, and 7 more Marvel characters you might not know date back to the '30s and '40s". Newsarama. Retrieved 2023-10-06.
- ^ Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A to Z #13. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Miss America Comics 70th Anniversary Special #1 (June 2009). Marvel Comics.
- ^ Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A to Z #2. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Serrao, Nivea (July 14, 2017). "Marvel's 'America': Get an Exclusive Look at America Chavez and Kate Bishop's Reunion". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2023-10-06.
- ^ Hawkeye vol. 4 #1. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Baker-Whitelaw, Gavia (May 24, 2021). "Why you need to read Marvel's new America Chavez comic". The Daily Dot. Retrieved 2023-10-06.
- ^ New Mutants vol. 2 #4. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Marvel Mystery Comics #52 (December 1943). Marvel Comics.
- ^ Marvel Mystery Comics #53 (January 1944). Marvel Comics.
- ^ Miss America Magazine #2. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Marston, George (December 15, 2022). "The weirdest versions of Spider-Man from across the Marvel Comics Spider-Verse". Newsarama. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
- ^ Lapin-Bertone, Joshua (February 10, 2023). "15 of the most bizarre Spider-Men you'll find across the Spider-Verse". Popverse. Retrieved 2023-10-06.
- ^ Snyder, Justin (August 22, 2017). "America Chavez May Meet Her Match When She Faces Exterminatrix". Marvel.com. Retrieved 2023-10-06.
- ^ Donohoo, Timothy (March 28, 2021). "Falcon and Winter Soldier: Every Flag-Smasher In the Marvel Universe". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
- ^ Buxton, Marc (January 30, 2014). "FANTASY DRAFT: Marvel's Hollywood-Ready Female Heroes". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
- ^ Mitchell, Kurt; Thomas, Roy (2019). American Comic Book Chronicles: 1940–1944. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 255. ISBN 978-1605490892.
- ^
- Pinion, Kyle (July 18, 2016). "Image's ALL-AMERICA COMIX reunites Joe Casey and Nick Dragotta for a familiar sounding hero". Comics Beat. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
- Lachenal, Jessica (July 18, 2016). "Miss America Chavez Heads to Image Comics, Gets Name Change". The Mary Sue. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
- Shiach, Kieran (July 18, 2016). "Finally, A Solo Series For Miss America... Vasquez?". ComicsAlliance. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
- ICv2 (July 18, 2016). "'All-America Comix' Debuting in 2017". ICv2. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - Bishop, Rollin (July 19, 2016). "Will Marvel Sue Over America Vasquez, Image's America Chavez?". Inverse. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
- ^
- Jennings, Collier (April 13, 2020). "Image Drops First Teaser for Casey & Nguyen's All-America Comix". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
- Johnston, Rich (March 20, 2020). "America Chavez and America Vasquez Both Get #1 in June - With Chavez Written By Vasquez". Bleeding Cool. Retrieved 2023-04-08.
- McMillan, Graeme (March 17, 2020). "How 'All-America Comix' (Sort of) Explores Legacy of a Fan Favorite Superhero". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
- Anderson, Jenna (July 1, 2020). "All-America Comix #1 Review: A Beautiful, but Frustrating Take on a Very Familiar Hero". ComicBook.com. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
- ^
- Baron, Reuben (September 18, 2017). "Born This Way: 15 Superheroes Who Came Out". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2023-04-08.
- Serrao, Nivea (November 18, 2016). "Marvel Announces Creative Team for America Chavez Solo Series". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2023-04-08.
- Brittain, Rachel (September 21, 2017). "15 Superpowered Ladies to Fangirl Over". Book Riot. Retrieved 2023-04-08.
- ^
- Rude, Mey (February 15, 2022). "10 Things To Know About America Chavez, the MCU's 1st Lesbian Superhero". Out. Retrieved 2023-04-08.
- Schwerdtfeger, Conner (March 10, 2018). "12 Female Heroes Marvel Should Introduce In Phase 4". CinemaBlend. Retrieved 2023-04-08.
- Steiner, Chelsea (2018-09-20). "Marvel Rising: Secret Warriors Introduces America Chavez". The Mary Sue. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
- Jackman, Josh (March 22, 2017). "Meet Marvel's new Nazi-punching queer superhero taking on the world". PinkNews. Retrieved 2023-04-08.
- ^
- Peters, Megan (March 14, 2017). "Jane The Virgin Star Wants To Play Marvel's America Chavez". ComicBook.com. Retrieved 2023-11-23.
- Bianco, Julia (March 21, 2017). "Gina Rodriguez Wants To Play Marvel's America Chavez". Looper. Retrieved 2023-11-23.
- Japco, Sally (March 15, 2017). "Gina Rodriguez Wants To Take On America Chavez Role". International Business Times. Retrieved 2023-11-23.
- ^
- Lovett, Jamie (May 20, 2017). "Brooklyn Nine-Nine Star Wants To Play Marvel's Miss America". ComicBook.com. Retrieved 2023-10-23.
- Sobon, Nicole (May 20, 2017). "Brooklyn Nine-Nine Star Would Love to Play America Chavez". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2023-10-23.
- ^
- Anderson, Jenna (October 29, 2017). "'Brooklyn Nine-Nine's Stephanie Beatriz Dresses As America Chavez For Halloween". ComicBook.com. Retrieved 2023-10-23.
- Hood, Cooper (October 29, 2017). "Stephanie Beatriz's America Chavez Campaign Back With Halloween Costume". Screen Rant. Retrieved 2023-10-23.
- Sobon, Nicole (October 29, 2017). "Brooklyn Nine-Nine Star Suits Up as Marvel's America Chavez". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2023-10-23.
- Jasper, Marykate (October 29, 2017). "Things We Saw Today: Stephanie Beatriz As America Chavez". The Mary Sue. Retrieved 2023-10-23.
- Terror, Jude (October 29, 2017). "Stephanie Beatriz Shows How She Would Look As Marvel's America Chavez With Cosplay". Bleeding Cool. Retrieved 2023-10-23.
- ^ Gregory, Kevin (March 19, 2018). "The Rundown: March 19, 2018". Multiversity Comics. Retrieved 2024-01-28.
- ^
- Hill, Jacob (March 16, 2018). "Gabby Rivera Shares Justice Sotomayor's Fan Letter for Marvel's America". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2024-01-28.
- Terror, Jude (March 17, 2018). "Supreme Court Rules: Gabby Rivera Made Magic with Marvel's America". Bleeding Cool. Retrieved 2024-01-28.
- ^
- Kurniawan, Chris (October 20, 2022). "15 Easter Eggs of She-Hulk Episode 9 Finale, Skaar's Presence Signals World War Hulk". DuniaGames.com. Retrieved 2023-07-09.
- Dominick, Nora (October 13, 2022). "23 "She-Hulk" Details From Episode 9 That Are Super Clever And Small Enough You Might've Missed Them". BuzzFeed. Retrieved 2023-07-09.
- Salazar, Savannah (October 14, 2022). "Breaking Down the She-Hulk Finale's Most Meta Easter Eggs". Vulture. Retrieved 2023-07-09.
- ^
- Dodge, John (June 2, 2023). "Power Girl's New Ability Makes Her DC's Version of a Fan Favorite MCU Hero". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2023-09-27.
- Johnston, Rich (September 25, 2023). "Power Girl's Punching Powers Get More Like America Chavez (Spoilers)". Bleeding Cool. Retrieved 2023-09-27.
- Bergamini, Anthony (September 26, 2023). "Power Girl #1: The New Me". Comic Watch. Retrieved 2023-09-27.
- "Power Girl #1 Review". The Comic Book Dispatch. September 26, 2023. Retrieved 2023-09-27.
- ^ Chiu-Tabet, Christopher (September 18, 2023). "Reader Poll Results: Miles Has Swung His Way Into Your Hearts". Multiversity Comics. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
- ^ Donohoo, Timothy (July 11, 2020). "How Captain America and Superman Were Mashed Up in Amalgam". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2023-10-05.
- ^ American Belle at The Appendix to the Handbook of the Marvel Universe
- ^ Super-Soldier: Man of War #1. Amalgam Comics.
- ^
- Whitbrook, James (2017-01-27). "The Power Rangers Shows That Never Were". Gizmodo. Retrieved 2023-03-11.
- Chipman, Bob (2014-07-16). "Supaidaman: The Amazing Spider-Man Swings East". The Escapist. Retrieved 2023-03-11.
- ^
- Knight, Rosie (August 28, 2018). "How Spider-Man Influenced Mighty Morphin Power Rangers". IGN. Retrieved 2023-03-11.
- Thomas, Leah (September 7, 2023). "Every Super Sentai Series (In Chronological Order)". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2023-03-11.
- ^ Towner, Eric and Alex Kramer; Brett Cawley and Robert Maitia (writer) (October 3, 1997). "Chapter III: Secrets of the Six". Spider-Man. Season 5. Episode 4. Fox Kids Network.
- ^ "Voice Of Madeline Joyce (Spider-Man) – Behind The Voice Actors". Behind The Voice Actors.
- ^ "S.H.I.E.L.D. Academy". Ultimate Spider-Man. Season 3. Episode 14. July 7, 2015. Disney XD.
- ^
- Anderson, Ethan (October 11, 2022). "The 18 Best Non-MCU Marvel Movies And TV Shows On Disney Plus". GameSpot. Retrieved 2022-10-12.
- Bernaschina, Michael (2022-03-05). "America Chavez Co-Creator Explains Why the MCU's Newest Hero Is Legitimately Unique". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
- Carter, Justin (April 10, 2022). "America Chavez's Doctor Strange 2 Appearance Isn't Helping Her Comics Creators". Gizmodo Australia. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
- ^
- "Voice Of America Chavez – Behind The Voice Actors". Behind The Voice Actors.
- Rothman, Michael (December 7, 2017). "Marvel to launch animated series focused on young, diverse heroes". ABC News. Retrieved 2023-04-11.
- Dahl, Angie (March 31, 2019). "Marvel Rising: Heart of Iron Premieres at WonderCon LIVE". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on April 6, 2019. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
- ^
- Sava, Oliver (2018-02-22). "America Chavez gets a power boost in this America finale exclusive". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
- "Character Designs Revealed for "Marvel Rising: Secret Warriors" Animated Feature". Comics Beat. 2018-03-23. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
- ^
- "Voice Of America Chavez (Marvel Rising: Secret Warriors) – Behind The Voice Actors". Behind The Voice Actors.
- Cheng, Susan; Flaherty, Keely (December 7, 2017). "Marvel's Launching A New Franchise Of Wonderful, Diverse Superheroes". BuzzFeed. Archived from the original on January 10, 2019. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
- Henderson, Taylor (December 7, 2017). "Marvel's First Latinx LGBT Superhero Is Coming to the Big Screen and We're HYPED". Pride.com. Retrieved 2023-04-08.
- ^
- Meyer, Joshua (2022-02-15). "Doctor Strange 2 Character America Chavez Was Originally Set To Appear In Spider-Man: No Way Home". Slashfilm. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
- Peralta, Diego (2023-02-28). "Xochitl Gomez on What She Would Like to See From America Chavez in The Future". Collider. Retrieved 2023-03-11.
- ^
- Elliott, John. "Marvel's Women of Power – Pinball FX 2 Table Review". XboxAddict.com. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
- White, Christopher (September 29, 2016). "Marvel's Women of Power pinball review". Neowin. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
- ^
- Chabala, Ben (December 20, 2017). "Piecing Together Marvel Puzzle Quest: America". Marvel.com.
- King, Jack (May 7, 2022). "Marvel Adds Gargantos to 'Doctor Strange' Puzzle Quest for 'Multiverse of Madness'". Collider. Retrieved 2023-04-11.
- Mocella, Patrick (2022-02-10). "Marvel Puzzle Quest: 10 Best 4-Star Characters In The Game". TheGamer.com. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
- ^
- Northern, Travis (2021-08-03). "Marvel Contest of Champions Adds America Chavez". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2022-10-07.
- "America Chavez, The Graceful Miss America, Makes Her 'Marvel Contest of Champions' Debut". TechTimes.com. August 4, 2021.
- Botadkar, Tanish (2 August 2021). "Marvel Contest of Champions adds America Chavez to their lineup of heroes". Pocket Gamer. Retrieved 2023-04-11.
- ^
- Dellosa, Catherine (Apr 30, 2022). "Marvel Future Fight adds new outfits for Doctor Strange, Scarlet Witch, Wong and America Chavez". Pocket Gamer. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
- Garcia, Mayra (2022-05-14). "10 Things You Didn't Know About America Chavez In The MCU". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
- ^
- "LEGO Marvel's Avengers Reveals Stanbuster, Miss America, More New Characters". ComicBook.com. July 11, 2015. Retrieved 2023-04-08.
- McNally, Victoria (October 9, 2015). "7 Secrets We Learned About The 'LEGO Marvel's Avengers' Game". MTV.com. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
- McWhertor, Michael (2015-07-11). "Lego Marvel's Avengers adds 100-plus characters, even more Stan Lee". Polygon. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
- ^
- Snyder, Justin (February 3, 2017). "Avengers Academy: From Concept to Hero". Marvel.com. Retrieved 2023-08-28.
- Shiach, Kieran (December 6, 2016). "A-Force Arrives At 'Avengers Academy' For The Best Christmas Ever". ComicsAlliance. Archived from the original on September 9, 2018. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
- ^
- "Voice Of America Chavez (Marvel Avengers Academy) – Behind The Voice Actors". Behind The Voice Actors.
- "Resume – Sandra Espinoza". Dustyoldroses.com. March 3, 2016. Archived from the original on March 17, 2019. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
- ^
- Carter, Justin (April 9, 2022). "Doctor Strange 2: America Chavez Creator Slams Marvel Compensation". Gizmodo. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
- Pramath (December 4, 2017). "LEGO Marvel Super Heroes 2: Collectibles, Pink Bricks, Cheat Codes, And More". GamingBolt.com. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
- Honey-Swain, Cameron (November 25, 2017). "LEGO Marvel Super Heroes 2 Review". CheckpointGaming.net. Retrieved 2023-04-08.
- ^
- Dilena, Daniel (2022-02-24). "11 Best War Defense Teams In Marvel Strike Force". Game Rant. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
- Sheehan, Gavin (2019-06-11). ""Marvel Strike Force" Adds America Chavez As Part Of Pride Week". Bleeding Cool. Retrieved 2023-02-06.
- Adams, Tim (2019-06-10). "Marvel Strike Force Celebrates Pride Week with Arrival of America Chavez". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2023-04-08.
- ^ Marvel Future Revolution [@MarvelFutureRev] (May 27, 2022). "Agents! Are you ready for the next companion? America Chavez is joining the battle in the latest update for #MARVELFutureRevolution! Download now: https://mar.by/_mTUb" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^
- Migalla, Sean (2022-11-15). "10 Best Finishing Cards In Marvel Snap". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2022-11-21.
- Hargreaves, Jim (2022-10-18). "Marvel Snap best cards for beginners and how to unlock new cards". Eurogamer. Retrieved 2023-03-11.
- Tassi, Paul (December 3, 2022). "The Best 'Marvel Snap' Discard Deck To Climb Through The Ladder". Forbes. Retrieved 2023-04-08.
- ^
- Konrad, Jeremy (2018-10-15). "Let's Take a Look at Hasbro's Marvel Rising Line". Bleeding Cool. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
- Dominguez, Noah (2018-09-13). "Hasbro Unleashes Marvel Rising Toy Line Featuring Ms. Marvel, Ghost-Spider & More". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
- Reif, Alex (2018-10-29). "Toy Review – "Marvel Rising: Secret Warriors" Dolls by Hasbro". LaughingPlace.com. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
- ^
- Paige, Rachel (April 27, 2022). "America Chavez Arrives at shopDisney with a Special Edition Doll". Marvel.com. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
- Disney Newsdesk, Laughing Place (April 26, 2022). "The Multiverse Comes to shopDisney with New America Chavez Special Edition Doll". LaughingPlace.com. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
- ^
- Moore, Jared (2021-12-17). "Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness Hasbro Toy Reveals First Look at America Chavez". IGN. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
- Diaz, Eric (December 17, 2021). "New Doctor Strange Hasbro Toys Reveal America Chavez". Nerdist. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
- Steiner, Chelsea (2021-12-19). "Hasbro Reveals 'Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness' Toys, So Let's Get to Speculating!". The Mary Sue. Retrieved 2023-04-08.
- ^
- Comments, Tyler Roberts | (December 6, 2021). "First Look at Doctor Strange's America Chavez with New MCU LEGO Set". Bleeding Cool. Retrieved 2023-04-08.
- Anderson, Jenna (December 1, 2021). "Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness LEGO Set Reveals America Chavez Battling Surprising Villain". ComicBook.com. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
- Nolan, Liam (2021-12-02). "Leaked Doctor Strange 2 LEGO Set Appears to Confirm a Different Marvel Villain". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
- Edwards, Molly (2021-12-02). "New Doctor Strange 2 toy seems to reveal a big villain battle". Newsarama. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
- ^
- Roberts, Tyler (Jun 24, 2022). "Full Funko 2022 SDCC Reveals List and Shared Retailer Locations". Bleeding Cool. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- Schedeen, Jesse (June 16, 2022). "Comic-Con 2022: Exclusive Marvel Funko Pop! Figures Include Spider-Man 2099 and Loki Villains". IGN. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- Fallon, Sean (July 22, 2022). "Here's Where to Get San Diego Comic-Con 2022 Funko Pop Figures and Exclusives". ComicBook.com. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- ^
- Tricarico, Angela (June 15, 2023). "Shop Disney has Pride Collections from Marvel, More for Pride Month". Decider. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
- Taylor, Blake (May 15, 2023). "Disney Pride Collection features Mickey, Star Wars, and Marvel". Attractions Magazine. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
- ^ "American Update: A Double Date With Patsy! Patsy Walker's First and Second Appearances Ever, plus Timely Super-Heroine in Miss America #2 & #3 (1944)". 30th Century Comics. July 21, 2019. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
- ^
- Aguilar, Matthew (March 4, 2020). "Marvel United Reveals Squirrel Girl, Spider-Woman, Doctor Strange, and More". ComicBook.com. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
- Benson, Paul (March 2, 2020). "'Marvel United'- We're in the Endgame Now". GeekDad. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
- ^ Dinh, Christine (March 27, 2019). "Marvel HQ Releases Marvel Rising Ultimate Comics". Marvel.com. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
- ^ "Voice Of America Chavez (Marvel Rising: Ultimate Comics) – Behind The Voice Actors". Behind The Voice Actors. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
- ^
- Paige, Rachel (May 6, 2022). "The Scarlet Witch and America Chavez Arrive at Avengers Campus". Marvel.com. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
- Dominguez, Noah (2022-05-07). "Doctor Strange 2's America Chavez Arrives at Avengers Campus". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2023-02-12.
- duBois, Megan (July 28, 2022). "Xochitl Gomez On Filming 'Dr. Strange In The Multiverse Of Madness,'Disneyland, And More". Forbes. Retrieved 2023-04-08.
- Laughing Place Disney Newsdesk (2022-05-06). "Photos/Videos: America Chavez Makes Her Avengers Campus Debut at Disney California Adventure". Laughing Place. Retrieved 2023-02-12.