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Morecambe

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This article is about the town. For other uses, see Morecambe (disambiguation).

Morecambe
Town
Morecambe Sands
OS grid referenceSD425634
Civil parish
  • Morecambe
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townMORECAMBE
Postcode districtLA
PoliceLancashire
FireLancashire
AmbulanceNorth West
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Lancashire

Morecambe /ˈmɔːkəm/[1][2] is a town on Morecambe Bay in Lancashire, England, which had a population of 34,768 at the 2011 Census.[3]

Name of Morecambe

The first use of the name Morecambe in modern times was by Whitaker in his History of Manchester (1771), when he refers to the æstury of Moricambe. It next appears four years later in 'Antiquities of Furness' where the bay is described as 'the Bay of Morecambe'.

That name is derived from the Roman name shown on maps prepared for them by Claudius Ptolemœus (Ptolemy) from his original Greek maps. At this distance in time it is impossible to say if the name was originally derived from an earlier language (e.g. Celtic language) or from Greek. The Latin version describes the fourth inlet north from Wales on the west coast of England as Moriancabris Æsturis. Translated, this gives a more accurate description than the present name of Morecambe Bay as the Latin refers to multiple estuaries on a curved sea, not a bay, as then the word sinus or gulf would have been used.

The name next crops up as early as March 1862 (before the town took the name officially) on a steam locomotive built for the South Durham and Lancashire Union Railway. Strangely, this was one of four locomotives in the class, and the others were each named after existing towns; No. 162 Saltburn, 163 Morecambe, 164 Belfast and 165 Keswick, which could indicate the name was already in unofficial use for the area.

It was not until 1889 that the necessary legislation was passed to officially name the area as Morecambe, comprising the hamlets of Poulton, Bare and Torrisholme (a township for the purposes of the Census of 1841 but shown as separate townships in the previous Census of 1831). In 1894 the Urban District Council was formed, thus freeing Morecambe completely from its governance by the Borough of Lancaster until 1974 when Lancaster again took charge.

Before the creation of Morecambe, Poulton acquired two suffixes, 'le Sands' and briefly 'on Sands' shown on at least one map. The reason for these additions stems from the dearth of names of townships in earlier times with the same name recurring over again. In the days before free movement of people, this was not so important. As travel became easier through first the turnpikes and later the railways, it became necessary to differentiate between the various towns with the same name, hence the additions.

On 3 August 1928 the name changed again when the Corporation of Morecambe amalgamated with Heysham Urban District Council to form the borough of Morecambe and Heysham.

History

In 1846, the Morecambe Harbour and Railway Company was formed[4] to build a harbour on Morecambe Bay, close to the fishing village of Poulton-le-Sands and a connecting railway. By 1850, the railway linked to Skipton, Keighley and Bradford in the West Riding of Yorkshire, and a settlement began to grow around the harbour and railway to service the port and as a seaside resort. The settlement expanded to absorb Poulton and the villages of Bare and Torrisholme. The settlement started to be referred to as "Morecambe", possibly after the harbour and railway. In 1889 the new name was officially adopted.

Morecambe was a thriving seaside resort in the mid-20th century. While the resort of Blackpool attracted holiday-makers predominantly from the Lancashire mill towns, Morecambe had more visitors from Yorkshire (due to its railway connection) and Scotland. Mill workers from Bradford and further afield in West Yorkshire would holiday at Morecambe, with some retiring there. This gave Morecambe the nickname "Bradford On Sea" (or Bradford-By-The-Sea).[5][6][7] Between 1956 and 1989 it was the home of the Miss Great Britain beauty contest.

Morecambe suffered a decades-long decline after a series of incidents that damaged tourism and the local economy.[8] Two piers were lost: West End Pier was partly washed away in a storm in November 1977, and the remnants were demolished in 1978; Central Pier, damaged by fire in 1933, was removed in 1992. In 1994, The World of Crinkley Bottom attraction in Happy Mount Park closed only thirteen weeks after opening. The ensuing 'Blobbygate' scandal led to a legal battle between Lancaster City Council and TV star Noel Edmonds. The closures of Bubbles, Morecambe's swimming pool, and the fairground known as Frontierland soon followed.

Concern over the decline of Morecambe's West End led to regeneration and investment in the area. The Times and the Daily Telegraph ran features on Morecambe's revival around Easter 2006. After falling into abeyance in the mid-1980s, the Miss Morecambe beauty contest was revived in 2006 by Margee Ltd, a local fashion store founded in 1933 – the same year that the second Midland Hotel opened.

Morecambe was selected by the RNLI as the location for its first active life-saving hovercraft. (Griffon 470SAR) H-002 "The Hurley Flyer", which became operational on 23 December 2002, was housed in a temporary garage next to the Yacht Club until a permanent building could be designed and built. Work on the latter began in 2008, and it officially opened on 12 June 2010.[9]

On 5 February 2004, there was a major loss of life in Morecambe Bay when Chinese immigrant shellfish harvesters were drowned.

The "Morecambe Budget"

Morecambe Beach looking towards the West End

Enoch Powell made a speech in Morecambe on 11 October 1968 on the economy, setting out alternative, radical free-market policies that would later be called the 'Morecambe Budget'.[10] Powell used the financial year 1968–9 to show how income tax could be halved from 8s 3d to 4s 3d in the pound (basic rate cut from 41% to 21%)[11][12] and how capital gains tax and Selective Employment Tax could be abolished without reducing expenditure on defence or the social services. These tax cuts required a saving of £2,855 million, and this would be funded by eradicating losses in the nationalised industries and denationalising the profit-making state concerns; ending all housing subsidies except for those who could not afford their own housing; ending all foreign aid; ending all grants and subsidies in agriculture; ending all assistance to development areas; ending all investment grants;[13] abolishing the National Economic Development Council; and abolishing the Prices and Incomes Board[14] The cuts in taxation would also allow the state to borrow from the public to spend on capital projects such as hospitals and roads and on the firm and humane treatment of criminals.[15]

Governance

Morecambe is covered by three tiers of government—Morecambe Town Council, Lancaster City Council (District) and Lancashire County Council.

The town is in the Morecambe and Lunesdale parliamentary constituency. It is also represented in the European Parliament as part of the North West England constituency.

Economy

Morecambe Promenade

Morecambe's main central shopping area stretches from Central Drive Retail Park to the Arndale Shopping Centre. This area also incorporates two markets—the Festival Market and the Morecambe Sunday Market—and the Reel Cinema complex.

Morecambe's manufacturing and industrial businesses are largely located in the White Lund Industrial Estate.

Morecambe is primarily a seaside resort with a large proportion of the local economy based on tourism, hospitality and catering located along the seafront. It is also situated at the foot of the Lake District National Park.

Tourism

Morecambe Sands in summer

The Morecambe Hotel and Tourism Association, which had 40 members, has merged with the Bay Tourism Association. At a full meeting of the Morecambe Hotel and Tourism Association on Monday 8 March 2010, it was unanimously resolved that the MHTA would join with Bay Tourism to become one association under the name of the Bay Tourism Association and the MHTA would cease to operate as an association. The BTA works closely with Lancaster Chamber and organises joint promotional ventures with other tourism associations in the region.

Education

Morecambe is served by a number of primary, secondary and tertiary educational establishments. Morecambe High School is a specialist Mathematics and Computing College and Heysham High School is a specialist Sports College. Lancaster and Morecambe College is a further-education college.

Culture

Performing arts

Morecambe has two large live-music venues: the Platform and More Music. The Platform is a converted Victorian-styled building which used to be the old railway station. It also houses the Morecambe Tourist Information Centre. Morecambe has a number of bands playing in the town's pubs and music venues.

Morecambe is home to community music charity More Music. More Music was established in 1993 and is based in the Hothouse. It has extensive experience delivering workshops, training, performances and festivals across the district, region and beyond. More Music seeks to build confidence and spirit in individuals and communities through the arts, especially music. The Hothouse is now a venue for live gigs from a wide variety of national and international artists, including Roddy Woomble, Rae Morris and the Grand Union Orchestra.

Festivals

Morecambe hosts a number of large public festivals throughout the year including 'Catch the Wind' Kite Festival, West End Community Festival (both organised by More Music), Morecambe Jazz Festival and Tutti Frutti 1950s Festival. Morecambe is home to the popular Nice n Sleazy Festival which attracts large crowds to the town to listen to punk and ska music. In 2015 the festival celebrated its 10th year with great local and national acclaim. The festival is organised by Ivan Harrison and a team of volunteers. The local Steampunk community (Known as "The League of Splendid") host a bi-annual festival, "A Splendid Day Out[16]".

Morecambe and Alan Bennett

The Yorkshire playwright and author Alan Bennett has enjoyed a long association with Morecambe and has often referred to the town in his work and writing. One of his early TV plays, Sunset Across the Bay (1975), is about a couple from Leeds who retire to Morecambe, leaving their old home with the words "Bye bye, mucky Leeds!". [17] He based the play on memories of the many holidays he spent in Morecambe with his parents. In his essay "Written on the Body", collected in Untold Stories (2005), he even suggests that his association with the town is pre-natal: "[I]t had been in a boarding house that I was conceived, sometime over the August Bank Holiday of 1933 at Morecambe or Filey."[18] In the same collection, Bennett pays tribute to the Morecambe-born actress Thora Hird in the essays "Last of the Sun", about the final play he wrote for her, and "Thora Hird 1911–2003", a memoir of the work they had done together since the 1960s. Earlier in the book, he discusses his maternal Aunt Kathleen, who married in Morecambe and lived there until her death in 1974.

Art

Morecambe was the birthplace of the artist William Woodhouse (1857–1939), who lived all his life in the town and is buried with his wife and daughter at St. Peter's Church in the village of Heysham, a little to the south of Morecambe.

Youth and Community

Many facilities for young people also exist in the area including Stanley's Youth and Community Centre. The Centre is based on Stanley Road in the West End of Morecambe. It offers the opportunity for young people aged 8–18 to play music, cook or just use the facilities to catch up with friends. There are also community sessions including community meal, women's group and 'Get Connected' information service.

The Exchange, which was set up in 2015 and is based on West Street in the West End of Morecambe, is a Community Arts CIC, offering free creative workshops to local residents. Promoting creativity as a means of well-being, it serves as a non-profit welcome space for all ages and abilities. In addition to workshops, The Exchange sells the artwork of local residents and hosts events such as the popular Soup Night.

Cuisine

Morecambe Bay potted shrimps are a famous local delicacy.

Landmarks

Eric Morecambe statue

One of Morecambe's most famous landmarks is a statue commemorating one of its most famous sons, Eric Morecambe. It was created by sculptor Graham Ibbeson.

One of Morecambe's landmark buildings is the partially renovated Victoria Pavilion[note 1] or Morecambe Winter Gardens. This was once a venue for swimming baths, a grand theatre, a restaurant and a ballroom.

Morecambe's current library opened in 1967; it was designed by the office of the architect Roger Booth. It replaced the Victoria Street library, which opened in 1928. There had been earlier proposals to build a library in Morecambe with Carnegie funding, but arguments about the rates involved stalled the project. The library is mentioned by Pevsner and is one of the few noteworthy buildings, other than churches, that are not connected to the seaside trade. The building is formed by hexagons, with a hyperbolic parabolic roof, creating a distinctive skyline and interior.[19]

Morecambe once boasted two fairgrounds: a small one to the north of the railway station, which closed down in the 1980s, and a larger one to the south of the station, which ultimately became Frontierland and closed in 1999. The only remaining landmark on the site is the Polo Tower, left standing only because of the contract for the phone mast on top.[20] The future of the remaining land remains uncertain.

In July 2008, the local council ordered a clean-up of the Polo Tower, and scaffolding was erected around the structure to carry out a survey.

Near the promenade is the Morecambe and Heysham War Memorial which commemorates the men of Morecambe who lost their lives in the two world wars and the Korean War.[21] The memorial differs from most as it lists the First World War as 1914 to 1919 rather than 1914 to 1918.

Midland Hotel

Midland Hotel in 2008 after restoration

The Midland Hotel is an important art deco luxury hotel situated on the seafront. It still contains interior design and art pieces by artist Eric Gill. It underwent a £7m restoration[when?], headed by Manchester company Urban Splash. The hotel re-opened for business in June 2008.

In March 2011 Urban Splash sold the freehold of the building to Lancashire-based 'The Lancaster Foundation'.

Media

Print

Local weekly newspapers include The Visitor published on Tuesdays and the Morecambe Guardian, a localised edition of the Lancaster Guardian published on Fridays.

A monthly publication entitled 'Local Choice' is delivered by Royal Mail to every household in the district.

Sport

Football

Morecambe F.C. (known as 'the Shrimps') is the leading local football club and on 20 May 2007 won the Conference National playoffs to earn promotion to the Football League for the first time in their history. As of 2015–16, they are playing League Two. They had a successful first season in the Football League, surprising a few teams, and in the 2009–10 season they reached the play-offs, only to lose 7–2, on aggregate, to eventual winners Dagenham & Redbridge. At the end of the 2009–10 season the team moved from its Christie Park ground to a brand new home, the Globe Arena. The old ground was demolished to make way for a Sainsbury's supermarket.

Fishing

Morecambe Bay has some of the most varied fishing in all of Britain and is perhaps most famous for Morecambe Bay Potted Shrimps, which are 'By appointment to Her Majesty the Queen'.[citation needed]

Rugby league

When the rugby football schism occurred in 1895, Morecambe joined the Northern Rugby Football Union (now Rugby Football League) in its second season. Morecambe played for eight of the ten seasons from the 1896–97 season through to the end of 1905–06 season. Morecambe finished 14th of 14 in its first three seasons of the Lancashire Senior Competition, withdrew for the 1899–1900 and 1900–01 seasons, finished 11th of 13 in the Lancashire Senior Competition, then finished 17th of 18, 16th of 17, 13th of 14 in Division-2, and finally 30th of 31 in the recombined league, after which Morecambe withdrew from the Northern Rugby Football Union.

The town still hosts a rugby league team, with Heysham Atoms playing from their Trimpell Sports and Social Club base. The Atoms finished joint top of division three in the North West Counties in 2012.

Boxing

Morecambe has a Commonwealth Featherweight Champion, Isaac Lowe, who beat McCullough in the 8th round within one minute and 56 seconds in the Frampton Vs Quigg Under-card [22] World Heavyweight Champion Tyson Fury is often seen in and around Morecambe.

Transport and infrastructure

Rail

Morecambe is located in Morecambe
      Morecambe
      Morecambe
Bare Lane
Morecambe Promenade
Morecambe Euston Road
Morecambe Harbour
Morecambe Harbour
Morecambe Poulton Lane
Morecambe Poulton Lane
class=notpageimage|
Railway station
Site of former railway station

Morecambe railway station has a regular rail service from Lancaster, with some trains running direct from Preston and Leeds. Trains also run to Heysham, where they connect with the ferry service to the Isle of Man. There is another railway station at Bare Lane, serving the suburb of Bare. Services are operated by Northern Rail.

The present-day Morecambe station opened in 1994, replacing an older station once known as Morecambe Promenade, built by the Midland Railway on its North Western Line from Skipton in Yorkshire. There was also a station called Morecambe Euston Road, built by the rival London and North Western Railway, which closed in 1963.

Bus

Bus services in the area are operated mainly by Stagecoach Lancaster. Other local services are operated by Battersby's Coaches. Direct services link the town with Bowness-on-Windermere via Kendal (755) Lancaster where connections to Keswick (555), Carnforth (5), Preston (40/41), Blackpool (42). Regular services up to every 15 minutes (numbers 3/3A/4) operate along the promenade to Heysham and to Lancaster University while services 2 and 2A operate up to every 10 minutes from Euston Road to both Heysham and Lancaster University. Services 6 and 6A operate via Westgate (where most caravan holiday parks are) to the Asda supermarket and Salt Ayre Leisure Centre. Service 5 operates to Overton and Carnforth. Most services (2/2A/3/3A/4/6/6A) operate using Low Floor Easy Access Vehicles suitable for wheelchair users and prams/pushchairs.

  • Morecambe and the neighbouring village of Heysham are the setting of the Cthulhu Mythos novel The Weird Shadow over Morecambe, published by the writer Edmund Glasby in 2014.[23] The title of the book is a reference to H.P. Lovecraft's story "The Shadow over Innsmouth", which is also set in a seaside town.
  • Morecambe was mentioned in an episode of the prison-based television comedy Porridge first broadcast in 1973: "... Arkwright's old woman said she wasn't returning, cos she was going to live with that Maltese ponce in Morecambe.".[24]

Points of interest

  • Recent tourism initiatives have made Morecambe a centre for bird watchers with the Tern Project enhancing the town's heritage linked to the extensive natural landscape of Morecambe Bay and its diverse wildlife.
  • The 1960 film The Entertainer, starring Laurence Olivier and Joan Plowright, was filmed on location in the town. Morecambe-born actress Thora Hird co-starred.
  • Sunset across the Bay is a play by Alan Bennett written in 1975 for the BBC Play for Today strand, set and filmed in Morecambe.

Notable People

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The unusual spelling is correct which can be seen at Victoria pavilion Morecambe bing search results

References

  1. ^ "Morecambe" at Dictionary.com
  2. ^ "Morecambe" in Collins English Dictionary online
  3. ^ "Town population 2011". Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  4. ^ Awdry, C. (1990), Encyclopaedia of British Railway Companies, Patrick Stephens Ltd, Wellingborough, ISBN 1-85260-049-7.
  5. ^ "Making memories in Morecambe". www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
  6. ^ "Morecambe: The holiday hotspot that drew many from factories, mills and schools". Bradford Telegraph and Argus. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
  7. ^ "Bradford-by-the-Sea salutes the greats". www.thevisitor.co.uk. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
  8. ^ Alan Cowell, Postcard From Ailing British Coasts: Wish You Were Here, The New York Times, 12 April 2007.
  9. ^ Visitor Newspaper,[1], Visitor Newspaper, 28 July 2008.
  10. ^ Richards, Peter (August 2010). "Enoch Powell: Libertarian, Tory and Nationalist". The Individual (54).
  11. ^ Roy Lewis, Enoch Powell: Principle in Politics (Cassell, 1979), p. 69.
  12. ^ Heffer, Simon (1998). Like the Roman: The life of Enoch Powell. London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson. p. 484.
  13. ^ Robert Shepherd, Enoch Powell. A Biography (London: Pimlico, 1997), pp. 375 -->–6.
  14. ^ Heffer, p. 485.
  15. ^ Heffer, pp. 485–6.
  16. ^ "A Splendid Day Out".
  17. ^ Bennett, Alan (6 September 2006). "'Untold Stories' by Alan Bennett". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
  18. ^ Bennett, Alan (2005). Untold Stories. Faber and Faber.
  19. ^ http://lanternimages.lancashire.gov.uk/index.php?a=advanced&s=gallery&key=XYToxOntzOjU6Ik5PVEVTIjtzOjE3OiJtb3JlY2FtYmUgbGlicmFyeSI7fQ%3D%3D&pp=100/
  20. ^ Cooper, Glen (5 October 2007). "Polo no-no". The Visitor. Johnston Press. Retrieved 17 June 2008.
  21. ^ Morecambe and Heysham War Memorial. United Kingdom National Inventory of War Memorials. UKNIWM Ref: 3332. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
  22. ^ http://www.thevisitor.co.uk/sport/boxing/isaac-lowe-lifts-commonwealth-featherweight-title-with-stunning-stoppage-win-1-7753698
  23. ^ [2] The Weird Shadow over Morecambe at Amazon.co.uk
  24. ^ [3] "Morecambe" mentioned in Porridge

Further reading

  • Hatch, J.; Kaye C.; MacGregor J.A.; Sumner W. (Easter 1909). Morecambe, Lancaster & District (souvenir of the Conference of the National Union of Teachers, 1909). Warwick Square, E.C.: Henry Frowde / Hodder & Stoughton. p. 266.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  • Quick, R.C. (1962). The History of Morecambe and Heysham. Morecambe. p. 160.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Potter, T.F. (1976). The Growth of Morecambe. Morecambe: The Visitor. p. 56.
  • Stocker, David (1988). Potted Tales (Recollections and Views of Morecambe Bay Fishermen). Lancaster: Local Studies No.8, Lancaster City Museums.
  • Bingham, Roger K. (1990). Lost Resort ? The Flow and Ebb of Morecambe. Milnthorpe, Cumbria: Cicerone Press. p. 320. ISBN 1-85284-071-4.
  • Bracewell, Michael; Linder (2003). I Know Where I'm Going: A Guide To Morecambe & Heysham. Book Works. p. 96. ISBN 978-1-870699-61-7.
  • Hayes, Cliff (2004). Lancaster, Morecambe and Heysham (Francis Frith's pocket album). Frith Book Company Ltd. p. 100. ISBN 978-1-85937-731-4.
  • Lancashire Historic Town Survey Programme : MORECAMBE - Historic Town Assessment Report. Lancashire County Council. February 2006 and July 2006. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
  • Guise, Barry; Brook Pam (2008). The Midland Hotel: Morecambe's White Hope. Palatine Books. ISBN 978-1-874181-55-2.
  • Bryson, Bill. Notes From A Small Island. pp. 271–277.
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