Multiplicity (psychology)
Multiplicity is the use of multiple personality styles by a person.[citation needed] For example, a woman may adopt a kind, nurturing personality when dealing with her children but change to a more aggressive, forceful personality when going to work as a high-flying executive as her responsibilities change.[1][page needed]
Rita Carter says evidence for multiplicity abounds and is found in history, and that when an individual states that they have been taken over by a spirit, soul, or ghost, they are saying that they are experiencing another personality. She says that feeling happy and carefree while in the company of your friends, but less so at home with family, is an example of multiple personality styles.[1][page needed]
Jung proposed: "The many contains the unity of the one without losing the possibilities of the many."[2]
History
Plato described the soul ("psyche") as having three parts, calling them Logos (rationality), Eros (erotic love), and Thymus (desire).[1][page needed] According to Carter, Shakespeare showed examples of this in his works of literature; characters like Hamlet and Macbeth had distinct personalities that differed throughout their respective works.[1][page needed] Carter says that Freud supported the notion of different personalities when he came up with the Id, Ego, and Superego, arguing that there is a split in the conscious and unconscious mind.[1][page needed]
Carter says that Italian psychologist Roberto Assagioli developed an approach to psychology called psychosynthesis, and thought many personalities that an individual is not consciously aware of may be present.[1][page needed] American psychologist John G. Watkins used hypnosis to bring out different personalities, as a method to study those personalities.[1][page needed]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Carter, Rita (March 2008). Multiplicity: The New Science of Personality, Identity, and the Self,. Little, Brown,. ISBN 9780316115384.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ Michael Vannoy Adams (2008). "Multiplicity". The Cambridge Companion to Jung. Cambridge University Press. p. 115. ISBN 9780521685009.
Further reading
- Mick Cooper, John Rowan (1999). The Plural Self: Multiplicity in Everyday Life. SAGE. ISBN 9780761960768.
- Ian Hacking (2000). What's Normal?: Narratives of Mental & Emotional Disorders. Kent State University Press. pp. 39–54. ISBN 9780873386531.
- Jennifer Radden (2011). "Multiple Selves". The Oxford Handbook of the Self. Oxford Handbooks Online. pp. 547 et seq. ISBN 9780199548019.
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