Nvidia

Coordinates: 37°22′14.62″N 121°57′49.46″W / 37.3707278°N 121.9637389°W / 37.3707278; -121.9637389
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37°22′14.62″N 121°57′49.46″W / 37.3707278°N 121.9637389°W / 37.3707278; -121.9637389

Nvidia Corporation
Company typePublic
Industry
FoundedApril 1993; 31 years ago (1993-04)
Founder
HeadquartersSanta Clara, California, U.S.
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Products
RevenueIncrease US$6.91 billion (2016) [1]
Increase US$2.15 billion (2016) [1]
Increase US$1.67 billion (2016) [1]
Total assetsIncrease US$9.84 billion (2016) [1]
Total equityIncrease US$5.76 billion (2016) [1]
Number of employees
10,000 (January 2017)[2]
SubsidiariesNVIDIA Advanced Rendering Center
Websitewww.nvidia.com
developer.nvidia.com

Nvidia Corporation (/ɪnˈvɪdiə/ in-VID-eeə;[3] most commonly referred to as Nvidia, stylized as NVIDIA, nVIDIA or nvidia) is an American technology company based in Santa Clara, California. It designs graphics processing units (GPUs) for the gaming, cryptocurrency, and professional markets, as well as system on a chip units (SoCs) for the mobile computing and automotive market. Its primary GPU product line, labeled "GeForce", is in direct competition with Advanced Micro Devices' (AMD) "Radeon" products. Nvidia expanded its presence in the gaming industry with its handheld Shield Portable, Shield Tablet and Shield Android TV.

Since 2014[citation needed], Nvidia has shifted to become a platform company focused on four markets – gaming, professional visualization, data centers and auto. Nvidia is also now focused on artificial intelligence.[4]

In addition to GPU manufacturing, Nvidia provides parallel processing capabilities to researchers and scientists that allow them to efficiently run high-performance applications. They are deployed in supercomputing sites around the world.[5][6] More recently, It has moved into the mobile computing market, where it produces Tegra mobile processors for smartphones and tablets as well as vehicle navigation and entertainment systems.[7][8][9] In addition to AMD, its competitors include Intel, Qualcomm and Arm (e.g., because of Denver, while Nvidia also licenses Arm's designs).

Company history

Aerial view of the new Nvidia headquarters building and surrounding campus and area in Santa Clara, California, in 2017. Apple Park is visible in the distance.

In the early 1990s, the three co-founders hypothesized that the proper direction for the next wave of computing will be accelerated or graphics based computing and believed this model of computing could solve problems that general-purpose computing fundamentally couldn't. They also observed that video games were simultaneously one of the most computationally challenging problems and would have incredibly high sales volume. With a capital of $40,000, the company was born. The company initially had no name and the co-founders named all their files NV, as in "next version". The need to incorporate the company prompted the co-founders to review all words, leading them to "invidia", the Latin word for "envy".[10]

Founders and initial investment

Three people co-founded Nvidia in April 1993:[11][12]

The company received $20 million of venture capital funding from Sequoia Capital and others.[13]

Major releases and acquisitions

The release of the RIVA TNT in 1998 solidified Nvidia's reputation for developing capable graphics adapters. In late 1999, Nvidia released the GeForce 256 (NV10), most notably introducing on-board transformation and lighting (T&L) to consumer-level 3D hardware. Running at 120 MHz and featuring four pixel pipelines, it implemented advanced video acceleration, motion compensation and hardware sub-picture alpha blending. The GeForce outperformed existing products by a wide margin.

Due to the success of its products, Nvidia won the contract to develop the graphics hardware for Microsoft's Xbox game console, which earned Nvidia a $200 million advance. However, the project took many of its best engineers away from other projects. In the short term this did not matter, and the GeForce2 GTS shipped in the summer of 2000. In December 2000, Nvidia reached an agreement to acquire the intellectual assets of its one-time rival 3dfx, a pioneer in consumer 3D graphics technology leading the field from mid 1990s until 2000.[14][15] The acquisition process was finalized in April 2002.[16]

In July 2002, Nvidia acquired Exluna for an undisclosed sum. Exluna made software rendering tools and the personnel were merged into the Cg project.[17] In August 2003, Nvidia acquired MediaQ for approximately US$70 million.[18] On April 22, 2004, Nvidia acquired iReady, also a provider of high performance TCP/IP and iSCSI offload solutions.[19] In December 2004, it was announced that Nvidia would assist Sony with the design of the graphics processor (RSX) in the PlayStation 3 game console. In May 2005, Microsoft chose to license a design by ATI and to make its own manufacturing arrangements for the Xbox 360 graphics hardware, as had Nintendo for the Wii console (which succeeded the ATI-based Nintendo GameCube).[20]

On December 14, 2005, Nvidia acquired ULI Electronics, which at the time supplied third-party southbridge parts for chipsets to ATI, Nvidia's competitor.[21] In March 2006, Nvidia acquired Hybrid Graphics.[22] In December 2006, Nvidia, along with its main rival in the graphics industry AMD (which had acquired ATI), received subpoenas from the U.S. Department of Justice regarding possible antitrust violations in the graphics card industry.[23]

Forbes named Nvidia its Company of the Year for 2007, citing the accomplishments it made during the said period as well as during the previous five years.[24] On January 5, 2007, Nvidia announced that it had completed the acquisition of PortalPlayer, Inc.[25] In February 2008, Nvidia acquired Ageia, developer of the PhysX physics engine and physics processing unit. Nvidia announced that it planned to integrate the PhysX technology into its future GPU products.[26][27]

In July 2008, Nvidia took a write-down of approximately $200 million on its first-quarter revenue, after reporting that certain mobile chipsets and GPUs produced by the company had "abnormal failure rates" due to manufacturing defects. Nvidia, however, did not reveal the affected products. In September 2008, Nvidia became the subject of a class action lawsuit over the defects, claiming that the faulty GPUs had been incorporated into certain laptop models manufactured by Apple Inc., Dell, and HP. In September 2010, Nvidia reached a settlement, in which it would reimburse owners of the affected laptops for repairs or, in some cases, replacement.[28][29]

On January 10, 2011, Nvidia signed a six-year, $1.5 billion cross-licensing agreement with Intel, ending all litigation between the two companies.[30] In November 2011, after initially unveiling it at Mobile World Congress, Nvidia released its Tegra 3 ARM system-on-chip for mobile devices. Nvidia claimed that the chip featured the first-ever quad-core mobile CPU.[31][32] In May 2011, it was announced that Nvidia had agreed to acquire Icera, a baseband chip making company in the UK, for $367 million.[33] In January 2013, Nvidia unveiled the Tegra 4, as well as the Nvidia Shield, an Android-based handheld game console powered by the new system-on-chip.[34] On July 29, 2013, Nvidia announced that they acquired PGI from STMicroelectronics.[35][citation needed]

On May 6, 2016, Nvidia unveiled the first GeForce 10 series GPUs, the GTX 1080 and 1070, based on the company's new Pascal microarchitecture. Nvidia claimed that both models outperformed its Maxwell-based Titan X model; the models incorporate GDDR5X and GDDR5 memory respectively, and use a 16 nm manufacturing process. The architecture also supports a new hardware feature known as simultaneous multi-projection (SMP), which is designed to improve the quality of multi-monitor and virtual reality rendering.[36][37][38]

In 2016, Nvidia leverages NVIDIA-Powered Infotainment in Luxgen.[39] In July 2016, Nvidia agreed to a settlement for a false advertising lawsuit regarding its GTX 970 model, as the models were unable to use all of their advertised 4 GB of RAM due to limitations brought by the design of its hardware.[40] In May 2017, Nvidia announced a partnership with Toyota Motor Corp. Toyota will use Nvidia's Drive PX-series artificial intelligence platform for its autonomous vehicles.[41] In July 2017, Nvidia and Chinese search giant Baidu, Inc. announced a far-reaching AI partnership that includes cloud computing, autonomous driving, consumer devices, and Baidu's open-source AI framework PaddlePaddle. Baidu unveiled that Nvidia 's Drive PX 2 AI will be the foundation of its autonomous-vehicle platform.[42]

GPU Technology Conference

The GPU Technology Conference is an annual technical conference started by Nvidia in 2009 which focuses on using the GPU to solve computing challenges.[43] In 2015, the conference attracted over 4000 attendees.[44]

Product families

The Nvidia GTX 1070 video card, released in May 2016, uses a 16 nm Pascal chip.
File:GTX 1080 SLI.jpg
The Nvidia GTX 1080 in SLI.
An Nvidia Shield Tablet.

Nvidia's family includes primarily graphics, wireless communication, PC processors and automotive hardware/software. Some families are listed below:

  • GeForce, consumer-oriented graphics processing products
  • Quadro computer-aided design and digital content creation workstation graphics processing products
  • NVS, multi-display business graphics solution
  • Tegra, a system on a chip series for mobile devices
  • Tesla, dedicated general purpose GPU for high-end image generation applications in professional and scientific fields
  • nForce, a motherboard chipset created by Nvidia for Intel (Celeron, Pentium and Core 2) and AMD (Athlon and Duron) microprocessors
  • Nvidia Grid, a set of hardware and services by Nvidia for graphics virtualization
  • Nvidia Shield, a range of gaming hardware including the Shield Portable, Shield Tablet and, most recently, the Shield Android TV
  • Nvidia Drive automotive solutions, a range of hardware and software products for assisting car drivers. The Drive PX-series is a high performance computer platform aimed at autonomous driving through deep learning,[45] while Driveworks is an operating system for driverless cars.[46]

Open-source software support

See also: Free and open-source device drivers: graphics, Mesa 3D, and nouveau (software)

Until September 23, 2013, Nvidia had not published any documentation for its hardware,[47] meaning that programmers could not write appropriate and effective free and open-source device driver for its products without resorting to (clean room) reverse engineering.

Instead, Nvidia provides its own binary GeForce graphics drivers for X.Org and a thin open-source library that interfaces with the Linux, FreeBSD or Solaris kernels and the proprietary graphics software. Nvidia also provided but stopped supporting an obfuscated open-source driver that only supports two-dimensional hardware acceleration and ships with the X.Org distribution.[48]

The proprietary nature of Nvidia's drivers has generated dissatisfaction within free-software communities.[49] Some Linux and BSD users insist on using only open-source drivers, and regard Nvidia's insistence on providing nothing more than a binary-only driver as wholly inadequate, given that competing manufacturers (like Intel) offer support and documentation for open-source developers, and that others (like AMD) release partial documentation and provide some active development.[50][51]

Because of the closed nature of the drivers, Nvidia video cards cannot deliver adequate features on some platforms and architectures given that it only provides x86/x64 driver builds.[52] As a result, support for 3D graphics acceleration in Linux on PowerPC does not exist, nor does support for Linux on the hypervisor-restricted PlayStation 3 console.

Some users claim that Nvidia's Linux drivers impose artificial restrictions, like limiting the number of monitors that can be used at the same time, but the company has not commented on these accusations.[53]

Deep learning

Nvidia GPUs are used in deep learning, artificial intelligence, and accelerated analytics. The company developed GPU-based deep learning in order to use artificial intelligence to approach problems like cancer detection, weather prediction, and self-driving vehicles.[54] They are included in all Tesla vehicles.[55] The purpose is to help networks learn to “think”.[56] According to TechRepublic, Nvidia GPUs “work well for deep learning tasks because they are designed for parallel computing, and do well to handle the vector and matrix operations that are prevalent in deep learning.”[57] These GPUs are used by researchers, laboratories, tech companies and enterprise companies.[58] In 2009, Nvidia was involved in what was called the “big bang” of deep learning, “as deep-learning neural networks were combined with Nvidia graphics processing units (GPUs).”[59] That year, the Google Brain used Nvidia GPUs to create Deep Neural Networks capable of machine learning, where Andrew Ng determined that GPUs could increase the speed of deep-learning systems by about 100 times.[60]

In April 2016 Nvidia produced the DGX-1 supercomputer based on an 8 GPU cluster, to improve the ability of users to use deep learning by combining GPUs with integrated deep learning software.[61] It also developed Nvidia Tesla K80 and P100 GPU-based virtual machines, which are available through Google Cloud, which Google installed in November 2016.[62] Microsoft added GPU servers in a preview offering of its N series based on Nvidia's Tesla K80s, each containing 4992 processing cores. Later that year, AWS’s P2 instance was produced using up to 16 Nvidia Tesla K80 GPUs. That month Nvidia also partnered with IBM to create a software kit that boosts the AI capabilities of Watson,[63] called IBM PowerAI.[64][65] Nvidia also offers its own NVIDIA Deep Learning software development kit.[66] In 2017 the GPUs were also brought online at the RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project for Fujitsu.[67] The company’s deep learning technology led to a boost in its 2017 earnings.[68]

See also

References

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  2. ^ "About Nvidia brochure" (PDF). Nvidia. Retrieved February 11, 2017.
  3. ^ Nvidia: The Way It's Meant To Be Played on YouTube
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  10. ^ Nusca, Andrew (November 16, 2017). "This Man Is Leading an AI Revolution in Silicon Valley—And He's Just Getting Started". Fortune. Archived from the original on November 16, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
  11. ^ "Company Info". Nvidia.com. Retrieved November 9, 2010.
  12. ^ "Jensen Huang: Executive Profile & Biography - Businessweek". Bloomberg News. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
  13. ^ Williams, Elisa (April 15, 2002). "Crying wolf". Forbes. Retrieved February 11, 2017. Huang, a chip designer at AMD and LSI Logic, cofounded the company in 1993 with $20 million from Sequoia Capital and others.
  14. ^ Perez, Derek; Hara, Michael (December 15, 2000). "NVIDIA to Acquire 3dfx Core Graphics Assets" (Press release). Santa Clara, CA. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  15. ^ Leupp, Alex; Sellers, Scott (December 15, 2000). "3dfx Announces Three Major Initiatives To Protect Creditors and Maximize Shareholder Value" (Press release). San Jose, CA. Archived from the original on February 5, 2001. Retrieved January 23, 2017. Board of Directors Initiates Cost-Cutting Measures, Recommends to Shareholders Sale of Company Assets to NVIDIA Corporation for $112 million and Dissolution of Company {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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  40. ^ Smith, Ryan. "Update: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 970 Settlement Claims Website Now Open". Anandtech. Purch, Inc. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
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  54. ^ Jr, Berkeley Lovelace (February 10, 2017). "Cramer on AI: 'This is the replacement of us. We don't need us with Nvidia'".
  55. ^ Markman, Jon. "Deep Learning, Cloud Power Nvidia".
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  60. ^ "From not working to neural networking".
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  62. ^ 21:07, 21 February 2017 at; tweet_btn(), Shaun Nichols. "Google rents out Nvidia Tesla GPUs in its cloud. If you ask nicely, that'll be 70 cents an hour, bud". {{cite web}}: |last1= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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  64. ^ "IBM and Nvidia team up to create deep learning hardware". November 14, 2016.
  65. ^ "IBM and Nvidia make deep learning easy for AI service creators with a new bundle". November 15, 2016.
  66. ^ "Facebook 'Big Basin' AI Compute Platform Adopts NVIDIA Tesla P100 For Next Gen Data Centers".
  67. ^ "Nvidia to Power Fujitsu's New Deep Learning System at RIKEN - insideHPC". March 5, 2017.
  68. ^ Tilley, Aaron. "Nvidia Beats Earnings Estimates As Its Artificial Intelligence Business Keeps On Booming".

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nvidia.
  • Official website Edit this at Wikidata
  • Nvidia.com Driver Downloads
  • GeForce.com, official gaming community site
  • Business data for Nvidia:
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