Original design manufacturer
An original design manufacturer (ODM) is a company that designs and manufactures a product for another company; this is in contrast to an original equipment manufacturer (which manufactures a product to the specifications of another manufacturer) or an original brand manufacturer (which designs and manufactures its own products).[1][2][3] Some ODMs begin as OEMs and eventually become OBMs.[4] Some manufacturers may fit multiple categories, with a portion of revenue attributable to each kind of work.[5]
Examples
[edit]- Foxconn, Inventec, Quanta Computer, and Wistron were named by Nvidia as ODM partners using its HGX reference architecture and design guidelines in 2017.[6]
- Nokia (HMD) relies on ODMs for its post-2016 phones; in late 2019, it switched from relying on only one ODM to multiple ODMs.[7]
- Samsung designs and manufactures some OEM-used SSDs, and rebranded such SSDs to upstream companies such as Dell.
- MSI designs and manufactures some NVIDIA based graphics card, and rebranded such graphics cards to upstream companies such as Dell.
- ZOTAC designs and manufactures some NVIDIA based graphics card, and rebranded such graphics cards to upstream companies such as Lenovo.
Intellectual property
[edit]ODMs create their own intellectual property and patent it.[8][9] Most of their patents are filed in the US, China, and Taiwan. In 2020, all of the top ten electronics ODMs in the world (by revenue) were Taiwanese.[10]
See also
[edit]- Electronics manufacturing services
- Original brand manufacturer
- Original equipment manufacturer
- Contract manufacturer
References
[edit]- ^ Mahan, Josh (12 Feb 2024). "OEM vs ODM: Manufacturing Key Differences". cc-techgroup.com. Retrieved 15 Nov 2025.
- ^ "Choosing the Right Manufacturing Partner: OEM vs. ODM vs. OBM Explained". connectedsourcing.com. 27 Jun 2024. Retrieved 15 Nov 2025.
- ^ Gilbourne, Adam (15 Sep 2025). "OEM vs. ODM vs. OBM – Key Differences Explained". easyimex.com. Retrieved 15 Nov 2025.
- ^ "World Intellectual Property Report 2022: The Direction of Innovation" (PDF). WIPO.int. Geneva: World Intellectual Property Organization. 2022. p. 53. doi:10.34667/tind.45356. Retrieved 18 Nov 2025.
- ^ Ambashi, Masahito (2018). "Innovation Policy in ASEAN" (PDF). ERIA.org. Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia. p. 229. ISBN 978-602-5460-03-6. Retrieved 18 Nov 2025.
- ^ "NVIDIA Partners with World's Top Server Manufacturers to Advance AI Cloud Computing". nvidia.com. 29 May 2017. Retrieved 18 Nov 2025.
- ^ "Despite sales decline, Nokia phones business saw its 1st positive earnings (EBIT) in Q4 2019". NokiaPowerUser.com. 31 Mar 2020. Retrieved 15 Nov 2025.
- ^ "Intellectual Property Policy". inventec.com. Retrieved 19 Nov 2025.
- ^ "Management of Intellectual Property". quantatw.com. Retrieved 19 Nov 2025.
- ^ Branstetter, Lee G.; Chen, Jong-Rong; Glennon, Britta; Zolas, Nikolas (Aug 2021). "NBER Working Paper No. 29117, Does Offshoring Production Reduce Innovation: Firm-Level Evidence from Taiwan" (PDF). NBER.org. National Bureau of Economic Research. p. 10. Retrieved 18 Nov 2025.
 | This economics-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |