P-800 Oniks
| Yakhont/Onyx missile | |
|---|---|
Yakhont/Onyx missile at MAKS Airshow in Zhukovskiy, 1997. | |
| Type | Cruise missile Air-launched cruise missile Submarine-launched cruise missile Anti-ship missile Surface-to-surface missile Land-attack missile |
| Place of origin | Soviet Union / Russia |
| Service history | |
| In service | 2002–present[1] |
| Used by | See Operators |
| Wars | Syrian Civil War |
| Production history | |
| Manufacturer | NPO Mashinostroyeniya |
| Produced | 1987–present |
| Specifications | |
| Weight | 3,000 kg (6,614 lb) |
| Length | 8.9 m (29.2 ft) |
| Diameter | 0.7 m (2.3 ft) |
| Warhead | national ver. 300 kg semi-armour piercing HE, thermonuclear; for export 200 kg semi-armour piercing HE |
Detonation mechanism | delay fuze |
| Engine | Ramjet 4 tons of thrust |
| Wingspan | 1.7 m (5.6 ft) |
| Propellant | kerosene liquid fuel |
Operational range | 600 km (370 mi; 320 nmi) (Oniks version for Russia) 120 to 300 km (75 to 186 mi; 65 to 162 nmi) depending on altitude (Yakhont export version) |
| Flight ceiling | 14,000 m |
| Flight altitude | 10 meters or higher |
| Speed | Mach 2.5 |
Guidance system | midcourse inertial guidance, active radar homing-passive radar seeker head |
| Accuracy | 1.5 m[2] |
Launch platform | coastal installations, naval ship, Fixed-wing aircraft |
The P-800 Oniks (Russian: П-800 Оникс; English: Onyx), also known in export markets as Yakhont (Russian: Яхонт; English: ruby), is a Soviet / Russian supersonic anti-ship cruise missile developed by NPO Mashinostroyeniya as a ramjet version of P-80 Zubr. Its GRAU designation is 3M55, the air launched Kh-61 variant also exists. The missile has the NATO reporting codename SS-N-26 "Strobile". Development officially started in 1983, and in the 1990s the anti-ship missile was tested on the Project 1234.7 ship. In 2002 the missile passed the whole range of trials and was commissioned.[3] It is reportedly a replacement of the P-270 Moskit, but possibly also of the P-700 Granit. The P-800 was used as the basis for the joint Russian-Indian supersonic missile BrahMos.[4]
Contents
Description[edit]
The missile is carried in flight by aerodynamic lift. The solid-propellant booster is located in the ramjet's combustion chamber and is ejected by the airflow after it has burned out.
Advantages[edit]
- Over-the-horizon firing range
- Full autonomy of combat use ("fire and forget")
- A set of flexible ("low-profile sea-skimming", "high-low") trajectories
- High supersonic speed in all phases of flight
- Full harmonization for a wide range of platforms (surface ships, submarines and land-based launchers)
- Possible use of the missile in electronic countermeasures environment and under enemy fire
Operational history[edit]
Syria[edit]
In 2010 Sergei Prikhodko, senior adviser to the Russian President, has said that Russia intends to deliver P-800 to Syria based on the contracts signed in 2007.[5][6] Syria received 2 Bastion missile systems with 36 missiles each (72 in total).[7] The missiles' test was broadcast by Syrian state TV.[8]
In May 2013, Russia continued the contract delivery to the Syrian government supplying missiles with an advanced radar to make them more effective to counter any future foreign military invasion.[9][10] The warehouse containing the Bastion Missile was destroyed in an Israeli air strike on Latakia on 5 July 2013, but US intelligence analysts believe that some missiles had been removed before the attack.[11]
Oniks missiles were used in 2016 against ISIS targets.[12][13][14]
Specifications[edit]
- Length: 8.9 m
- Diameter: 0.7 m
- Wingspan: 1.7 m
- Weight: 3,100 kg
- Speed at altitude: 750 m/s (Mach 2.6)
- Surface speed: Mach 2
- Engine: ramjet, weight 200 kg, 4 tons of thrust
- Range: 120–300 km / 600 km for Russian ship/sub deployed non-export model[15]
- for the combined trajectory (hi-lo) – 300 km
- for low-altitude trajectory (lo-lo) – 120 km
- Flight altitude of 10,000–14,000 m
- Warhead: national version: 300 kg semi-armour piercing HE, thermonuclear; export version: 200 kg HE
- Fuel: kerosene T-6
Radar homing head
- all-weather monopulse active-passive, with frequency hopping
- Immunity: high, from active spoofing, dipole clouds
- Range: 50 km active[16]
- Launchable sea state – up to 7 points
- Warm-up time from power on: no more than 2 min
- Current consumption at 27 V circuit: up to 38 A
- Maximum angle of the target search: ± 45 °
- Homing weight: 85 kg
Variants[edit]
- 3M55 Oniks – Base version for Russia.
- P-800 Yakhont – Export version of Oniks.
- P-800 Bolid - Submarine-launched version of Yakhont.[17]
- Brahmos – Co-developed by Russia and India, based on Oniks, produced by BrahMos Aerospace Private Limited in India. BrahMos-II, a hypersonic version is also being developed.[citation needed]
- Bastion-P – Coast mobile missile system. Officially it was entered service in 2015.[18]
- Kh-61 - Air launched air to surface version.
Platforms[edit]
[edit]
- Current
- Admiral Grigorovich-class frigate
- Buyan-M-class corvette
- Steregushchiy-class corvette (export version)
- Yasen-class submarine
- Ahmad Yani-class frigate
- Admiral Gorshkov-class frigate
- Future
- Kuznetsov-class aircraft carrier
- Kirov-class battlecruiser
- Lider-class destroyer
- Karakurt-class corvette
- Gremyashchiy-class corvette
- Oscar-class submarine
Land[edit]
Standard batteries of the K-300 Bastion-P (Бастион-П-Подвижный):
- 4 self-propelled launchers K-340P with 2 "Yakhont" missiles (crew of 3 persons)
- 1–2 Command and Control vehicles (ASBU) PBRK (crew of 5 persons)
- 1 security alert car (MOBD)
- 4 Transportation and loading vehicles (TLV K342P)
Operators[edit]
- Hezbollah – with diverse launching platforms.[19]
Indonesia – 4 VLS (vertical launching system) mounted on Ahmad Yani class frigate KRI Oswald Siahaan (354).[20]
Russia – 3 "Bastion-P" complexes delivered in 2010, all the complexes taken into service with the Russian Black Sea Fleet's 11th Independent Coastal Missile-Artillery Brigade stationed near Anapa[21] and the Project 1234.7 Nakat, a one-off Nanuchka IV-class corvette commissioned in 1987 with 2x6 Oniks.[22] The "Bastion-P" is deployed by Russian forces in Crimea.[23] One more Bastion-P was delivered in 2015.[24] 2 Bastion systems are in service with the Northern Fleet and at least one with Western Military District (Baltic Fleet).[25][26] Two more systems entered service in 2016 with Pacific Fleet.[27][28] Newest class of Russian nuclear-powered attack submarines, Yasen-class submarine, can also launch the missile.[29] Submarine-launched variant entered service in 2016.[30] Two Bastion missile systems delivered in 2017 and one more in 2018.[31][32]
Syria – 2 "Bastion-P" complexes delivered in 2011, 72 missiles.[33][34]
Vietnam – 2 "Bastion-P" land-based coastal defense systems delivered, 40 missiles.[35][36]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "MIC "NPO mashinostroyenia" - History". Retrieved 23 December 2014.
- ^ http://missiledefenseadvocacy.org/missile-threat-and-proliferation/missile-proliferation/russia/16962-2/
- ^ "Nakat". Retrieved 23 December 2014.
- ^ "Brahmos Missiles - The Hans India". www.thehansindia.com. Retrieved 2015-11-22.
- ^ "BBC News - Syria crisis: Russia 'sends sophisticated weapons'". BBC News. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
- ^ "Despite Israeli protests, Russia won't halt arms sale to Syria". Haaretz.com. 30 August 2010. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
- ^ "Bastion missile systems to protect Russian naval base in Syria". Retrieved 23 December 2014.
- ^ "Syria Navy with Yakhont missile.flv". YouTube. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
- ^ "BBC News - Syria crisis: US rues Russian missiles sent to Damascus". BBC News. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
- ^ Gordon, Michael R.; Schmitt, Eric (16 May 2013). "Russia Sends More Advanced Missiles to Aid Assad in Syria" – via NYTimes.com.
- ^ Gordon, Michael R. (31 July 2013). "Some Syria Missiles Eluded Israeli Strike, Officials Say". New York Times.
- ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=veunTV1RUPQ
- ^ https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-russia-strikes-idUSKBN13A19Y?il=0
- ^ https://www.middleeastobserver.org/2016/11/15/putin-orders-bombing-aircraft-carrier-syria-hours-after-call-with-trump/
- ^ Litovkin, Dmitry (8 August 2013). "Russian supersonic missiles behave like wolves".
- ^ http://www.granit-electron.ru/products/mil/complex/yahont_head/
- ^ http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/ss-n-26.htm
- ^ "ВПК "НПО машиностроения" - Новости".
- ^ Amos Harel and Gili Cohen: Hezbollah: From terror group to army, Haaretz, 12 July 2016. Quote: "Hezbollah now [as compared to 2006] has Yakhont missiles with a longer range, better precision and diverse launching options." [1]. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
- ^ Koh Swee Lean Collin (31 May 2011). "Indonesia's Anti-ship Missiles: New Development In Naval Capabilities – Analysis". Eurasia Review. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
- ^ "Ракетный комплекс "Бастион" будет защищать берега Анапы". Retrieved 23 December 2014.
- ^ Wertheim, Eric (2007). The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World: Their Ships, Aircraft, and Systems. Naval Institute Press. p. 625. ISBN 9781591149552.
- ^ "Russia parades Bastion-P in Crimea". Retrieved 23 December 2014.
- ^ "ЦАМТО / Новости / В Национальном центре управления обороной страны под руководством С.Шойгу прошел Единый день приемки военной продукции".
- ^ Sputnik. "Russia's Northern Fleet Receives New Bastion Coastal Defense Systems".
- ^ "Russian Navy received more than 100 Kalibr, Onix missiles in 3rd quarter".
- ^ "Sputnik Images media library".
- ^ Sputnik. "Message for Tokyo? Russia Deploys Bastion-P Coastal Defense System in Kamchatka".
- ^ "Russia's First Yasen-Class Submarine is Combat-Ready".
- ^ "Advanced anti-ship cruise missile systems enter service with Russian Navy".
- ^ http://eng.mil.ru/en/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12160216@egNews
- ^ http://tass.com/defense/1014216
- ^ "Lenta.ru: Наука и техника: Россия поставила Сирии противокорабельные комплексы "Бастион"". Retrieved 23 December 2014.
- ^ Haaretz (1 December 2011). "Report: Russia delivers supersonic cruise missiles to Syria". Haaretz. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
- ^ "/ / «»". 24 October 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
- ^ "Indonesia's Anti-ship Missiles: New Development In Naval Capabilities - Analysis". Eurasia Review. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
External links[edit]
- SS-N-26 (Federation of American Scientists)
- Sunburns, Yakhonts, Alfas and the Region (Australian Aviation, Sept 2000) (PDF)
- www.dtig.org Russian/Sovjet Sea-based Anti-Ship Missiles (pdf)
- Russia would supply Syria with P-800 Yakhont cruise missiles