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Patiala district

Coordinates: 39°25′N 116°23′E / 39.41°N 116.38°E / 39.41; 116.38
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Patiala.

Patiala district
District
Moti Bagh Palace, Patiala, now houses the National Institute of Sports
Moti Bagh Palace, Patiala, now houses the National Institute of Sports
Location in Punjab
Location in Punjab
Coordinates: 39°25′N 116°23′E / 39.41°N 116.38°E / 39.41; 116.38
Country India
State Punjab
Founded byBaba Ala Singh
HeadquartersPatiala
Government
 • Deputy CommissionerDr. Preeti Yadav, IAS
 • Senior Superintendent of PoliceDr. Nanak Singh, IPS
Area
 • Total
3,218 km2 (1,242 sq mi)
Elevation
257 m (843 ft)
Population
 (2011)[1]
 • Total
1,895,686
 • Density590/km2 (1,500/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialPunjabi
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Telephone codePatiala: 91-(0)175, Rajpura: 91-(0)1762, Samana: 91-(0)1764, Nabha: 91-(0)1765 & Amloh: 91-(0)1768
Literacy75.28%
Vidhan Sabha constituency9
HighwaysNH 1, NH 64, NH 71
Websitepatiala.nic.in

Patiala district is one of the twenty three districts in the state of Punjab in north-west India.

Location

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Patiala district lies between 38 47’ and 39 41’ north latitude, 115 58’ and 116 54' east longitude, in the southeast part of the state. It is surrounded by Fatehgarh Sahib, Rupnagar and Mohali to the north, Fatehgarh Sahib and Sangrur districts to the west, Ambala, Panchkula, Haryana to the northeast and Kurukshetra districts of neighboring Haryana state to the east, and Kaithal district of Haryana to the southwest.

History

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Baba Ala Singh (1691–1765), a Sikh chieftain from the village Rampura Phul in Bathinda District of Punjab, with his army of young brave men migrated to Barnala where Baba Ala Singh in 1763 set up his new state. Later Baba Ala Singh moved to a small village of Lehal where he built a new city on the village, naming it as Patiala. He laid the foundations of a steady and stable state known as the Phulkian Dynasty south of Sirhind. In and around Patiala District he founded many villages within his territory, and reconstructed many historical Gurdwaras relating to Sikh religion.

It was since Baba Ala Singh's time that Patiala District came into being as before the area was under the Sirhind Government. Baba Ala Singh made Sirhind, Tohana, Mansa, Bathinda, Sangrur and Barnala, Fatehabad District part of Patiala State.

In 1809, Patiala State came under British protection during the reign of Raja-e-Rajgan Sahib Singh (1773–1813), under the Treaty of Amritsar.

During the British era, Patiala district in Patiala State consisted of two tehsils: Patiala and Rajpura.[2] After integration, Patiala district was reorganized by incorporating areas from Nabha State, along with seven villages near Wazidpur and the Kularan area from the former Jind State,[3] forming a district with three tehsils: Nabha, Patiala, and Rajpura & District became part of the Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU).[4]

Later, in 1953, the districts of Fatehgarh Sahib and Kohistan were merged into Patiala district.[5] Kohistan district had been formed earlier from the entire Nalagarh State and parts of Patiala & Kalsia State.[6] [2] It comprised three tehsils: Nalagarh, Kandaghat, and Dera Bassi.[4]

After the merger, the Dera Bassi tehsil was abolished and incorporated into Rajpura tehsil. In 1956, PEPSU was dissolved and merged into the state of Punjab. In 1959, the entire Nalagarh tehsil was transferred to Ambala district, while the Kandaghat tehsil was divided—its Pinjore Kanungo Circle was transferred to Kharar tehsil of Ambala district, and the remaining portion was transferred to Shimla district.[5]

On 13 April 1992, the day of Baisakhi, Fatehgarh Sahib was carved out as a separate district.[7] Later, in April 2006, when SAS Nagar (Mohali) district was created, the Dera Bassi area was included in the newly formed district.[8]

Geography

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This district contains many small hill ranges that are part of the Shivalik Hills.

Divisions

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The district is divided into three sub-divisions: Patiala, Rajpura and Nabha, which are further divided into six tehsils: Patiala, Rajpura, Nabha, Samana, Dudhan Sadhan and Pattran. It also comprises ten blocks, Patiala, Rajpura, Nabha and Samana, Patran, Ghanour, Shambhu kalan, Sanour, Patiala Rural, Bhunerheri.[9]

There are nine Punjab Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in this district: Patiala Urban, Patiala Rural, Rajpura, Nabha, Samana, Ghanaur, Shutrana, Sanaur, and Patran.[10] All of these are part of Patiala Lok Sabha constituency.[11]

Industry

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Patiala is fast emerging as an important industrial growth center on the industrial map of the state. Besides traditional goods, high quality and sophisticated items are now produced including small cutting tools, power cables, Vanaspati ghee, bicycles, and agriculture implements including harvester combines and threshers, milk products, and pesticides. The industrial units are scattered all over the district mainly at Rajpura, Patiala, Samana, and Nabha. There are large and medium industrial units located at Rajpura producing Vanaspati ghee, power cables, bicycles, and bicycle components and at Dera Bassi producing spun-yarn and alcohol. Among the small scale industry in the district are those producing agriculture implements, rice shellers, cutting tools, electrical goods, and bakeries. There are industrial focal points at Patiala, Rajpura, Nabha, and Dera Bassi and two industrial estates at Rajpura, Patiala.

Demographics

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Patiala having a population of 1,895,686 is the 4th most populated district of Punjab after Ludhiana, Amritsar, and Jalandhar as per the 2011 census.[12]

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1951482,517—    
1961673,730+3.39%
1971855,029+2.41%
19811,112,368+2.67%
19911,343,517+1.91%
20011,584,780+1.67%
20111,895,686+1.81%
source:[13]

According to the 2011 census, Patiala district has a population of 1,895,686,[14] roughly equal to the nation of Slovenia[15] or the US state of Mississippi.[16] This gives it a ranking of 248th in India (out of a total of 640).[14] The district has a population density of 596 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,540/sq mi).[14] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 19.4%.[14] Patiala has a sex ratio of 888 females for every 1000 males,[14] and a literacy rate of 76.3%. Scheduled Castes made up 24.55% of the population.[14]

Gender

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The table below shows the sex ratio of Patiala district through decades.

Sex ratio of Patiala district[17]
Census Year 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Sex Ratio 809 831 850 870 882 875 891

The table below shows the child sex ratio of children below the age of 6 years in the rural and urban areas of Patiala district.

Child sex ratio of children below the age of 6 years in Patiala district[18]
Year Urban Rural
2011 852 827
2001 794 769

Religion

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Religion in Patiala district (2011)[19]
Religion Percent
Sikhism
 
 55.91%
Hinduism
 
 41.32%
Islam
 
 2.11%
Other
 
 0.65%

The table below shows the population of different religions in absolute numbers in the urban and rural areas of Patiala district.

Absolute numbers of different religious groups in Patiala district[20]
Religion Urban (2011) Rural (2011) Urban (2001) Rural (2001) Urban (1991) Rural (1991)
Hindu 4,53,619 3,29,687 3,86,288 3,92,139 2,95,473 3,68,233
Sikh 2,88,984 7,70,960 2,45,618 7,78,928 1,63,175 7,14,590
Muslim 13,812 26,231 8,237 26,591 2,899 19,275
Christian 2,847 2,836 1,864 1,901 651 1,736
Other religions 4,018 2,692 2,703 665 2,097 769

Language

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Languages of Patiala district (2011)[21]
  1. Punjabi (89.61%)
  2. Hindi (7.79%)
  3. Saraiki (1.24%)
  4. Others (1.36%)

At the time of the 2011 census, 89.61% of the population spoke Punjabi, 7.79% Hindi and 1.24% Saraiki as their first language.[21]

Health

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The table below shows the data from the district nutrition profile of children below the age of 5 years, in Patiala, as of year 2020.

District nutrition profile of children under 5 years of age in Patiala, year 2020 [22]
Indicators Number of children (<5 years) Percent (2020) Percent (2016)
Stunted 29,979 20% 18%
Wasted 14,650 10% 12%
Severely wasted 2,611 2% 5%
Underweight 24,977 17% 14%
Overweight/obesity 634 0.4% 6%
Anemia 101,704 77% 49%
Total children 147,534

The table below shows the district nutrition profile of Patiala of women between the ages of 15 and 49 years, as of year 2020.

District nutritional profile of Patiala of women of 15-49 years, in 2020[23]
Indicators Number of women (15-49 years) Percent (2020) Percent (2016)
Underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m^2) 86,269 14% 10%
Overweight/obesity 264,038 43% 35%
Hypertension 176,353 29% 18%
Diabetes 113,959 19% NA
Anemia (non-preg) 400,579 65% 41%
Anemia (preg) 21,607 72% 37%
Total women (preg) 30,156
Total women 615,329

The table below shows the current use of family planning methods by currently married women between the ages of 15 and 49 years, in Patiala district.

Family planning methods used by women between the ages of 15 and 49 years, in Patiala district[24]
Method Total (2015–16) Urban (2015–16) Rural (2015–16)
Female sterilization 34.5% 31.0% 37.3%
Male sterilization 0.4% 0.6% 0.2%
IUD/PPIUD 5.9% 3.9% 7.6%
Pill 5.2% 6.7% 3.9%
Condom 22.4% 26.9% 18.6%
Any modern method 68.5% 69.1% 67.9%
Any method 79.1% 79.4% 78.9%
Total unmet need 3.7% 4.3% 3.1%
Unmet need for spacing 2.1% 3.1% 1.2%

The table below shows the number of road accidents and people affected in Patiala district by year.

Road accidents and people affected in Patiala district by year[25]
Year Accidents Killed Injured Vehicles Involved
2022 648 412 437 984
2021 643 430 484 727
2020 512 339 380 774
2019 610 354 467 819

Topography

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Most of the area is plains in the form of agricultural land. The river Ghaghar remains dry during most part of the year. However, during the rainy season, it often causes flooding in the adjoining villages, which results in damage to the crops, livestock, and human lives. Other subsidiary rivers are Tangri Nadi, Patiala-Wali-Nadi, Sirhind Choe, and the Jhambowali Choe.

Apart from the natural water lines, the Bhakra Main Line canal, the Nawana Branch, and the Ghaghar Link are the most important. These canals are the backbone of the irrigation system of the district.

Politics

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No. Constituency Name of MLA Party Bench
109 Nabha (SC) Gurdev Singh Dev Maan Aam Aadmi Party Government
110 Patiala Rural Balbir Singh Aam Aadmi Party Government
111 Rajpura Neena Mittal Aam Aadmi Party Government
113 Ghanaur Gurlal Ghanaur Aam Aadmi Party Government
114 Sanour Harmit Singh Pathanmajra Aam Aadmi Party Government
115. Patiala Ajit Pal Singh Kohli Aam Aadmi Party Government
116 Samana Chetan Singh Jaura Majra Aam Aadmi Party Government
117 Shutrana (SC) Kulwant Singh Bazigar Aam Aadmi Party Government

Notable people

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Notes

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References

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  1. ^ "Table C-01 Population by Religious Community: Punjab". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  2. ^ a b Census Report 1941 Patiala State, BY Lt. Col. Sukhdev Singh, Superintendent, Census Operations, page 10, Census of India Digital Library
  3. ^ Punjab Phulkian States Gazetteers, Volume XVII-A, 1904, p. 139. Available at Archive.org
  4. ^ a b 1951 Census of india, Punjab, Pepsu, Hiamchal, delhi, bilaspur Part- I Report
  5. ^ a b Page No. 10,11 - General Population Tables, Part II-A , Vol-XIII, Punjab - Census 1961
  6. ^ About Dera Bassi - https://dera-bassi.punjabonline.in/guide/about-dera-bassi?utm_source=chatgpt.com
  7. ^ About Fatehgarth sahib District nic.in
  8. ^ About Mohali District nic.in
  9. ^ Adm Setup Patiala District nic.in
  10. ^ "District Wise Assembly Constituencies" (PDF). Chief Electoral Officer, Haryana website. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
  11. ^ "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008" (PDF). The Election Commission of India. p. 157.
  12. ^ "2011, Table C-01 Population by Religious Community: Punjab". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  13. ^ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  14. ^ a b c d e f "District Census Hand Book – Patiala" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  15. ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011. Lesotho 2,124,886
  16. ^ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2011. Mississippi 1,852,994
  17. ^ "District-wise Decadal Sex ratio in Punjab". Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India. 21 January 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  18. ^ "District-wise Rural and Urban Child Population (0-6 years) and their sex ratio in Punjab". Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India. 21 January 2022. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  19. ^ "Patiala District Religion Data - Census 2011". www.census2011.co.in.
  20. ^ "Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India". 21 January 2022.
  21. ^ a b "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Punjab". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  22. ^ "About District Nutrition Profiles" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 June 2023.
  23. ^ "About District Nutrition Profiles" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 June 2023.
  24. ^ "National Family Health Survey - 4, 2015 -16, District Fact Sheet, Patiala, Punjab", http://rchiips.org/NFHS/FCTS/PB/PB_FactSheet_48_Patiala.pdf
  25. ^ "Road Accidents in Punjab". punjab.data.gov.in. 21 January 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
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