Portal:1970s

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The 1970s (pronounced "nineteen-seventies"; commonly shortened to the "Seventies" or the "'70s") was a decade that began on January 1, 1970, and ended on December 31, 1979.

In the 21st century, historians have increasingly portrayed the 1970s as a "pivot of change" in world history, focusing especially on the economic upheavals^[1] that followed the end of the postwar economic boom.^[2] On a global scale, it was characterized by frequent coups, domestic conflicts and civil wars, and various political upheavals and armed conflicts which arose from or were related to decolonization, and the global struggle between NATO, the Warsaw Pact, and the Non-Aligned Movement. Many regions had periods of high-intensity conflict, notably Southeast Asia, the Mideast, and Africa.

In the Western world, social progressive values that began in the 1960s, such as increasing political awareness and economic liberty of women, continued to grow. In the United Kingdom, the 1979 election resulted in the victory of its Conservative leader Margaret Thatcher, the first female British Prime Minister. Industrialized countries experienced an economic recession due to an oil crisis caused by oil embargoes by the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries. The crisis saw the first instance of stagflation which began a political and economic trend of the replacement of Keynesian economic theory with neoliberal economic theory, with the first neoliberal government coming to power with the 1973 Chilean coup d'état. The 1970s was also an era of great technological and scientific advances; since the appearance of the first commercial microprocessor, the Intel 4004 in 1971, the decade was characterised by a profound transformation of computing units – by then rudimentary, spacious machines – into the realm of portability and home accessibility.

On the other hand, there were also great advances in fields such as physics, which saw the consolidation of quantum field theory at the end of the decade, mainly thanks to the confirmation of the existence of quarks and the detection of the first gauge bosons in addition to the photon, the Z boson and the gluon, part of what was christened in 1975 as the Standard Model.

In Asia, the People's Republic of China's international relations changed significantly following its recognition by the United Nations, the death of Mao Zedong and the beginning of market liberalization by Mao's successors. Despite facing an oil crisis due to the OPEC embargo, the economy of Japan witnessed a large boom in this period, overtaking the economy of West Germany to become the second-largest in the world.^[3] The United States withdrew its military forces from the Vietnam War. In 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, which led to the Soviet–Afghan War.

The 1970s saw an initial increase in violence in the Middle East as Egypt and Syria declared war on Israel, but in the late 1970s, the situation in the Middle East was fundamentally altered when Egypt signed the Egyptian–Israeli Peace Treaty. Political tensions in Iran exploded with the Iranian Revolution in 1979, which overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty and established an Islamic republic under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini.

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Presidential elections were held in the United States on November 2, 1976. The Democratic ticket of former Georgia governor Jimmy Carter and Minnesota senior senator Walter Mondale narrowly defeated the Republican ticket of incumbent president Gerald Ford and Kansas junior senator Bob Dole. This was the first presidential election since 1932 in which the incumbent was defeated, as well as the only one of the six presidential elections from 1968 to 1988 to have the Democratic Party ticket win.

Ford ascended to the presidency when Richard Nixon resigned in 1974 in the wake of the Watergate scandal, which badly damaged the Republican Party and its electoral prospects. Ford previously served as Nixon's second vice president after his first vice president, Spiro Agnew, resigned in 1973 due to a bribery scandal. Ford promised to continue Nixon's political agenda and govern as a moderate Republican, causing considerable backlash from the conservative wing of his party. Ford narrowly prevailed against former California governor Ronald Reagan in the Republican primaries. Carter was unknown outside of his home state of Georgia at the start of the Democratic primaries, but he emerged as the front-runner after his victories in the first set of primaries. Campaigning as a political moderate within his own party and as a Washington outsider, Carter defeated numerous opponents to clinch the Democratic nomination. (Full article...)

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... that the 4,000-year-old Ravenswood standing stone now lies in a cul-de-sac in a 1970s Scottish housing estate?
... that a forest in northern Wisconsin was subject to nuclear-radiation testing in the 1970s?
... that the Indian director Manhar Raskapur's films Mulu Manek and Kadu Makrani were both remade during the 1970s?
... that the Yerevan Children's Art Museum deliberately kept no records from the 1970s to the 1990s?
... that ketchup chips were introduced in the 1970s along with other flavours such as grape and orange?
... that Rodger Bumpass, before becoming the voice of Squidward, was an announcer, film processor, and cameraman at an Arkansas TV station in the 1970s?

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Wonder in 2019

Stevland Hardaway Morris (/ˈstiːvlənd/ STEEV-lənd; né Judkins; born May 13, 1950), known professionally as Stevie Wonder, is an American singer-songwriter, musician, and record producer. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century, and is credited as a pioneer and influence by musicians across a range of genres that include R&B, pop, soul, gospel, funk, and jazz. A virtual one-man band during much of his peak years, Wonder's use of synthesizers and other electronic musical instruments in the 1970s reshaped the conventions of contemporary R&B. He also helped drive such genres into the album era, crafting his LPs as cohesive and consistent, in addition to socially conscious statements with complex compositions.

Blind since shortly after his birth, Wonder was a child prodigy who signed with Motown's Tamla label at the age of 11, where he was given the professional name Little Stevie Wonder. As a teenager he established himself as one of Motown's most successful acts, becoming known for his excited harmonica playing and high-pitched singing in hits such as "Uptight (Everything's Alright)", "I Was Made to Love Her", "For Once in My Life", and "My Cherie Amour"; his single "Fingertips" (1963) hit No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 when he was 13, making him the youngest solo artist ever to top the chart. Wonder's critical and commercial peak, termed his "classic period" (1972–1976), began with the albums Music of My Mind and Talking Book (1972), which abandoned the Motown sound in favor of a synthesizer- and keyboard-driven one. With Innervisions (1973), Fulfillingness' First Finale (1974), and Songs in the Key of Life (1976), he became the first Black musician to win the Grammy Award for Album of the Year and the only artist to have won the award with three consecutive album releases. (Full article...)

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The following are images from various 1970s-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1A young woman wearing a wrap dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 2Singer Barry Manilow wears his hair longish in the soft, layered style favoured by men in the 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 3Color TV-Game (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 4Idi Amin (from 1970s)
Image 5Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian president Anwar Sadat shake hands, Camp David, 1978 (from 1970s)
Image 6Microvision (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 7Singer Rod Stewart performing in 1976. He was one of the major British soft rock artists of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 8Pong arcade machine (1972) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 9Three Los Angeles Chicanos in 1974. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 10Bob Marley, 1980 (from 1970s in music)
Image 11Pedro Eugenio Aramburu (from 1970s)
Image 12Microvision (1979) is the first handheld game console that used interchangeable cartridges. (from 1970s)
Image 13Swedish model Ulla Jones dressed in a lurex halter top and matching flared trousers (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 14Line at a gas station in Maryland, June 15, 1979. (from 1970s)
Image 15Typical mid to late 1970s Ted gear, as worn by Shakin' Stevens. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 16Alan Bennett in 1973, wearing a wide necktie (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 17Footballer George Best wore long hair in 1976. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 18Death Race (1976) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 19AC/DC, August 1979 (from 1970s in music)
Image 20Salah Zulfikar and Zubaida Tharwat in The Other Man (1973) (from 1970s)
Image 21Susana Giménez wearing hotpants, 1977 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 22Apple II (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 23Punk pioneer Lene Lovich in 1979, with her trademark long plaited hair. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 24Clockwise from top-left:
- U.S. President Richard Nixon doing the V for Victory sign after his resignation from office following the Watergate scandal in 1974;
- The United States was still involved in the Vietnam War in the early decade. The New York Times leaked information regarding the nation's involvement in the war. Political pressure led to America's withdrawal from the war in 1973, and the Fall of Saigon in 1975 leading to evacuations of South Vietnamese that same year;
- The 1973 oil crisis causes a financial crisis throughout the developed world;
- Both the leaders of Israel and Egypt shake hands after the signing of the Camp David Accords in 1978;
- In 1971, the Pakistan Armed Forces commits the 1971 Bangladesh genocide to curb independence movements in East Pakistan, killing 300,000 to 3,000,000 people; this consequently leads to the Bangladesh Liberation War;
- The 1970 Bhola cyclone kills an estimated 500,000 people in the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan in November 1970, and became the deadliest natural disaster in 40 years;
- The Iranian Revolution of 1979 ousts Mohammad Reza Pahlavi who is later replaced by an Islamic theocracy led by Ayatollah Khomeini;
- The popularity of the disco music genre and subculture peaks during the mid-to-late 1970s.
(from 1970s)
Image 25The 1970 Bhola cyclone, considered the 20th century's worst cyclone disaster, kills an estimated 500,000 people in the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan during November 1970. (from 1970s)
Image 26Dave Schultz won Stanley Cup two times (from 1970s)
Image 27Ramones's lead guitarist Johnny Ramone performing in Toronto, 1977 (from 1970s in music)
Image 28Actress Raquel Welch in 1979, wearing the shoulder pads and "retro"-look tilted hat favored by designers at the time (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 29Haile Selassie was overthrown from power in Ethiopia, ending one of the longest-lasting monarchies in world history. (from 1970s)
Image 30Polistil VG2 Pong clone (1978), made in Italy (from 1970s in video games)
Image 31Mao Zedong wearing gray Zhongshan suit, 1972. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 32Isabel Perón becomes the first woman President of Argentina in 1974 and the first woman non-monarch head of state in the Western hemisphere. (from 1970s)
Image 33Woman in miniskirt, 1970 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 34Paul Anka in 1961 (from 1970s in music)
Image 35Bruce Lee fostered the popularity of martial arts cinema (from 1970s)
Image 36Park Chung Hee (from 1970s)
Image 37The world map of military alliances in 1970s: Western allies (blue), Non-aligned countries (green) and Soviet allies (red) (from 1970s)
Image 38An artist impression of an American Apollo spacecraft and Soviet Soyuz spacecraft docking, a propaganda portrait for the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project mission (from 1970s)
Image 39Example of glam rock costume worn by Roy Wood and Wizzard, early 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 40Atari 2600 (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 41Magnavox Odyssey (1972) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 42Commodore PET (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 43Charlie Rich (from 1970s in music)
Image 44Public at the farewell concert of Sui Generis (1975) (from 1970s)
Image 45The Bee Gees, in 1968 (from 1970s in music)
Image 46Aldo Moro (from 1970s)
Image 47British rock band Queen (pictured here in 1977) was considered to be one of the most influential bands of the '70s (as well as the '80s), along with American rock band Eagles and others (from 1970s)
Image 481976 flyer advertising the racing game Fonz (from 1970s in video games)
Image 49Apollo 17 Astronaut Gene Cernan becomes the last man on the Moon, December 13, 1972 (from 1970s)
Image 50Elton John was one of the most commercially successful solo pop acts of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 51By the early 1970s, miniskirts had reached an all-time popularity. This young English woman is wearing a fringed suede miniskirt, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 52A Women's Liberation march in Washington, D.C., 1970 (from 1970s)
Image 53Rigo Tovar (from 1970s in music)
Image 54Two women in 1979 wear the trendy tube tops, while the woman on the far left is wearing a rayon strapless dress (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 55Debbie Harry of Blondie in 1977. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 56Led Zeppelin, 1977 (from 1970s in music)
Image 57American casual attire, 1974. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 58Nixon displays the V-for-victory sign as he departs the White House after resigning (from 1970s)
Image 59English girl in the mid-1970s wearing a wide-sleeved shirt, belted at the waist. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 60King Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (from 1970s)
Image 61John Denver, 1975 (from 1970s in music)
Image 62Honda Civic sold well throughout the decade. (from 1970s)
Image 63Nixon and Zhou toast, 1972 (from 1970s)
Image 64Viking 1, the first of two spacecraft sent to Mars, takes this picture of the landing site in Chryse Planitia (1978) (from 1970s)
Image 65TRS-80 (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 66Intellivision (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 67Galaxian (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 68Henry Mancini (from 1970s in music)
Image 69Linda Ronstadt in 1976 (from 1970s in music)
Image 70Actress Camille Keaton in 1972. Throughout most of the decade, women preferred light, natural-looking make-up for the daytime. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 71The Swedish band ABBA was one of the most commercially successful European bands of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 72Mario Kempes scores the first goal in the 1978 World Cup Final for Argentina (from 1970s)
Image 73Pink Floyd performing The Dark Side of the Moon in 1973, the highest-selling album of the decade and one of the highest-selling of all time. (from 1970s)
Image 74Jose Jose (from 1970s in music)
Image 75Fashion models in Leipzig, GDR, 1972. One of the women is modelling a "maxi" dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 76The Vietnam War (1955–1975) (from 1970s)
Image 77British girls in 1975 in flared jeans (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 781970 Dodge Challenger Trans Am, an example of a muscle car in the earlier part of the decade. (from 1970s)
Image 79Los Angeles high school students, 1973. The tousled, blond surfer hair was popular for young men in southern California. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 80Singer Cher in 1971. In the 1970s, women's hair was usually worn long with a centre parting (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 81Hank Williams (from 1970s in music)
Image 82Queen, 1975 (from 1970s in music)
Image 83The British band The Bee Gees were one of the biggest musical acts of the 1970s leading the disco phenomenon (from 1970s in music)
Image 84Asteroids (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 85Diane von Fürstenberg's wrap dress, designed in the 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 86Pink Floyd, 1973 (from 1970s in music)
Image 87British rock band Killing Floor, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 881973 Volvo P1800 sportwagon. (from 1970s)
Image 89Home Pong console (museum recreation) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 90David Bowie in the early 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 91Egyptian military vehicles crossing the Suez Canal on October 7, 1973, during the Yom Kippur War. (from 1970s)
Image 92Jorge Luis Borges with admirers in 1976. (from 1970s)
Image 93Pakistan Army General A. A. K. Niazi signing surrender agreement before Sh. Jagjit Singh Aurora of Indian Army after getting defeated in the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War against East Pakistan, which eventually liberated as Bangladesh later. (from 1970s)
Image 94British singer Rod Stewart, 1976. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 95A couple at a prom in late 1970s: powder tuxedo and sleeved dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 96Steve McQueen with sideburns, 1972. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 97Flared jeans and trousers were popular with both sexes as can be seen at this East German disco party in 1977. In the socialist part of Germany (until 1990), the government regarded western influences on cultural life of their population very critical, but factually tolerated them in many fields. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 98Siouxsie Sioux of the English punk group Siouxsie and the Banshees. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 991974 Ford Mustang interior (from 1970s)
Image 100The CN Tower was completed in 1976, becoming the world's tallest free-standing structure. (from 1970s)
Image 101Margaret Thatcher shortly before becoming the United Kingdom's first woman Prime Minister in 1979. Thatcher's political and economic agenda began the first government committed to neoliberalism. (from 1970s)
Image 102African American couple, Michigan Avenue, Chicago, July 1975 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 103Singer Billy Preston in 1974 wearing an Afro hairstyle. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 104Concorde landing at Farnborough in September 1974 (from 1970s)
Image 105American First Lady Pat Nixon wears a shirt with the wide collar that was popular until the final years of the decade. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 106 Fairchild Channel F (1976) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 107Swedish model Efva Attling in a "midi" dress, Kings Road, London, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 108Atari 2600 (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 109Two punks from the late 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 110Kansas (from 1970s in music)
Image 111America's first space station Skylab in orbit February 8, 1974 (from 1970s)
Image 112Debby Boone song "You Light Up My Life" had the most weeks at number one in the US Billboard chart (from 1970s in music)
Image 113Loretta Lynn (from 1970s in music)
Image 114Voyager 1 passing by Jupiter's Great Red Spot February 25, 1979 (from 1970s)
Image 115United States President Jimmy Carter and Soviet premier Leonid Brezhnev sign the SALT II treaty, June 18, 1979, in Vienna, Austria (from 1970s)
Image 116Mid-70s Western-inspired outifts worn by country music group Asleep at the Wheel. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 117A West German schoolgirl with Schultüte in 1970, with a 'hippyish' outfit on. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 118Pong (1972) (from 1970s)
Image 119El Tri Band founder Alex Lora, on stage with the band in 2006 (from 1970s in music)
Image 120The early 1970s' fashions were a continuation of the hippie look from the late 1960s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 1211979 Iranian Revolution (from 1970s)
Image 122The first Military Junta after the 1976 Coup d'État in Argentina, integrated by Jorge Videla, Emilio Massera and Orlando Agosti (from 1970s)
Image 123Anti-war protest against the Vietnam War in Washington, D.C., on April 24, 1971. (from 1970s)
Image 124Redd Foxx and Demond Wilson from Sanford and Son (from 1970s)
Image 125Frisbee player Ken Westerfield wearing drawstring bell bottoms in the late 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 126Silk scarves were popular fashion accessories for women in the 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 127In 1971 hotpants, long sideburns and bell-bottomed trousers were popular fashion trends (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 128Girl in 1973 with a "flicked" hairstyle. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 129VT100 (1978) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 130British rock band Led Zeppelin was one of the most popular and influential bands of the 1970s. The band's heavy, guitar-driven sound has led them to be cited as one of the progenitors of heavy metal. (from 1970s)
Image 131The Eagles (from 1970s in music)
Image 132Willie Nelson became one of the most popular country music artists during the 1970s. (from 1970s in music)

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