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The Chile Portal

The flag of Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, extending along a narrow strip of land between the Andes Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. According to the 2024 census, Chile had an enumerated population of 18.5 million. The country covers a territorial area of 756,102 square kilometers (291,933 sq mi), sharing borders with Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. It also administers several Pacific islands, including Juan Fernández, Isla Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island, and claims about 1,250,000 square kilometers (480,000 sq mi) of Antarctica as the Chilean Antarctic Territory. The capital and largest city is Santiago, and the national language is Spanish.

Spain conquered and colonized the region in the mid-16th century, replacing Inca rule; however, they failed to conquer the autonomous tribal Mapuche people who inhabited what is now south-central Chile. Chile emerged as a relatively stable authoritarian republic in the 1830s after their 1818 declaration of independence from Spain. During the 19th century, Chile experienced significant economic and territorial growth, putting an end to Mapuche resistance in the 1880s and gaining its current northern territory in the War of the Pacific (1879–83) by defeating Peru and Bolivia.

In the 20th century, up until the 1970s, Chile underwent a process of democratization and experienced rapid population growth and urbanization, while relying increasingly on exports from copper mining to support its economy. During the 1960s and 1970s, the country was marked by severe left-right political polarization and turmoil, which culminated in the September 11, 1973 coup d'état that overthrew Salvador Allende's democratically elected left-wing government, with support from the United States. This was followed by a 16-and-a-half-year right-wing military dictatorship led by Augusto Pinochet, during which the 1980 Constitution was enacted, along with numerous political and economic reforms, and which was marked by widespread human rights violations, including more than 3,000 deaths and disappearances. The regime ended in 1990, following a referendum in 1988, and was succeeded by a center-left coalition, which ruled until 2010. (Full article...)

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José María Caro Martínez (Spanish pronunciation: [xoˈse maˈɾia ˈkaɾo maɾˈtineθ] ⓘ; 1830 – 11 November 1916) was a Chilean politician and civil servant. In May 1894, he was unanimously elected as the first mayor of the commune of Pichilemu, with Pedro Nolasco de Mira and Francisco Reyes made second and third magistrate respectively. Caro Martínez had previously served for several years as administrator or llavero of the San Antonio de Petrel hacienda and, between 1891 and 1892, was the Subdelegate of the 13th Subdelegation of San Fernando Department which comprised the district of Cáhuil.

The eleven-year mayorship of Caro Martínez, which lasted from 1894 and 1905, was described by journalist and local historian José Arraño Acevedo as "the most fruitful" in the history of the commune. In his four terms, Caro Martínez built roads connecting Pichilemu and San Fernando, capital of the department of the same name, and founded several schools in Pichilemu and parts of current Marchigüe. (Full article...)

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San Alberto Hurtado

Alberto Hurtado, SJ (Latin American Spanish: [alˈβeɾto wɾˈtaðo]; born Luis Alberto Hurtado Cruchaga; January 22, 1901 – August 18, 1952), popularly known as Padre Hurtado, was a Chilean Jesuit priest, lawyer, social worker, and writer of Basque ancestry. He founded the Hogar de Cristo foundation in 1944.

Hurtado was canonized on October 23, 2005, by Pope Benedict XVI, becoming his country's second saint. (Full article...)

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Traditional flag of the Mapuche

The Mapuche (/məˈpuːtʃi/ mə-POO-chee, Mapuche and Spanish: [maˈputʃe]), also known as Araucanians, are a group of Indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina, including parts of Patagonia. The collective term refers to a wide-ranging ethnicity composed of various groups who share a common social, religious, and economic structure, as well as a common linguistic heritage as Mapudungun speakers. Their homelands once extended from Choapa Valley to the Chiloé Archipelago and later spread eastward to Puelmapu, a land comprising part of the Argentine pampa and Patagonia. Today the collective group makes up over 80% of the Indigenous peoples in Chile and about 9% of the total Chilean population .The Mapuche are concentrated in the Araucanía region. Many have migrated from rural areas to the cities of Santiago and Buenos Aires for economic opportunities. More than 92% of the Mapuches are from Chile.

The Mapuche traditional economy is based on agriculture; their traditional social organization consists of extended families, under the direction of a lonko or chief. In times of war, the Mapuche would unite in larger groupings and elect a toki (meaning "axe" or "axe-bearer") to lead them. Mapuche material culture is known for its textiles and silverwork. (Full article...)

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Recognized content

Good articles

  • 360-degree Panorama of the Southern Sky edit
    360-degree Panorama of the Southern Sky edit
  • A 360 degree panorama of a unique cloudscape over La Silla
    A 360 degree panorama of a unique cloudscape over La Silla
  • Culpeo MC
    Culpeo MC
  • FCAB EMD GT22CU-3 San Pedro - Ascotan
    FCAB EMD GT22CU-3 San Pedro - Ascotan
  • Géiseres del Tatio, Atacama, Chile, 2016-02-01, DD 03-05 HDR
    Géiseres del Tatio, Atacama, Chile, 2016-02-01, DD 03-05 HDR
  • Laguna Miñiques, Chile, 2016-02-08, DD 33-38 PAN
    Laguna Miñiques, Chile, 2016-02-08, DD 33-38 PAN
  • Laser Towards Milky Ways Centre
    Laser Towards Milky Ways Centre
  • Miscanti Lagoon near San Pedro de Atacama Chile Luca Galuzzi 2006
    Miscanti Lagoon near San Pedro de Atacama Chile Luca Galuzzi 2006
  • Moai Rano raraku
    Moai Rano raraku
  • SQM GE 289A Boxcab Carmelita - Reverso
    SQM GE 289A Boxcab Carmelita - Reverso
  • The European Extremely Large Telescope
    The European Extremely Large Telescope
  • Volcanos Lascar left and Aguas Calientes right
    Volcanos Lascar left and Aguas Calientes right
  • Volcán Aucanquilcha, Chile, 2016-02-10, DD 11
    Volcán Aucanquilcha, Chile, 2016-02-10, DD 11
  • Volcán San Pedro, Chile, 2016-02-09, DD 18
    Volcán San Pedro, Chile, 2016-02-09, DD 18
  • Vortex-street-1
    Vortex-street-1

WikiProjects

WikiProject Chile
WikiProject Chile
WikiProject South America WikiProject Latin America WikiProject Countries WikiProject Antarctica
South America Latin America Countries Antarctica

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