Portal:Coffee

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The Coffee Portal

Introduction

A cup of black coffee

Coffee is a beverage prepared from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It has the highest sales in the world market for hot drinks.

Seeds of the Coffea plant's fruits are separated to produce unroasted green coffee beans. The beans are roasted and then ground into fine particles that are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. It is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. Coffee can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, French press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). Sugar, sugar substitutes, milk, and cream are often used to mask the bitter taste or enhance the flavor.

Though coffee is now a global commodity, it has a long history tied closely to food traditions around the Red Sea. The earliest credible evidence of coffee drinking in the form of the modern beverage appears in modern-day Yemen from the mid-15th century in Sufi shrines, where coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a manner similar to current methods. The Yemenis procured the coffee beans from the Ethiopian Highlands via coastal Somali intermediaries and began cultivation. By the 16th century, the drink had reached the rest of the Middle East and North Africa, later spreading to Europe. In the 20th century, coffee became a global commodity, creating different coffee cultures around the world. (Full article...)

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A pre-World War I advertisement introduced G Washington's Coffee to the public. Advert from The New York Times, February 23, 1914.

George Constant Louis Washington^[I] (May 20, 1871 – March 29, 1946) was an American inventor and businessman. He is best remembered for his improvement of an early instant coffee process and for the company he founded to mass-produce it, the G. Washington Coffee Company.

An emigrant from his native Belgium, he arrived in the New York area in 1897. He dabbled in several technical fields before hitting upon manufacturing an adapted version of the nascent instant coffee, during a sojourn in Central America in 1906 or 1907. He began selling his coffee in 1909 and founded a company to manufacture it in 1910. Based in New York and New Jersey, his company prospered and became an important military supplier during World War I. The company's products were also advertised in New York newspapers and on the radio. The success of his company made Washington wealthy, and he lived in a mansion in Brooklyn and then moved to a country estate in New Jersey in 1927. In that same year, he lost a dispute with the tax authorities. Washington was married and had three children.

Washington's company was sold to American Home Products in 1943, shortly before his death. Though the coffee brand was discontinued by 1961, Washington's name is still used today in the product G. Washington's Seasoning & Broth. (Full article...)

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The following are images from various coffee-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Various grinders for coffee and spices (from Coffee preparation)
Image 2Café Zimmermann, Leipzig (engraving by Johann Georg Schreiber, 1732) (from History of coffee)
Image 3A 1652 handbill advertising coffee for sale in St. Michael's Alley, London (from History of coffee)
Image 4The Café de Flore in Paris is one of the oldest coffeehouses in the city. It is celebrated for its famous clientele, which included high-profile writers and philosophers. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 5Storyteller (meddah) at a coffeehouse in the Ottoman Empire. The first coffeehouses appeared in the Islamic world in the 15th century. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 6Les Deux Magots in Paris, once a famous haunt of French intellectuals (2006) (from Coffee culture)
Image 7An espresso by the glass in Trieste - in the local dialect "Nero in B" (from Coffee culture)
Image 8Monsooned Malabar arabica, compared with green Yirgachefe beans from Ethiopia (from History of coffee)
Image 9Coffeehouse in London, 17th century (from Coffeehouse)
Image 10A variation on the moka pot with the upper section formed as a coffee fountain (from Coffee preparation)
Image 11Coffeepot (cafetière "campanienne"), part of a service, 1836, hard-paste porcelain, Metropolitan Museum of Art (from History of coffee)
Image 12Wheel coffee grinder (from Coffee preparation)
Image 13Coffee break in Belgrade (2013) (from Coffee culture)
Image 14Café Mélange, Vienna (from Coffeehouse)
Image 15Moka pot (from Coffee preparation)
Image 16Drip coffee maker (from Coffee preparation)
Image 17A coffeehouse in Cairo, 18th century (from Coffeehouse)
Image 18Trieste from where the cappuccino spread. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 19Home espresso machine with pump (from Coffee preparation)
Image 20A shop specialised in drip coffee in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand (from Coffeehouse)
Image 21A Viennese coffeehouse (2004) (from Coffee culture)
Image 22Kaffa kalid coffeepot, by French silversmith François-Thomas Germain, 1757, silver with ebony handle, Metropolitan Museum of Art (from History of coffee)
Image 23Coffee house culture between Vienna and Trieste: the coffee, the newspaper, the glass of water and the marble tabletop (from History of coffee)
Image 24Family in Söderhamn, Sweden, seated for fika (c. 1916) (from Coffee culture)
Image 25Caffe Reggio on MacDougal Street in New York City's Greenwich Village which was founded in 1927 (from Coffeehouse)
Image 26Filter coffee being brewed (from Coffee preparation)
Image 27Café Kampela, Helsinki (from Coffeehouse)
Image 28Pope Clement VIII: The Pope who popularised coffee in Europe among Christians (from History of coffee)
Image 29Coffee plantation (from History of coffee)
Image 30Single serve Vietnamese drip filter (from Coffee preparation)
Image 31Commercial espresso machine (from Coffee preparation)
Image 32Cafés in central Tirana (2017) (from Coffee culture)
Image 33Coffeehouses often sell pastries or other food items (from Coffeehouse)
Image 3418th century French plan of Mocha, Yemen. The Somali, Jewish and European quarters are located outside the citadel. The Dutch, English, Turkish and French trading posts are inside the city walls. (from History of coffee)
Image 35Caffè San Marco in Trieste, known for its artists, writers and intellectuals (2014) (from Coffee culture)
Image 36Coffee grinder (from Coffee preparation)
Image 37Café neon sign in Breda (from Coffeehouse)
Image 38Central European Habsburg coffee house culture: news, coffee, the glass of water and the marble table top (2004) (from Coffee culture)
Image 39A coffee shop in Angeles City, Philippines (from Coffeehouse)
Image 40The word coffee in various European languages (from Coffeehouse)
Image 41In a pour-over, the water passes through the coffee grounds, gaining soluble compounds to form coffee. Insoluble compounds remain within the coffee filter. (from Coffee preparation)
Image 42Café Tortoni is an emblematic café in Buenos Aires. Frequented by Jorge Luis Borges among many other figures of Argentina. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 43Caffè Florian in Venice (2015) (from Coffee culture)
Image 44Allow cold brew to steep for 8 to 24 hours (from Coffee preparation)
Image 45Interior of an espresso bar from Baliuag, Philippines (from Coffeehouse)
Image 46A coffee bearer, from the Ottoman quarters in Cairo (1857) (from Coffee culture)
Image 47A Viennese café (from Coffeehouse)
Image 48Home espresso machine without pump (only with steam pressure) (from Coffee preparation)
Image 49Caffè Florian in Venice (from Coffeehouse)
Image 50The Federal Coffee Palace, built on Collins Street, Melbourne, in 1888, was the largest and grandest Coffee Palace ever built. It was demolished in 1973. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 51A coffee shop at a library in Melbourne (2006) (from Coffee culture)
Image 52"Discussing the War in a Paris Café", The Illustrated London News, 17 September 1870 (from Coffeehouse)
Image 53Dutch engraving of Mocha in 1692 (from History of coffee)
Image 54Palestinian women grinding coffee, 1905 (from History of coffee)
Image 55The Coffee Bearer by John Frederick Lewis (1857) (from History of coffee)
Image 56Roadside cafe on the summer terrace. Buryatia, Russia (from Coffeehouse)
Image 57Centre Place, Melbourne. Australia is considered the birthplace of the "flat white". (from Coffeehouse)
Image 58On-campus coffeehouse at Pensacola Christian College (from Coffeehouse)
Image 59A cup of coffee with cheesecake at a cafe in Helsinki, Finland (from Coffee culture)
Image 60Rumah Loer, a contemporary-style coffee shop (Indonesian: rumah kopi kekinian) in Palembang, Indonesia (from Coffeehouse)
Image 61Dutch coffee-roasting machine, c. 1920 (from Coffee preparation)
Image 62Ottoman miniature of a meddah performing at a coffeehouse (from Coffeehouse)
Image 63A café in a former church, Utrecht (from Coffeehouse)
Image 64A coffeehouse in Damascus (2003) (from Coffee culture)
Image 65Syrian Bedouin from a beehive village in Aleppo, Syria, sipping the traditional murra (bitter) coffee, 1930 (from History of coffee)

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... that in the 18th century the owners of Tom King's Coffee House developed their own argot, Talking Flash, to prevent informers learning of their misdeeds?

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Café Cubano (also known as Cuban espresso, Colada, Cuban coffee, cafecito, Cuban pull, and Cuban shot) is a type of espresso that originated in Cuba. Specifically, it refers to an espresso shot which is sweetened (traditionally with natural brown sugar which has been whipped with the first and strongest drops of espresso). However, the name is sometimes used to refer to coffee based drinks that include Cuban espresso as the main ingredient, such as café con leche.

Drinking café cubano remains a prominent social and cultural activity in Cuba and in Cuban-American communities, particularly in Miami, Tampa and the Florida Keys. (Full article...)

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French press

Credit: Yongbin

Coffee brewed with a French press

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... that Justly Watson died suddenly in 1757 from the effects of poison administered in his coffee, it was believed, by a servant?
... that the Chronicle of the 20th Century was so heavy that it was said to be "the first coffee table book seriously to threaten the well-being of coffee-tables"?
... that sniffing for coffee was once a highly paid job?
... that Arab Coffeehouse depicts Henri Matisse's visit to Tangier, where he saw its locals gaze for hours into fishbowls?
... that Monmouth Coffee Company in Covent Garden was one of the foundations for the third wave of coffee in London?
... that the Claudia Quintet was born out of an incident at alt.coffee?
... that the scale insect Saissetia coffeae attacks many other plants besides coffee?
... that actor Tatsunari Kimura ate pancakes and drank coffee while talking for eight hours during the filming of the television drama Old-Fashioned Cupcake?

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Web resources

World Coffee Research – a 501 (c)(5) nonprofit program of the international coffee industry. (Wikipedia article: World Coffee Research)
Coffee Research Foundation – based in Kenya, and founded in 1908
Central Coffee Research Institute – based in Chickmagalur District, India, and founded in 1915

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v t e Coffee
Topics	Economics Fair trade History International Coffee Day Single-origin coffee Third-wave coffee
Production	Coffee production List of countries by coffee production Coffee roasting Coffee wastewater Decaffeination Home roasting
Species and varieties	Arabica Benguet Blue Mountain Bonifieur Bourbon Geisha Kona Maracaturra Maragogipe Molokai S795 Sagada Charrieriana Liberica Barako Racemosa Robusta Sulu
Components	Cafestol Caffeic acid Caffeine Coffee bean Furan-2-ylmethanethiol Kahweol
Preparation	AeroPress Arabic coffee Jebena Brewed coffee Chemex Cezve Chorreador Coffeemaker Cold brew nitro Espresso doppio lungo ristretto Espresso machine French press Instant coffee Coffee syrup Knockbox Moka pot Neapolitan flip coffee pot Percolator Turkish coffee Vacuum maker Single-serve coffee container
Coffee drinks	Affogato Americano Beaten coffee Bica Bicerin Black Russian Cà phê sữa đá Café au lait Café com cheirinho Café con leche Café de olla Café Touba Caffè corretto Caffè crema Caffè macchiato Caffè mocha Cappuccino Carajillo Coffee cabinet Coffee milk Cortado Café Cubano Dalgona coffee Egg coffee Espresso Flat white Frappé coffee Frappuccino Galão Garoto Gassosa al caffè Iced coffee Indian filter coffee Ipoh white coffee Irish coffee Karsk Kopi Kopi luwak Kopi tubruk Kurdish coffee Latte macchiato Latte Liqueur coffee Long black Lungo Marocchino Mazagran Moretta Oliang Raf coffee Red eye Ristretto Rüdesheimer Kaffee Tenom coffee Turkish coffee White coffee White Russian Wiener Melange Yuenyeung
Organization lists	Bakery cafés Coffee companies Coffeehouses
Lifestyle	Barista Bikini barista Caffè sospeso Coffee break Coffee ceremony of Ethiopia and Eritrea CoffeeCon Coffee culture Coffee cupping Coffee palace Coffeehouse Historical coffeehouses Kopi tiam Latte art Viennese coffee house
Substitutes	Barley coffee Barley tea Barleycup Caro Cereal coffee Chicory Dandelion coffee Inka Maya nut Postum Qishr
Serving vessels	Coffee cup sleeve Cezve Demitasse spoon Tasse à café Zarf
Competitions	United States Barista Championship World Barista Championship World Brewers Cup
Misc.	Coffee and doughnuts Coffee bag Coffee service Coffee leaf rust Coffee wars Gustav III of Sweden's coffee experiment Canned coffee Coffee vending machine Used coffee grounds Sustainable coffee
Coffee portal Category: Coffee

v t e Coffee production by region
Top 20 producers (2014)	Brazil Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Ethiopia Guatemala Honduras India Indonesia Java Ivory Coast Mexico Nicaragua Papua New Guinea Peru Tanzania Thailand Uganda Vietnam
Other cultivators	Angola Bolivia China Cameroon Cuba Democratic Republic of the Congo East Timor Guadeloupe Guam Haiti Jamaica Kenya Laos Martinique Panama Paraguay Philippines Puerto Rico Sri Lanka United States (Hawaii) Venezuela
Lists	List of countries by coffee production List of countries by coffee exports

v t e Coffee in Italy
Roasters	illy Lavazza Massimo Zanetti Beverage Group Caffè Pascucci Caffè del Doge Guglielmo Caffè
Historical Coffeehouses	Antico Caffè Greco Caffè Bardi Caffè-Pasticceria Cova Caffè Florian Caffè Giubbe Rosse Caffè Lavena Caffè Michelangiolo Caffè Quadri Caffè San Marco Caffè Fiorio Caffè Gambrinus Gran Caffè Doney Palazzina Majani, Bologna Pedrocchi Café Antico Caffè Spinnato
People	Alfonso Bialetti Francesco Illy Luigi Lavazza Angelo Moriondo
Technology	Bialetti Caffitaly Cimbali FrancisFrancis De'Longhi Elektra Faema Gaggia La Marzocco Lelit Rancilio Saeco Smeg
Drinks	Affogato Barbajada Bicerin Bombardino Caffè corretto Caffè crema Caffè macchiato Espressino Espresso Lungo Ristretto Doppio Latte macchiato Marocchino Mocaccino Shakerato Gassosa al caffè Moretta
Other	Barista Caffè sospeso Easy Serving Espresso Pod Espresso machine IperEspresso ISSpresso Lavazza A Modo Mio Moka pot Neapolitan flip coffee pot