Portal:Coffee

The Coffee Portal

Introduction

Coffee is a beverage brewed from roasted, ground coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content, but decaffeinated coffee is also commercially available. There are also various coffee substitutes.

Coffee production begins when the seeds from coffee cherries (the Coffea plant's fruits) are separated to produce unroasted green coffee beans. The "beans" are roasted and then ground into fine particles. Coffee is brewed from the ground roasted beans, which are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out. It is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. Coffee can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, French press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). Sugar, sugar substitutes, milk, and cream are often added to mask the bitter taste or enhance the flavor.

Though coffee has become a global commodity, it has a long history tied closely to food traditions around the Red Sea. The earliest credible reports of coffee drinking pertain to the plant's use among the Sufis of Yemen (southern Arabia) in the middle of the 15th century. Up to the end of the 17th century, most of the world's coffee was imported from Yemen. But as the beverage gained in popularity, coffee started to be cultivated in Java in the 17th century, as well as in the Americas from the 18th century onward. (Full article...)

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Coffee production in Colombia has a reputation for producing mild, well-balanced coffee beans. Colombia's average annual coffee production of 11.5 million bags is the third total highest in the world, after Brazil and Vietnam, though highest in terms of the arabica bean. The beans are exported to United States, Germany, France, Japan, and Italy. Most coffee is grown in the Colombian coffee growing axis region, while other regions focus on quality instead of volumes, such as Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. In 2007, the European Union granted Colombian coffee a protected designation of origin status. In 2011, UNESCO declared the "Coffee Cultural Landscape" of Colombia, a World Heritage site.

The coffee plant had spread to Colombia by 1790. The oldest written testimony of the presence of coffee in Colombia is attributed to a Jesuit priest, José Gumilla. In his book The Orinoco Illustrated (1730), he registered the presence of coffee in the mission of Saint Teresa of Tabajé, near where the Meta river empties into the Orinoco. Further testimony comes from the archbishop-viceroy Caballero y Gongora (1787) who registered the presence of the crop in the north east of the country near Giron (Santander) and Muzo (Boyaca) in a report that he provided to the Spanish authorities. (Full article...)

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The following are images from various coffee-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Ripe Coffea arabica fruits (from Coffea)
Image 2A Viennese coffeehouse (2004) (from Coffee culture)
Image 3A Starbucks coffee shop in Knoxville, Tennessee with a drive-through (from Coffeehouse)
Image 4Coffea fruits, Bali (from Coffea)
Image 5A coffee shop at a library in Melbourne (2006) (from Coffee culture)
Image 6Caffè San Marco in Trieste, known for its artists, writers and intellectuals (2014) (from Coffee culture)
Image 7Nespresso paper pods (from Nespresso)
Image 8Cafés in central Tirana (2017) (from Coffee culture)
Image 9Beans inside a Coffea arabica fruit (from Coffea)
Image 10Nespresso machine containing professional-grade Nespresso pods, incompatible with the regular capsules (from Nespresso)
Image 11An English café at the close of the 17th century: men hang their hats on pegs and sit at long communal tables strewn with papers and writing implements. Coffee pots are ranged at an open fire, with a hanging cauldron of boiling water. The only woman present is separated in a canopied booth, from which she serves coffee in tall cups. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 12Wheel coffee grinder (from Coffee preparation)
Image 13A variation on the moka pot with the upper section formed as a coffee fountain (from Coffee preparation)
Image 14The port city Mocha in Yemen 1692. (from History of coffee)
Image 15A traditional aluminium pod (left) and a paper pod (right) compared (from Nespresso)
Image 16A coffee can from the first half of the 20th century. From the Museo del Objeto del Objeto collection. (from History of coffee)
Image 17Café Ekberg in Helsinki in 2024 (from Coffeehouse)
Image 18Coffeepot, by French silversmith François-Thomas Germain, 1757, silver with ebony handle, Metropolitan Museum of Art (from History of coffee)
Image 19Interior of an espresso bar in Baliwag, Philippines (from Coffeehouse)
Image 20Drip coffee maker (from Coffee preparation)
Image 21A 1652 handbill advertising coffee for sale in St. Michael's Alley, London (from History of coffee)
Image 22The Federal Coffee Palace, built on Collins Street, Melbourne, in 1888, was the largest and grandest "coffee palace" ever built. It was demolished in 1973. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 23The Café de Flore on the Rive Gauche in Paris is one of the oldest coffeehouses in the city. Its famous clientele included writers and philosophers. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 24Coffea fruit cross section (from Coffea)
Image 25Dutch engraving of Mocha in 1692 (from History of coffee)
Image 26Home espresso machine with pump (from Coffee preparation)
Image 2718th century French plan of Mocha, Yemen. The Somali, Jewish and European quarters are located outside the citadel. The Dutch, English, Turkish and French trading posts are inside the city walls. (from History of coffee)
Image 28Coffee house culture between Vienna and Trieste: the coffee, the newspaper, the glass of water and the marble tabletop (from History of coffee)
Image 29Single serve Vietnamese drip filter (from Coffee preparation)
Image 30Coffea arabica beans germinating (from Coffea)
Image 31Coffea arabica flowers (from Coffea)
Image 32Commercial espresso machine (from Coffee preparation)
Image 33Moka 2 Cup Coffee Fountain (from Coffee preparation)
Image 34Family in Söderhamn, Sweden, seated for fika (c. 1916) (from Coffee culture)
Image 35Evening Café Culture in Aix-en-Provence (from Coffee culture)
Image 36Coffeehouses often sell pastries or other food items. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 37A coffeehouse in Damascus (2003) (from Coffee culture)
Image 38Coffea flower (from Coffea)
Image 39Freshly harvested coffee cherries (from Coffea)
Image 40In a pour-over, the water passes through the coffee grounds, gaining soluble compounds to form coffee. Insoluble compounds remain within the coffee filter. (from Coffee preparation)
Image 41Rumah Loer, a contemporary-style coffee shop (Indonesian: rumah kopi kekinian) in Palembang, Indonesia (from Coffeehouse)
Image 42The base of a first-generation Nespresso machine capsule holder; as well as the raised squares which controls capsule rupture points, the holes between the squares through which the espresso exits the holder are also visible (from Nespresso)
Image 43Central European Habsburg coffee house culture: news, coffee, the glass of water and the marble table top (2004) (from Coffee culture)
Image 44A coffeehouse in Cairo, 18th century (from Coffeehouse)
Image 45Syrian Bedouin from a beehive village in Aleppo, Syria, sipping the traditional murra (bitter) coffee, 1930 (from History of coffee)
Image 46Palestinian women grinding coffee, 1905 (from History of coffee)
Image 47German Empot coffee maker (from Coffee preparation)
Image 48Coffea branches (from Coffea)
Image 49A Viennese café (from Coffeehouse)
Image 50Caffè Florian in Venice (2015) (from Coffee culture)
Image 51Allow cold brew to steep for 8 to 24 hours. (from Coffee preparation)
Image 52Coffeepot (cafetière "campanienne"), part of a service, 1836, hard-paste porcelain, Metropolitan Museum of Art (from History of coffee)
Image 53The word for coffee in various European languages (from Coffeehouse)
Image 54Coffea racemosa fruits (from Coffea)
Image 55Various grinders for coffee and spices (from Coffee preparation)
Image 56Café Zimmermann, Leipzig (engraving by Johann Georg Schreiber, 1732) (from History of coffee)
Image 57Pope Clement VIII: The Pope who popularised coffee in Europe among Christians (from History of coffee)
Image 58The Coffee Bearer by John Frederick Lewis (1857) (from History of coffee)
Image 59Moka pot (from Coffee preparation)
Image 60Filter coffee being brewed (from Coffee preparation)
Image 61Café Tortoni is a café in Buenos Aires frequented by Jorge Luis Borges among other public figures. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 62Les Deux Magots in Paris, once a famous haunt of French intellectuals (2006) (from Coffee culture)
Image 63Centre Place, Melbourne. Australia and New Zealand have competing claims to being the birthplace of the "flat white". (from Coffeehouse)
Image 64A Nespresso store at Plaza Indonesia (from Nespresso)
Image 65"Discussing the War in a Paris Café", The Illustrated London News, 17 September 1870, during the Franco-Prussian War (from Coffeehouse)
Image 66A pair of the VertuoLine style pods (from Nespresso)
Image 67Pollen grains of Coffee plant (from Coffea)
Image 68A coffee shop in Bacoor, Philippines (from Coffeehouse)
Image 69Coffee grinder (from Coffee preparation)
Image 70Dutch coffee-roasting machine, c. 1920 (from Coffee preparation)
Image 71Coffee plantation (from History of coffee)
Image 72A shop specializing in drip coffee in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand (from Coffeehouse)
Image 73A cup of coffee with cheesecake at a cafe in Helsinki, Finland (from Coffee culture)
Image 74Monsooned Malabar arabica, compared with green Yirgachefe beans from Ethiopia (from History of coffee)
Image 75Brasserie Léopold in Aix-en-Provence (from Coffeehouse)
Image 76A pair of Nespresso Magimix M100 machines (from Nespresso)
Image 77A coffee bearer, from the Ottoman quarters in Cairo (1857) (from Coffee culture)
Image 78Caffè Florian in Venice (from Coffeehouse)
Image 79A Nespresso store in Lugano, Switzerland (from Nespresso)
Image 80Statue of Fernando Pessoa by Lagoa Henriques, next to the A Brasileira café, in Chiado, Lisbon (from Coffeehouse)
Image 81A VertuoLine machine and capsules (from Nespresso)
Image 82Home espresso machine without pump (only with steam pressure) (from Coffee preparation)
Image 83Caffe Reggio on MacDougal Street in Manhattan, founded in 1927 (from Coffeehouse)

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... that Coffea arabica accounts for one-fifth of the total production of coffee in the Democratic Republic of the Congo?

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Marocchino is a coffee drink created in Alessandria, Italy. (Full article...)

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Coffee plantation

Credit: Shaun McRae

A coffee plantation in Quimbaya, Quindío, Colombia. View from the road to La Union (Quimbaya), looking south towards Montenegro.

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... that the city council of Bandung in the Dutch East Indies initially met at the site of a former coffee-packing factory?
... that the anti-Francoist guerrilla Marcelino Massana pranked the Civil Guard captain who was trying to kill him by paying for his coffee?
... that Indonesia's current state apparatus minister, Rini Widyantini, was appointed as spokesperson in a coffee morning event?
... that Steem peanut butter contained as much caffeine per serving as two cups of coffee?
... that Coffee Talk Episode 2: Hibiscus & Butterfly was released after the main creator of Coffee Talk died in March 2022?
... that Jim Coffeen was the one of the first two quarterbacks for the Green Bay Packers, then served as the team's first public address announcer?
... that in a copyright infringement case over a coffee-table history of the Grateful Dead, the Second Circuit held that a reuser can still claim fair use despite negotiating with the rights holder?
... that a Vancouver TV station was intended to stop the "$1,500 cup of coffee"?

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Web resources

World Coffee Research – a 501 (c)(5) nonprofit program of the international coffee industry. (Wikipedia article: World Coffee Research)
Coffee Research Foundation – based in Kenya, and founded in 1908
Central Coffee Research Institute – based in Chickmagalur District, India, and founded in 1915

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v t e Coffee
Topics	Economics Fair trade History International Coffee Day Single-origin coffee Third-wave coffee
Production	Coffee production Organic coffee Shade-grown coffee Sustainable coffee List of countries by coffee production Coffee roasting Coffee wastewater Decaffeination Home roasting
Species and varieties	Arabica Benguet Blue Mountain Bonifieur Bourbon Geisha Kona Maracaturra Maragogipe Molokai S795 Sagada Charrieriana Liberica Barako Racemosa Robusta Sulu Stenophylla
Components	Cafestol Caffeic acid Caffeine Coffee bean Furan-2-ylmethanethiol Kahweol
Preparation	AeroPress Arabic coffee Jebena Brewed coffee Chemex Cezve Chorreador Coffeemaker Cold brew nitro Drip coffee Espresso doppio lungo ristretto Espresso machine French drip Karlsbad coffee maker French press Instant coffee Coffee syrup Knockbox Moka pot Neapolitan flip coffee pot Net-filter coffee (Vietnamese) Percolator Turkish coffee Yazdi coffee Vacuum maker Single-serve coffee container
Coffee drinks	Affogato Americano Beaten coffee Bica Bicerin Black Russian Cà phê sữa đá Café au lait Café com cheirinho Café con leche Café de olla Café Touba Café tropeiro Caffè corretto Caffè crema Caffè macchiato Caffè mocha Cappuccino Carajillo Coffee cabinet Coffee milk Cortado Café Cubano Dalgona coffee Egg coffee Einspänner Espresso Flat white Frappé coffee Frappuccino Galão Garoto Gassosa al caffè Iced coffee Indian filter coffee Ipoh white coffee Irish coffee Karsk Kopi Kopi luwak Kopi tubruk Kurdish coffee Latte macchiato Latte Liqueur coffee Long black Lungo Marocchino Mazagran Moretta Oliang Raf coffee Red eye Ristretto Rüdesheimer Kaffee Tenom coffee Turkish coffee White coffee White Russian Wiener Melange Yazdi coffee Yuenyeung
Organization lists	Bakery cafés Coffee companies Coffeehouses
Lifestyle	Barista Bikini barista Caffè sospeso Coffee break Coffee ceremony of Ethiopia and Eritrea CoffeeCon Coffee culture Australia Former Yugoslavia Coffee cupping Coffee palace Coffeehouse Historical coffeehouses Kopi tiam Latte art Viennese coffee house
Substitutes	Barley coffee Barley tea Barleycup Caro Cereal coffee Chicory Dandelion coffee Inka Maya nut Postum Qishr
Serving vessels	Coffee cup sleeve Cezve Demitasse spoon Tasse à café Zarf
Competitions	United States Barista Championship World Barista Championship World Brewers Cup
Misc.	Canned coffee Coffee and doughnuts Coffee bag Coffee leaf rust Coffee service Coffee vending machine Coffee wars Gustav III of Sweden's coffee experiment International Coffee Organization Low acid coffee Specialty coffee Sustainable coffee Used coffee grounds
Coffee portal Category: Coffee

v t e Coffee production by region
Top 20 producers (2014)	Brazil Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Ethiopia Guatemala Honduras India Indonesia Java Ivory Coast Mexico Nicaragua Papua New Guinea Peru Tanzania Thailand Uganda Vietnam
Other cultivators	Angola Bolivia China Cameroon Cuba Democratic Republic of the Congo Guadeloupe Guam Haiti Jamaica Kenya Laos Martinique Panama Paraguay Philippines Puerto Rico Sri Lanka Timor-Leste United States (Hawaii) Venezuela
Lists	List of countries by coffee production List of countries by coffee exports

v t e Coffee in Italy
Roasters	illy Lavazza Massimo Zanetti Beverage Group Caffè Pascucci Caffè del Doge Guglielmo Caffè
Historical Coffeehouses	Antico Caffè Greco Caffè Bardi Caffè-Pasticceria Cova Caffè Florian Caffè Giubbe Rosse Caffè Lavena Caffè Michelangiolo Caffè Quadri Caffè San Marco Caffè Fiorio Caffè Gambrinus Gran Caffè Doney Palazzina Majani, Bologna Pedrocchi Café Antico Caffè Spinnato
People	Alfonso Bialetti Francesco Illy Luigi Lavazza Angelo Moriondo
Technology	Bialetti Caffitaly Cimbali FrancisFrancis De'Longhi Elektra Faema Gaggia La Marzocco Lelit Rancilio Saeco Smeg
Drinks	Affogato Barbajada Bicerin Bombardino Caffè corretto Caffè crema Caffè macchiato Espressino Espresso Lungo Ristretto Doppio Latte macchiato Marocchino Mocaccino Shakerato Gassosa al caffè Moretta
Other	Barista Caffè sospeso Easy Serving Espresso Pod Espresso machine IperEspresso ISSpresso Lavazza A Modo Mio Moka pot Neapolitan flip coffee pot