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Portal:Coronavirus disease 2019

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, the capital of China's Hubei province, and has since spread globally, resulting in the ongoing 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic. Common symptoms include fever, cough and shortness of breath. Other symptoms may include fatigue, muscle pain, diarrhea, sore throat, loss of smell and abdominal pain. While the majority of cases result in mild symptoms, some progress to viral pneumonia and multi-organ failure. As of 8 April 2020, more than 1.45 million[1] cases have been reported in more than 200 countries and territories, resulting in more than 83,500 deaths.[1] More than 308,000 people have recovered.[1]


The virus is mainly spread during close contact and by small droplets produced when those infected cough, sneeze or talk. These droplets may also be produced during breathing; however, they rapidly fall to the ground or surfaces and are not generally spread through the air over large distances. People may also become infected by touching a contaminated surface and then their face. The virus can survive on surfaces for up to 72 hours. It is most contagious during the first three days after onset of symptoms, although spread may be possible before symptoms appear and in later stages of the disease. The time from exposure to onset of symptoms is typically around five days, but may range from two to 14 days. The standard method of diagnosis is by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) from a nasopharyngeal swab. The infection can also be diagnosed from a combination of symptoms, risk factors and a chest CT scan showing features of pneumonia.


Recommended measures to prevent infection include frequent hand washing, social distancing (maintaining physical distance from others, especially from those with symptoms), covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue or inner elbow and keeping unwashed hands away from the face. The use of masks is recommended for those who suspect they have the virus and their caregivers. Recommendations for mask use by the general public vary, with some authorities recommending against their use, some recommending their use and others requiring their use. Currently, there is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for COVID-19. Management involves treatment of symptoms, supportive care, isolation and experimental measures. Read more...
20200403 Flatten the curve animated GIF.gif

About the virus

Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.jpg

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), colloquially known as the coronavirus and previously known by the provisional name 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus. It causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory illness. SARS-CoV-2 is contagious in humans, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has designated the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The strain was first discovered in Wuhan, China, so it is sometimes referred to as the "Wuhan virus" or "Wuhan coronavirus". Because the WHO discourages the use of names based upon locations and to avoid confusion with the disease SARS, it sometimes refers to SARS-CoV-2 as "the COVID-19 virus" in public health communications. The general public frequently calls both SARS-CoV-2 and the disease it causes "coronavirus", but scientists typically use more precise terminology.

Taxonomically, SARS-CoV-2 is a strain of Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV). It is believed to have zoonotic origins and has close genetic similarity to bat coronaviruses, suggesting it emerged from a bat-borne virus. An intermediate animal reservoir such as a pangolin is also thought to be involved in its introduction to humans. The virus shows little genetic diversity, indicating that the spillover event introducing SARS-CoV-2 to humans is likely to have occurred in late 2019. Read more...

Recent news

8 April 2020 – Socio-economic impact of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic
Following a collapse in print sales amid the coronavirus pandemic, The Jewish Chronicle and Jewish News newspapers enter voluntary liquidation and are to close. (The Guardian)
8 April 2020 – 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic
2020 coronavirus pandemic in Europe
2020 coronavirus pandemic in the United Kingdom
The Department of Health and Social Care reports 936 more deaths from COVID-19, the highest daily death toll in the country to date, bringing the UK's death toll to 7,095. (Metro)
7 April 2020 – 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic
2020 coronavirus pandemic in Asia
2020 coronavirus pandemic in Japan
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe declares a state of emergency to combat COVID-19. (Associated Press)

More news...

Disease progress

[show all]
Countries and territories[a] Cases[b] Deaths[c] Recov.[d] Ref.
225 1,450,343 83,568 308,617 [1]
United States[e] 402,823 12,929 22,500 [7][8]
Spain[f] 146,690 14,673 48,021 [10]
Italy[g] 135,586 17,127 24,392 [13]
Germany[h] 109,702 2,105 31,432 [14][15]
China (mainland)[i] 81,802 3,333 77,279 [16]
France[j] 78,167 10,328 19,337 [18][19]
Iran[k] 67,286 4,003 29,812 [25]
United Kingdom[l] 60,733 7,097 – [27]
Turkey 34,109 725 1,582 [28][29]
Belgium 23,403 2,240 4,681 [30]
Switzerland 22,488 846 8,704 [31]
Netherlands[m] 20,549 2,248 – [33]
Canada 18,465 402 4,333 [34]
Brazil 14,049 688 127 [35][36]
Austria 12,852 273 4,512 [37][38]
Portugal 12,442 345 184 [39]
South Korea 10,384 200 6,776 [40]
Israel[n] 9,404 72 801 [41]
Russia[o] 8,672 63 580 [45]
Sweden[p] 8,522 695 333 [46]
Norway[q] 6,042 93 – [47]
Australia[r] 6,015 50 2,813 [50]
Ireland 5,709 210 25 [51]
Denmark[s] 5,386 218 1,621 [53]
India 5,274 149 411 [54]
Chile 5,116 43 728 [55][56]
Czech Republic 5,033 91 181 [57]
Poland 5,000 136 222 [35][58]
Romania 4,761 209 528 [59]
Japan 4,257 81 632 [60]
Pakistan 4,183 58 467 [61]
Malaysia 4,119 65 1,487 [62]
Ecuador 3,995 220 140 [63]
Philippines 3,870 182 96 [64][65]
Luxembourg 2,970 44 310 [66]
Indonesia 2,956 240 222 [67]
Peru 2,954 107 1,231 [68][69]
Saudi Arabia 2,932 41 631 [70]
Mexico 2,785 141 633 [71][72]
United Arab Emirates 2,659 12 239 [73][74]
Finland[t] 2,487 40 – [78][79]
Serbia[u] 2,447 61 118 [81]
Thailand 2,369 30 888 [82]
Panama 2,249 59 16 [83]
Qatar 2,210 6 178 [84]
Dominican Republic 1,956 98 36 [85]
Greece 1,832 81 269 [86][87]
Colombia 1,780 50 100 [88]
South Africa 1,749 13 45 [89][90]
Argentina 1,715 60 266 [91]
Ukraine[v] 1,668 52 35 [92]
Singapore 1,623 7 406 [93][94]
Iceland 1,586 6 559 [95]
Algeria 1,468 193 90 [96][97]
Egypt[w] 1,450 94 276 [98][99]
Croatia 1,343 19 179 [100]
Morocco[x] 1,242 91 97 [102][103]
Estonia 1,185 24 69 [104]
Slovenia 1,091 40 102 [105]
Belarus 1,066 13 77 [106]
Moldova[y] 1,056 24 43 [107]
Iraq 1,031 64 344 [108]
New Zealand 969 1 282 [109]
Hong Kong 961 4 264 [110]
Lithuania 912 15 8 [111]
Hungary 895 58 94 [112]
Armenia 881 9 114 [113]
Kuwait 855 1 111 [114]
Azerbaijan[z] 822 8 63 [115]
Bahrain 821 5 467 [116]
Bosnia and Herzegovina 794 34 79 [117]
Diamond Princess[aa] 712 12 619 [118]
Kazakhstan 709 7 53 [119]
Cameroon 685 9 60 [120]
Tunisia 623 23 25 [121]
Puerto Rico 620 24 – [122]
North Macedonia 617 30 35 [123][124]
Bulgaria 593 24 42 [125]
Slovakia 581 2 13 [126]
Latvia 577 2 16 [35][127]
Lebanon 575 19 62 [128]
Andorra 564 23 52 [129]
Uzbekistan 545 3 30 [130]
Cyprus[ab] 484 14 47 [131]
Costa Rica 483 2 24 [132]
Uruguay 424 5 93 [133]
Afghanistan 423 11 18 [134]
Oman 419 2 72 [135]
Albania 400 22 154 [136]
Cuba[ac] 396 11 27 [137]
Burkina Faso 384 19 127 [138]
Taiwan 379 5 67 [139][140]
Réunion[ad] 358 0 40 [141]
Jordan 353 6 138 [142]
Ivory Coast 349 3 41 [143][144]
Honduras 312 22 6 [145]
Malta 299 0 5 [146]
Ghana 287 5 31 [147]
San Marino 279 34 40 [148]
Niger 278 11 26 [149]
Kyrgyzstan 270 4 25 [150]
Mauritius 268 7 – [151]
Palestine 263 1 44 [152]
Nigeria 254 6 44 [153]
Vietnam 251 0 126 [154]
Montenegro 248 2 4 [155]
Senegal 237 2 105 [156]
Bangladesh 218 12 33 [157][158]
Bolivia 210 15 2 [159]
Georgia[ae] 208 3 48 [160]
Sri Lanka 186 6 42 [161]
Faroe Islands 184 0 131 [162]
Kosovo[af] 184 5 30 [163]
DR Congo 180 18 9 [164]
USS Theodore Roosevelt[ag] 173 0 0 [5]
Kenya 179 6 7 [165]
Mayotte 171 2 22 [166]
Jersey 170 3 – [167]
Guernsey 166 4 34 [168]
Venezuela 166 7 65 [169]
Isle of Man[ah] 158 1 82 [170]
Martinique 152 4 50 [171]
Guinea 144 0 5 [7]
Guadeloupe 139 7 31 [172]
Brunei 135 1 91 [173][174]
Greg Mortimer 128 0 0 [175]
Guam[ai] 121 4 27 [8][176]
Cambodia 117 0 63 [177]
Paraguay 115 5 15 [178]
Gibraltar 113 0 60 [179]
Rwanda 105 0 7 [180]
Trinidad and Tobago 105 7 1 [181]
El Salvador 93 5 9 [182]
Northern Cyprus[aj] 91 2 29 [183]
Djibouti 90 0 9 [184]
Madagascar 88 0 2 [185]
Guatemala 87 3 17 [186]
Monaco 79 1 3 [187][188]
Liechtenstein 77 1 0 [189]
Aruba 74 0 14 [190]
French Guiana[ak] 72 0 34 [19][191]
Togo 65 3 23 [192]
Barbados 63 3 6 [193]
Jamaica 63 3 9 [194]
Mali 56 5 12 [195][196]
Ethiopia 52 2 4 [197]
Uganda 52 0 0 [198]
French Polynesia 47 0 0 [199]
Cayman Islands 45 1 6 [200]
Republic of the Congo 45 5 0 [201]
Macau 44 0 10 [202]
U.S. Virgin Islands 45 1 36 [203]
Sint Maarten 40 6 1 [204]
Bermuda 39 2 21 [205]
Zambia 39 1 3 [206]
Bahamas 36 6 5 [207]
Guinea-Bissau 33 0 0 [208]
Guyana 33 5 8 [209]
Saint Martin 32 2 11 [210]
Eritrea 31 0 0 [211]
Gabon 30 1 1 [212]
Benin 26 1 5 [213]
Haiti 25 1 – [214]
Tanzania 24 1 5 [7]
Myanmar 22 1 – [215]
Libya 20 1 1 [216]
Antigua and Barbuda 19 1 0 [217]
Maldives 19 0 13 [218]
Syria 19 2 3 [219]
New Caledonia 18 0 1 [220]
Angola 17 2 2 [221]
Equatorial Guinea 16 0 1 [222]
Namibia 16 0 2 [223][224]
Fiji 15 0 0 [225]
Mongolia 15 0 11 [226]
Dominica 14 0 0 [227]
Laos 14 0 0 [228]
Saint Lucia 14 0 0 [229]
Liberia 13 3 0 [230]
Curaçao 13 1 5 [231]
Coral Princess[al] 12 0 0 [233]
Grenada 12 0 0 [234]
Sudan 12 2 2 [235]
MS Zaandam & Rotterdam[am] 11 2 0 [237][238]
Zimbabwe 11 2 0 [239]
Saint Kitts and Nevis 11 0 0 [240]
Seychelles 11 0 0 [241]
Greenland 11 0 10 [242]
Northern Mariana Islands 11 2 – [243][244]
Suriname 10 1 3 [245][246]
Akrotiri and Dhekelia 10 0 0 [247]
Mozambique 10 0 1 [248]
Chad 10 0 2 [249]
Eswatini 10 0 4 [250]
Åland Islands 9 0 0 [251]
Nepal 9 0 1 [252][253]
Central African Republic 8 0 0 [103]
Malawi 8 1 0 [254]
Turks and Caicos Islands 8 1 – [255]
Montserrat 8 0 0 [256]
St. Vincent & the Grenadines 8 0 1 [257]
Somalia[an] 8 0 1 [258]
Belize 7 1 0 [259][260]
Cape Verde 7 1 0 [261]
Vatican City 7 0 – [262]
Sierra Leone 7 0 0 [263]
Botswana 6 1 0 [264]
Mauritania 6 1 2 [265]
Nicaragua 6 1 2 [266][267]
Saint Barthélemy 6 0 1 [210]
Donetsk People's Republic[ao] 5 0 0 [269]
Bhutan 5 0 2 [270]
Gambia 4 1 2 [271]
Luhansk People's Republic[ao] 4 0 0 [272]
São Tomé and Príncipe 4 0 0 [273]
Anguilla 3 0 0 [274]
British Virgin Islands 3 0 0 [275]
Burundi 3 0 0 [276]
Falkland Islands 2 0 0 [277]
Papua New Guinea 2 0 0 [278]
Sint Eustatius 2 0 0 [279][280]
Somaliland 2 0 0 [281][282]
South Sudan 2 0 0 [283]
Abkhazia 1 0 0 [284]
Artsakh 1 0 0 [285]
East Timor 1 0 0 [286]
Guantanamo Bay[ap] 1 0 0 [287]
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 1 0 0 [288]
As of 8 April 2020 (UTC) · History of cases: China, international
Notes
  1. ^ Countries, territories, and five international conveyances where cases were diagnosed. Nationality and location of original infection may vary. In some countries, the cases cover several territories, as noted accordingly.
  2. ^ Cumulative confirmed cases reported to date. The actual number of infections and cases are likely to be higher than reported.[2]
    Additionally, cases for pets or animals are not included.
  3. ^ Total deaths may not necessarily add up due to the frequency of values updating for each individual location.
  4. ^ Reported recoveries. May not correspond to actual current figures and not all recoveries may be reported. Total recoveries may not necessarily add up due to the frequency of values updating for each individual location.
    "–" denotes that no reliable or up-to-date data is currently available for that territory, not that the value is zero.
  5. ^ United States
    1. Figures include cases identified on the Grand Princess.
    2. Not all states or overseas territories report recovery data.
    3. Data is from unofficial trackers and not from the official Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
    4. Figures from the United States Department of Defense are only released on a branch-by branch basis since April 2020, without distinction between domestic and foreign deployment, and cases may be reported to local health authorities.[3]
    5. Figures from the Department of Defense are as follows:
      • The DoD reports a total of 2,528 cases, 6 deaths, and 176 recovered.[4]
      • The Navy reports 661 cases, 2 deaths, and 58 recovered.[5]
      • The Air Force reports 577 cases, 1 death, and 67 recovered.[6]
    6. Cases for the USS Theodore Roosevelt, currently docked at Guam, are reported separate from national figures, but included in the Navy's totals.
  6. ^ Spain
    1. Including the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla.
    2. Testing has been restricted to at-risk people showing symptoms.[9]
  7. ^ Italy
    1. Only at-risk people showing symptoms have been tested from 27 February 2020 and onwards.[11][12]
  8. ^ Germany
    1. Not all state authorities count recoveries.[14]
    2. Recoveries include estimations by the Robert Koch Institute.[14][15]
  9. ^ China
    1. Excluding 1,453 asymptomatic cases under medical observation as of 7 April 2020
    2. Asymptomatic cases were not reported prior to 31 March 2020.
  10. ^ France
    1. Testing has been restricted to at-risk people showing severe symptoms.[17]
    2. Excluding all Overseas departments and regions and Overseas collectivities.
    3. Recoveries only include hospitalised cases.[18][19]
  11. ^ Iran
    1. Due to a shortage of resources, testing is restricted to only severe cases.[20]
    2. Non-official sources inside and outside Iran report significantly higher numbers of infected and dead.[21][22][23][24]
  12. ^ United Kingdom
    1. Excluding all British Overseas Territories and Crown dependencies.
    2. As of 23 March 2020, the United Kingdom government does not publish the number of recoveries. Last update on 22 March reported 135 recovered patients.[26]
  13. ^ Netherlands
    1. All four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (i.e. the country - as opposed to the Kingdom - of the Netherlands - in this table row -, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten) are listed separately.
    2. Special municipalities are listed separately.
    3. The Dutch Government agency RIVM, responsible for the constituent country the Netherlands, does not count its number of recoveries[32]
  14. ^ Israel
    1. Excluding cases from the West Bank, which has been occupied by Israel since 1967.
    2. Including cases from the disputed Golan Heights, which was occupied and annexed by Israel in 1981 but remains internationally recognized as being under Syrian sovereignty.
  15. ^ Russia
    1. Including cases from the disputed Crimea, which was annexed by Russia in 2014 but remains internationally recognized as being under Ukrainian sovereignty.
    2. Excluding the cases from Diamond Princess cruise ship which are classified as "on an international conveyance".
    3. One fatality was not officially recorded by the Russian authorities as caused by coronavirus.[42][43][44]
  16. ^ Sweden
    1. Testing of suspected infections has been cut back in the whole country in the period around 12 March 2020, in order to focus efforts on people with increased risk of serious illness and complications.
  17. ^ Norway
    1. From 13 March 2020, testing of the normal population was discontinued, and is now only reserved for health professionals and acutely ill people in vulnerable groups.
    2. The Norwegian Institute of Public Health states that there are more infected people in Norway than the figures show. The dark figures are presumed to be higher because of limited testing.[47]
    3. Estimation of number of coronavirus infected:
      • As of 23 March 2020, according to figures from just over 40% of all GPs in Norway, 20,200 patients have been registered with the "corona code" R991. The figure includes both cases where the patient has been diagnosed with coronavirus infection through testing, and where the GP has used the "corona code" after assessing the patient's symptoms against the criteria by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health.[48]
      • As of 24 March 2020, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health estimates that between 7,120 and 23,140 Norwegians are infected with the coronavirus.[49]
  18. ^ Australia
    1. Excluding the cases from Diamond Princess cruise ship which are classified as "on an international conveyance". Ten cases, including one fatality recorded by the Australian government.
  19. ^ Denmark
    1. The autonomous territories of the Faroe Islands and Greenland are listed separately.
    2. From 12 March to 1 April 2020, testing primarily focused on people with more serious symptoms, vulnerable people and health professionals. Before and after this period testing was done more broadly, among others including people with mild symptoms and people that have been in close contact with an infected person.[52]
  20. ^ Finland
    1. Excluding the autonomous region of the Åland Islands.
    2. Not all suspected infections are tested. As of 31 March 2020, testing focuses on at-risk people and patients with severe symptoms of respiratory tract infection, as well as healthcare and social welfare personnel.[75] Specimens from mildly symptomatic and returning travellers can still be taken at the discretion of the treating physician.[76]
    3. There is no reliable or frequently published national data source which provides counts of recoveries. However, as of 1 April 2020, there have been hundreds of recoveries. The exact number is not known, as only a small proportion of patients have been hospitalized.[77]
  21. ^ Serbia
    1. Excluding cases from the disputed Kosovo, which unilaterally declared independence from Serbia in 2008.[80]
  22. ^ Ukraine
    1. Excluding cases from the disputed Crimea, which was annexed by Russia in 2014 but remains internationally recognized as being under Ukrainian sovereignty. Because the Russian authorities are tabulating cases from Crimea, they are included in the Russian total.
    2. Excluding cases from the unrecognized Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics.
  23. ^ Egypt
    1. Includes cases identified on the MS River Anuket.
  24. ^ Morocco
    1. Including cases in the disputed Western Sahara territory controlled by Morocco. There are no confirmed cases in the rest of Western Sahara.[101]
  25. ^ Moldova
    1. Including the disputed territory of Transnistria.
  26. ^ Azerbaijan
    1. Excluding the de facto state of Artsakh.
  27. ^ Diamond Princess
    1. The British cruise ship Diamond Princess was in Japanese waters, and Japanese administration was asked to manage its quarantine, with the passengers having not entered Japan. Therefore, this case is neither included in the Japanese government's official count nor in United Kingdom's one. The World Health Organization classifies the cases as being located "on an international conveyance".
  28. ^ Cyprus
  29. ^ Cuba
    1. Includes cases on the MS Braemar.
    2. Excluding cases from the Guantanamo Bay, which is governed by the United States.
  30. ^ Réunion
    1. Recoveries only include hospitalised cases.
  31. ^ Georgia
    1. Excluding the de facto state of Abkhazia.
  32. ^ Kosovo
    1. Excluding Serbia.
    2. Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the Republic of Kosovo and the Republic of Serbia.
  33. ^ USS Theodore Roosevelt
    1. Although currently docked at Guam, cases for the USS Theodore Roosevelt are currently reported separately.
  34. ^ Isle of Man
    1. Recoveries are presumed. Defined as "An individual testing positive for coronavirus who completes the 14 day self-isolation period from the onset of symptoms who is at home on day 15, or an individual who is discharged from hospital following more severe symptoms."[170]
  35. ^ Guam
    1. Cases for the USS Theodore Roosevelt, currently docked at Guam, are reported separately.
  36. ^ Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
    1. Cases from this de facto state are not counted by Cyprus.
  37. ^ French Guiana
    1. Recoveries only include hospitalised cases.
  38. ^ Coral Princess
    1. The cruise ship Coral Princess has tested positive cases since early April 2020, and has now docked in Miami.[232]
    2. Coral Princess's numbers are currently not counted in any national figures.
  39. ^ MS Zaandam and MS Rotterdam
    1. The cruise ship MS Zaandam became stranded off the coast of Chile after being denied entry to ports since 14 March 2020.
    2. The MS Rotterdam rendezvoused with the Zaandam on March 26 off the coast of Panama City to provide support and evacuate healthy passengers. Both transited the Panama canal, and have now docked in Florida.[236]
    3. MS Zaandam and Rotterdam's numbers are currently not counted in any national figures.
  40. ^ Somalia
    1. Excluding the de facto state of Somaliland.
  41. ^ a b Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republic
    1. Cases from these unrecognized territories are not counted by Ukraine.[268]
    2. Note that these territories are distinct from the Ukraine-administered regions of the Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts.
  42. ^ Guantanamo Bay
    1. Since April 2020, the Department of Defense has directed bases to not publicize case statistics.[3]


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Read more...

National responses

National responses to the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic have been varied, and have included containment measures such as lockdowns, quarantines, and curfews. The spread of COVID-19 to many countries around the world, with the most affected countries being the United States, Italy, Spain, China, France, Iran, Switzerland and South Korea. Read more...

Images

  • Featured picture Scanning electron microscope image of the virus emerging from the surface of cells

  • This images reveals ultra-structural morphology exhibited by the virus

  • Electron microscope image shows the virus isolated in a patient emerging from the surface of cells (pink)

  • Illustration of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the blood stream

More images...

Socio-economic impact

The 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic has had far-reaching consequences beyond the spread of the disease and efforts to quarantine it. As the pandemic has spread around the globe, concerns have shifted from supply-side manufacturing issues to decreased business in the services sector.

Supply shortages are expected to affect a number of sectors due to panic buying, increased usage of goods to fight the pandemic, and disruption to factories and logistics in mainland China, in addition, it also led to price gouging. There have been widespread reports of supply shortages of pharmaceuticals, with many areas seeing panic buying and consequent shortages of food and other essential grocery items. The technology industry, in particular, has been warning about delays to shipments of electronic goods. Read more...

Workplace

Hierarchy of Controls (By NIOSH).jpg

Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19 are the application of occupational safety and health methodologies for hazard controls to the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The proper hazard controls in the workplace depend on the worksite and job task, based on a risk assessment of sources of exposure, disease severity in the community, and risk factors of individual workers who may be vulnerable to contracting COVID-19.

Medium exposure risk jobs include those that require frequent or close contact with people who are not known or suspected with COVID-19, but may be infected due to ongoing community transmission or international travel. This includes workers who have contact with the general public such as in schools, high-population-density work environments, and some high-volume retail settings. Hazard controls for this group, in addition to basic infection prevention measures, include ventilation using high-efficiency air filters, sneeze guards, and having personal protective equipment available in case a person with COVID-19 is encountered.

OSHA considers healthcare and mortuary workers exposed to known or suspected person with COVID-19 to be at high exposure risk, which increases to very high exposure risk if workers perform aerosol-generating procedures on, or collect or handle specimens from, known or suspected person with COVID-19. Hazard controls appropriate for these workers include engineering controls such as negative pressure ventilation rooms, and personal protective equipment appropriate to the job task. Read more...

Testing

Laboratory testing for the respiratory coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the associated SARS-CoV-2 virus includes methods that detect the presence of virus and those that detect antibodies produced in response to infection.

The presence of viruses in samples is confirmed by RT-PCR, which detects the coronavirus' RNA. This test is specific and is designed to only detect the RNA of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It is used to confirm very recent or active infections. Read more...

Vaccine research

A COVID-19 vaccine is a hypothetical vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although no vaccine has completed clinical trials, there are multiple attempts in progress to develop such a vaccine. In late February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) said it did not expect a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus, to become available in less than 18 months. By April 2020, some 50 vaccine candidates were in development, with four organizations having initiated Phase I safety studies in human subjects. Read more...

Drug research

COVID-19 drug development is the research process to develop a preventative vaccine or therapeutic prescription drug that would alleviate the severity of 2019-20 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Internationally as of March 2020, some 100 drug companies, biotechnology firms, university research groups, and health organizations were involved in stages of vaccine or drug development. The World Health Organization (WHO), European Medicines Agency (EMA), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the Chinese government and drug manufacturers were coordinating with academic and industry researchers to speed development of vaccines, antiviral drugs, and monoclonal antibody therapies. Read more...

Topics

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Get involved by joining WikiProject COVID-19. We discuss collaborations and all manner of issues on our talk page.

As of 8 April 2020, there are 799 articles within the scope of WikiProject COVID-19. Including non-article pages, such as talk pages, redirects, categories, project pages, etcetera, there are 3,338 pages in the project.

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