Portal:Coronavirus disease 2019

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Coronavirus disease 2019 portal

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COVID-19 symptoms
Symptoms of COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease was first identified in 2019 in Wuhan, the capital of China's Hubei province, and has since spread globally, resulting in the ongoing 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic. Common symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Other symptoms may include muscle pain, sputum production, diarrhea, sore throat, loss of smell, and abdominal pain. While the majority of cases result in mild symptoms, some progress to pneumonia and multi-organ failure. As of 28 March 2020, the overall rate of deaths per number of diagnosed cases is 4.6 percent; ranging from 0.2 percent to 15 percent according to age group and other health problems. In comparison the overall mortality rate of the 1918 Spanish Flu were approximately 3% to 5%.


The virus is mainly spread during close contact and via respiratory droplets produced when people cough or sneeze. Respiratory droplets may be produced during breathing but the virus is not generally airborne. People may also contract COVID-19 by touching a contaminated surface and then their face. It is most contagious when people are symptomatic, although spread may be possible before symptoms appear. The virus can survive on surfaces up to 72 hours. Time from exposure to onset of symptoms is generally between two and fourteen days, with an average of five days. The standard method of diagnosis is by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) from a nasopharyngeal swab. The infection can also be diagnosed from a combination of symptoms, risk factors and a chest CT scan showing features of pneumonia.


Recommended measures to prevent infection include frequent hand washing, social distancing (maintaining physical distance from others, especially from those with symptoms), covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue or inner elbow, and keeping unwashed hands away from the face. The use of masks is recommended for those who suspect they have the virus and their caregivers. Recommendations for mask use by the general public are variable with some authorities recommending against their use, some recommending their use, and others requiring their use. There is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for COVID-19. Management involves treatment of symptoms, supportive care, isolation, and experimental measures. Read more...
Covid-19-curves-graphic-social-v3.gif

About the virus

Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.jpg

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), previously known by the provisional name 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus. It is contagious in humans and is the cause of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has been designated a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization (WHO).

SARS-CoV-2 has close genetic similarity to bat coronaviruses, suggesting it emerged from a bat-borne virus. An intermediate animal reservoir such as a pangolin is also thought to be involved in its introduction to humans. From a taxonomic perspective, SARS-CoV-2 is classified as a strain of the species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV). Read more...

Recent news

31 March 2020 – 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic
2020 coronavirus pandemic in Oceania
The government of the Solomon Islands orders schools closed in the whole country as a measure to combat COVID-19. (RNZ)
2020 coronavirus pandemic in Asia
2019–20 coronavirus pandemic in mainland China
China reports 48 imported cases of COVID-19. (AP News)
30 March 2020 – Socio-economic impact of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic, Impact of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic on sports
2020 coronavirus pandemic in the United States
USA Rugby files for chapter 11 bankruptcy citing "insurmountable financial constraints" amid the coronavirus pandemic. (The Guardian)
30 March 2020 – 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic in mainland China, 2020 Hubei lockdowns
Wuhan, the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic, reopens its stores and shopping centers. (USA Today)

More current events...

Disease progress

[show all]
2019–20 coronavirus pandemic by country and territory
Locations[a] Cases[b] Deaths[c] Recov.[d] Ref.
211 787,010 37,829 166,214 [2]
United States[e] 164,406 3,172 5,945 [5][6]
Italy[f] 101,739 11,591 14,620 [9]
Spain[g] 87,956 7,716 16,780 [11]
China[h] 81,518 3,305 76,052 [12]
Germany 66,885 645 6,522 [13]
France[i] 43,973 3,018 7,202 [15][2]
Iran[j] 41,495 2,757 13,911 [16]
United Kingdom[k] 22,141 1,408 135 [17]
Switzerland 15,923 354 2,105 [18]
Belgium 11,899 513 1,527 [19]
Netherlands[l] 11,750 864 – [21]
Turkey 10,827 168 162 [22][23]
South Korea 9,786 162 5,408 [24]
Austria 9,618 108 636 [25][2]
Canada 7,435 89 1,065 [26]
Portugal 6,408 140 43 [27]
Israel 4,831 17 163 [28]
Australia[m] 4,558 19 226 [29]
Norway[n] 4,465 32 – [30]
Brazil 4,330 140 120 [5][2]
Sweden[o] 4,122 166 18 [33][34]
Czech Republic 3,001 23 25 [35]
Denmark[p] 2,815 77 – [38]
Malaysia 2,626 37 479 [39][40]
Ireland 2,615 46 5 [41]
Chile 2,139 7 75 [42]
Poland 2,132 31 35 [43]
Romania 2,109 65 209 [44][45]
Luxembourg 1,988 22 40 [46][2]
Ecuador 1,890 57 3 [47]
Japan 1,866 54 404 [48][2]
Pakistan 1,865 25 58 [49]
Russia[q] 1,836 9 66 [53]
Thailand 1,651 10 324 [54]
Philippines 1,546 78 42 [55]
Saudi Arabia 1,453 8 115 [56]
Indonesia 1,414 122 75 [57]
South Africa 1,326 3 31 [58]
Finland[r] 1,308 13 10 [60][61]
Greece 1,212 43 52 [62][63]
India 1,417 47 140 [64][65]
Mexico 1,094 28 35 [66][2]
Iceland 1,086 2 157 [67]
Panama 1,075 24 4 [68][69]
Argentina 966 24 51 [70]
Peru 950 24 53 [71][5]
Dominican Republic 901 42 3 [72]
Singapore 879 3 228 [73][74]
Colombia 798 14 15 [75]
Croatia 790 6 64 [76]
Serbia[s] 785 16 42 [78][5]
Slovenia 756 11 10 [79]
Estonia 715 3 22 [80]
Qatar 693 1 51 [81]
Hong Kong 682 4 124 [82]
Cruise ship side view.svg Diamond Princess[t] 672 10 603 [83]
Egypt[u] 656 41 150 [84]
Iraq 630 46 152 [85]
United Arab Emirates 611 5 61 [86]
New Zealand 600 1 74 [87]
Algeria 584 35 31 [5]
Morocco 574 33 15 [88]
Ukraine[v] 549 13 8 [89]
Lithuania 533 7 7 [90]
Bahrain 515 4 295 [91]
Hungary 492 16 37 [92]
Armenia 482 3 30 [93]
Lebanon 446 12 35 [94]
Bosnia and Herzegovina 386 10 17 [95]
Latvia 376 0 1 [2][96]
Andorra 370 8 10 [97]
Tunisia 362 10 2 [98]
Bulgaria 359 8 15 [99]
Slovakia 336 0 7 [100][101]
Costa Rica 330 2 4 [102]
Kazakhstan 325 2 22 [103]
Taiwan 322 5 39 [104][105]
Uruguay 320 1 – [106]
Moldova[w] 298 2 15 [108][109]
North Macedonia 285 7 12 [110][111]
Azerbaijan 273 4 26 [112]
Jordan 268 5 26 [113]
Kuwait 266 0 72 [114]
Burkina Faso 246 12 31 [115]
San Marino 230 25 13 [116]
Cyprus[x] 225 6 18 [117]
Réunion 224 0 – [118]
Albania 223 12 44 [119]
Vietnam 204 0 55 [120]
Oman 179 0 29 [121]
Afghanistan 174 4 2 [2][122]
Puerto Rico 174 6 – [123]
Cuba[y] 170 4 4 [124]
Faroe Islands 169 0 74 [125]
Ivory Coast 168 1 6 [5]
Senegal 162 0 28 [126]
Uzbekistan 158 2 7 [127]
Malta 156 0 2 [128]
Belarus 152 0 47 [129]
Ghana 152 5 2 [130]
Honduras 141 7 3 [131][132]
Cameroon 139 6 5 [5]
Venezuela 135 3 39 [133]
Nigeria 131 2 8 [134]
Mauritius 128 3 0 [135]
Brunei 127 1 38 [136]
Sri Lanka 122 2 14 [137]
Palestine 117 1 18 [138]
Georgia 110 0 21 [139]
Cambodia 109 0 23 [140]
Kyrgyzstan 107 0 3 [141][142]
Guadeloupe 106 4 – [2]
Kosovo[z] 106 1 1 [143]
Bolivia 97 4 0 [144]
Martinique 93 1 – [2]
Montenegro 91 1 0 [145][2]
Trinidad and Tobago 85 3 1 [146]
Mayotte 82 0 – [2]
DR Congo 81 8 2 [5]
Jersey 81 2 – [147]
Rwanda 70 0 0 [5]
Gibraltar 69 0 14 [148]
Paraguay 65 3 1 [149][2]
Liechtenstein 64 0 0 [150]
Northern Cyprus 61 1 29 [151]
Guernsey 60 1 – [152]
Guam 58 1 – [6]
Aruba 50 0 – [2]
Kenya 50 1 1 [153]
Bangladesh 49 5 19 [154]
Isle of Man 49 0 0 [155]
Monaco 49 0 1 [156]
Madagascar 46 0 0 [5]
French Guiana 43 0 – [2]
Macau 39 0 10 [157]
Guatemala 36 1 10 [158]
Jamaica 36 1 2 [159]
French Polynesia 35 0 – [2]
Zambia 35 0 0 [5]
Togo 34 1 10 [160]
Barbados 33 0 0 [161]
Uganda 33 0 0 [162]
El Salvador 30 0 0 [163]
U.S. Virgin Islands 30 0 21 [164]
Bermuda 27 0 10 [165]
Niger 27 3 0 [5]
Mali 25 2 0 [5]
Ethiopia 23 0 1 [166]
Guinea 22 0 0 [5]
Republic of the Congo 19 0 0 [5]
Tanzania 19 0 1 [5]
Djibouti 18 0 0 [5]
Maldives 18 0 13 [167]
Saint Martin 18 1 2 [168]
Transnistria 18 0 0 [107]
Gabon 16 1 0 [5][169]
New Caledonia 15 0 – [2]
Eritrea 15 0 0 [5]
Bahamas 14 0 0 [170]
Myanmar 14 1 0 [171]
Cayman Islands 12 1 – [172]
Equatorial Guinea 12 0 0 [5]
Mongolia 12 0 0 [5]
Curaçao 11 1 2 [173][174]
Dominica 11 0 0 [175]
Namibia 11 0 2 [5]
Greenland 10 0 2 [176]
Syria 10 2 0 [177]
Eswatini 9 0 0 [178][5]
Grenada 9 0 0 [179]
Saint Lucia 9 0 0 [180]
Guinea-Bissau 8 0 0 [5]
Guyana 8 1 0 [181]
Haiti 8 0 0 [182]
Laos 8 0 0 [183]
Libya 8 0 0 [184]
Mozambique 8 0 0 [5]
Seychelles 8 0 0 [185]
Suriname 8 0 0 [186]
Angola 7 2 0 [5]
Antigua and Barbuda 7 0 0 [2]
Saint Kitts and Nevis 7 0 0 [187]
Zimbabwe 7 1 0 [188]
Benin 6 0 0 [2]
Cape Verde 6 1 0 [5]
Mauritania 6 1 2 [5]
Sint Maarten 6 0 1 [189]
Sudan 6 2 0 [5]
Vatican City 6 0 0 [190]
Saint Barthélemy 6 0 1 [168]
Akrotiri and Dhekelia 5 0 – [191]
Åland Islands 5 0 0 [60]
Chad 5 0 0 [192]
Fiji 5 0 0 [193]
Montserrat 5 0 0 [194]
Nepal 5 0 1 [195]
Turks and Caicos Islands 5 0 0 [196]
Bhutan 4 0 0 [197]
Gambia 4 1 0 [198]
Nicaragua 4 1 0 [199]
Belize 3 0 0 [200]
Botswana 3 0 0 [5]
Central African Republic 3 0 0 [5]
Liberia 3 0 0 [5][201]
Somalia 3 0 0 [202]
Anguilla 2 0 0 [203]
British Virgin Islands 2 0 0 [204]
Cruise ship side view.svg MS Zaandam[aa] 2 0 0 [205]
Northern Mariana Islands 2 0 0 [206]
East Timor 1 0 0 [207]
Papua New Guinea 1 0 0 [208]
St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1 0 1 [209][5]
As of 31 March 2020 (UTC) · History of cases: China, international
Notes
  1. ^ Countries and territories, and two international conveyance where cases were diagnosed. Nationality and location of original infection may vary. In some countries, the cases cover several territories, as noted accordingly.
  2. ^ Cumulative confirmed cases reported to date. The actual number of infections and cases are likely to be higher than reported.[1]
  3. ^ Total deaths may not necessarily add up due to the frequency of values updating for each individual location.
  4. ^ Recovered cases. All recoveries may not be reported. Total recoveries may not necessarily add up due to the frequency of values updating for each individual location. "–" denotes that no reliable data is currently available for that territory, not that the value is zero.
  5. ^ United States
    1. Testing has been restricted to at-risk people showing severe symptoms.[3][4]
    2. Cases and deaths exclude all Overseas Territories.
    3. There is no reliable source for recoveries per territory. Recoveries in Overseas Territories may be included in the United States entry.
    4. Figures include cases identified on the Grand Princess.
    5. Data is from unofficial trackers and not from the official Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
  6. ^ Italy
    Only at-risk people showing symptoms have been tested from 27 February 2020 and onwards.[7][8]
  7. ^ Spain
    1. Including the autonomous region of Ceuta and Melilla.
    2. Testing has been restricted to at-risk people showing symptoms.[10]
  8. ^ China
    1. Including clinically diagnosed cases and deaths from 12 February 2020 and onwards in the province of Hubei.
    2. Excluding Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau
    3. Excluding the disputed Taiwan.
  9. ^ France
    1. Testing has been restricted to at-risk people showing severe symptoms.[14]
    2. Excluding all Overseas departments and regions and Overseas collectivities.
    3. There is no reliable source for recoveries per territory. Recoveries in overseas territories may be included in the France entry.
  10. ^ Iran
    Includes clinically diagnosed cases and deaths from 9 March 2020 and onwards.
  11. ^ United Kingdom
    Excluding all British Overseas Territories and Crown dependencies.
  12. ^ Netherlands
    1. Constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten) are listed separately.
    2. The Dutch Government agency RIVM, responsible for the constituent country the Netherlands, does not count its number of recoveries.[20]
  13. ^ Australia
    Excluding the cases from Diamond Princess cruise ship which are classified as "on an international conveyance". Ten cases, including one fatality recorded by the Australian government.
  14. ^ Norway
    1. From 13 March 2020, testing of the normal population was discontinued, and is now only reserved for health professionals and acutely ill people in vulnerable groups.
    2. The Norwegian Institute of Public Health states that there are more infected people in Norway than the figures show. The dark figures are presumed to be higher because of limited testing.[30]
    3. Estimation of number of coronavirus infected:
      • As of 23 March 2020, over 40% of all GPs in Norway have been registered 20,200 patients with the "corona code" R991. The figure includes both cases where the patient has been diagnosed with coronavirus infection through testing, and where the GP has used the "corona code" after assessing the patient's symptoms against the criteria by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health.[31]
      • As of 24 March 2020, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health estimates that between 7,120 and 23,140 Norwegians are infected with the coronavirus.[32]
  15. ^ Sweden
    Testing of suspected infections has been cut back in the whole country in the period around 12 March 2020, in order to focus efforts on people with increased risk of serious illness and complications.
  16. ^ Denmark
    1. The autonomous territories of the Faroe Islands and Greenland are listed separately.
    2. The Danish Government does not report the number of recoveries.[36]
    3. From 12 March 2020, the criteria for testing has been changed; only people with more serious symptoms and health professionals are being tested.[37]
  17. ^ Russia
    Including cases from the disputed Crimea, which was annexed by Russia in 2014 but remains internationally recognized as being under Ukrainian sovereignty. Excluding the cases from Diamond Princess cruise ship which are classified as "on an international conveyance". One fatality was not officially recorded by the Russian authorities as caused by coronavirus.[50][51][52]
  18. ^ Finland
    1. Excluding the autonomous region of the Åland Islands.
    2. Testing is limited to severely ill or at-risk patients and social or health care workers.[59]
  19. ^ Serbia
    Excluding Kosovo.[77]
  20. ^ Diamond Princess
    The British cruise ship Diamond Princess was in Japanese waters, and Japanese administration was asked to manage its quarantine, with the passengers having not entered Japan. Therefore, this case is neither included in the Japanese government's official count nor in United Kingdom's one. The World Health Organization classifies the cases as being located "on an international conveyance".
  21. ^ Egypt
    Includes cases identified on the MS River Anuket.
  22. ^ Ukraine
    Excluding cases from the disputed Crimea, which was annexed by Russia in 2014 but remains internationally recognized as being under Ukrainian sovereignty. Because the Russian authorities are tabulating cases from Crimea, they are included in the Russian total.
  23. ^ Moldova
    Excludes data from the unrecognised state of Transnistria.[107]
  24. ^ Cyprus
    Excluding Akrotiri and Dhekelia and Northern Cyprus.
  25. ^ Cuba
    Includes cases on the MS Braemar.
  26. ^ Kosovo
    1. Excluding Serbia.
    2. Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the Republic of Kosovo and the Republic of Serbia. The Republic of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence on 17 February 2008, but Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own sovereign territory. The two governments began to normalise relations in 2013, as part of the 2013 Brussels Agreement. Kosovo is currently recognized as an independent state by 97 out of the 193 United Nations member states. In total, 112 UN member states recognized Kosovo at some point, of which 15 later withdrew their recognition.
  27. ^ MS Zaandam
    The cruise ship MS Zaandam was near Panamanian waters, with the intention of transiting the Panama Canal to make its way to Florida. But the Panamanian government has denied it access to the canal for "sanitary reasons" and has not counted it on their national figures.
Refs
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Read more...

National responses

The 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic spread to many countries around the world, with the most affected countries being the United States, Italy, Spain, China, France, Iran, and South Korea. National response measures have been varied, and have included containment measures such as lockdowns, quarantines, and curfews. This is a dynamic list of different responses by various nations across the world. Read more...

Images

  • Featured picture Scanning electron microscope image of the virus emerging from the surface of cells

  • This images reveals ultra-structural morphology exhibited by the virus

  • Electron microscope image shows the virus isolated in a patient emerging from the surface of cells (pink)

  • Illustration of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the blood stream

More images...

Socio-economic impact

The 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic has had far-reaching consequences beyond the spread of the disease and efforts to quarantine it. As the pandemic has spread around the globe, concerns have shifted from supply-side manufacturing issues to decreased business in the services sector.

Supply shortages are expected to affect a number of sectors due to panic buying, increased usage of goods to fight the pandemic, and disruption to factories and logistics in mainland China. There have been widespread reports of supply shortages of pharmaceuticals, with many areas seeing panic buying and consequent shortages of food and other essential grocery items. The technology industry, in particular, has been warning about delays to shipments of electronic goods. Read more...

Workplace

Hierarchy of Controls (By NIOSH).jpg

Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19 are the application of occupational safety and health methodologies for hazard controls to the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The proper hazard controls in the workplace depend on the worksite and job task, based on a risk assessment of sources of exposure, disease severity in the community, and risk factors of individual workers who may be vulnerable to contracting COVID-19.

Medium exposure risk jobs include those that require frequent or close contact with people who are not known or suspected with COVID-19, but may be infected due to ongoing community transmission or international travel. This includes workers who have contact with the general public such as in schools, high-population-density work environments, and some high-volume retail settings. Depending on the sector, there are specific recommended procedures to protect workers and bystanders if a person with COVID-19 is encountered.

OSHA considers healthcare and mortuary workers exposed to known or suspected person with COVID-19 to be at high exposure risk, which increases to very high exposure risk if workers perform aerosol-generating procedures on, or collect or handle specimens from, known or suspected person with COVID-19. Hazard controls appropriate for these workers include engineering controls such as negative pressure ventilation rooms, and personal protective equipment appropriate to the job task. Read more...

Testing

Laboratory testing for the respiratory coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the associated SARS-CoV-2 virus includes methods that detect the presence of virus and those that detect antibodies produced in response to infection. Detection of antibodies (serology) can be used both for clinical purposes and population surveillance.

Due to limited testing, as of March 2020 no countries had reliable data on the prevalence of the virus in their population. This variability also affects reported case-fatality rates. Read more...

Vaccine research

A COVID-19 vaccine is a hypothetical vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although no vaccine has completed clinical trials, there are multiple attempts in progress to develop such a vaccine. In late February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) said it did not expect a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus, to become available in less than 18 months. By late March 2020, some 40 vaccine candidates were in development. Read more...

Drug research

COVID-19 drug development is the research process to develop a preventative vaccine or therapeutic prescription drug that would alleviate the severity of 2019-20 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Internationally as of March 2020, some 100 drug companies, biotechnology firms, university research groups, and health organizations were involved in stages of vaccine or drug development. The World Health Organization (WHO), European Medicines Agency (EMA), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the Chinese government and drug manufacturers were coordinating with academic and industry researchers to speed development of vaccines, antiviral drugs, and monoclonal antibody therapies. Read more...

Topics

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As of 31 March 2020, there are 643 articles within the scope of WikiProject COVID-19. Including non-article pages, such as talk pages, redirects, categories, project pages, etcetera, there are 2,838 pages in the project.

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