Portal:Monarchy

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The Monarchy Portal The Weld-Blundell Prism is inscribed with the Sumerian King List The heraldic crown for the King of the United Kingdom (1901 pattern) A monarchy is a hereditary form of government in which political power is legally passed on to the family members of the monarch, a head of state who rules for life. While monarchs gain their power depending on specific succession laws, they can also gain their authority via election. Monarchies have historically been a common form of government. Nearly half of all independent states at the start of the 19th century were monarchies. After reaching a peak in the middle of the 19th century, the proportion of monarchies in the world has steadily declined. Republics replaced many monarchies, notably at the end of World War I and World War II. There are conventionally two types of monarchy: absolute monarchy and constitutional monarchy. Absolute monarchies, of which there are approximately twelve, are governed as autocracies. Most of the modern monarchies are constitutional monarchies, retaining under a constitution unique legal and ceremonial roles for monarchs exercising limited or no political power, similar to heads of state in a parliamentary republic. As of 2025, forty-three sovereign nations in the world have a monarch, including fifteen Commonwealth realms that share King Charles III as their head of state. Other than that, there is a range of sub-national monarchical entities. (Full article...) Featured articles - Featured articles are displayed here, which represent some of the best content on English Wikipedia. 1783 portrait Prince Octavius of Great Britain (23 February 1779 – 3 May 1783) was the thirteenth child and eighth son of King George III and his queen consort, Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Six months after the death of his younger brother Prince Alfred, Octavius was inoculated against the smallpox virus. Several days later, he became ill. His death at the age of four devastated his parents, and in particular his father. George III had been very fond of Alfred and Octavius, his two youngest sons, and his later bouts of madness involved hallucinations of them. (Full article...) Depiction of Matilda in the 12th-century Gospels of Henry the Lion Empress Matilda (c. 7 February 1102 – 10 September 1167), also known as Empress Maud, was Holy Roman Empress as the consort of Emperor Henry V from 1110 until his death in 1125, and was subsequently a claimant to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy. Following the death of her father, King Henry I of England, she asserted her right to the English throne as his only surviving legitimate child and styled herself Lady of the English. However, her cousin Stephen of Blois was crowned king in her place. Matilda was the only daughter and eldest child of Henry I, king of England and ruler of Normandy, by his first wife Matilda of Scotland, to survive to adulthood. As a child, she went to Germany where she was married to the future Henry V. She travelled with the emperor to Italy in 1116, was controversially crowned empress in St Peter's Basilica, and acted as the imperial regent in Italy. Matilda and Henry V had no children, and when he died in 1125, the imperial crown was claimed by his rival Lothair of Supplinburg. (Full article...) Marshland around Blythburgh, near where Anna met his death Anna (or Onna; killed 653 or 654) was king of East Anglia from the early 640s until his death. He was a member of the Wuffingas family, the ruling dynasty of the East Angles, and one of the three sons of Eni who ruled the kingdom of East Anglia, succeeding some time after Ecgric was killed in battle by Penda of Mercia. Anna was praised by Bede for his devotion to Christianity and was renowned for the saintliness of his family: his son Jurmin and all his daughters – Seaxburh, Æthelthryth, Æthelburh and possibly a fourth, Wihtburh – were canonised. Little is known of Anna's life or his reign, as few records have survived from this period. In 631 he may have been at Exning, close to the Devil's Dyke. In 645 Cenwalh of Wessex was driven from his kingdom by Penda and, due to Anna's influence, he was converted to Christianity while living as an exile at the East Anglian court. Upon his return from exile, Cenwalh re-established Christianity in his own kingdom and the people of Wessex then remained firmly Christian. (Full article...) Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yūsuf ibn al-Ḥāfiẓ (Arabic: أبو محمد عبد الله بن يوسف بن الحافظ‎; 1151–1171), better known by his regnal name al-ʿĀḍid li-Dīn Allāh (Arabic: العاضد لدين الله, lit. 'Strengthener of God's Faith'), was the fourteenth and last caliph of the Fatimid dynasty, and the twenty-fourth imam of the Hafizi Isma'ili branch of Shi'a Islam, reigning from 1160 to 1171. Like his two immediate predecessors, al-Adid came to the throne as a child, and spent his reign as a puppet of various strongmen who occupied the vizierate. He was a mostly helpless bystander to the slow collapse of the Fatimid Caliphate. Tala'i ibn Ruzzik, the vizier who had raised al-Adid to the throne, fell victim to a palace plot in 1161, and was replaced by his son, Ruzzik ibn Tala'i. Ruzzik was in turn overthrown by Shawar in 1163, but the latter lasted only a few months in office before being overthrown by Dirgham. The constant power struggles in Cairo enfeebled the Fatimid state, allowing both the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Sunni ruler of Syria, Nur al-Din, to advance their own designs on the country. The Crusaders repeatedly invaded Egypt, extracting tribute and ultimately aiming to conquer it; in turn, Nur al-Din supported Shawar's bid to retake the vizierate from Dirgham, and sent his general Shirkuh to counter the Crusaders. For a while, Shawar played the Crusaders and Syrians against one another, but in January 1169, Shirkuh overthrew Shawar, occupied Cairo and became vizier. When Shirkuh died shortly after, he was succeeded by his nephew, Saladin. (Full article...) Æthelwulf in the early fourteenth-century Genealogical Roll of the Kings of England Æthelwulf (Old English: [ˈæðelwuɫf]; Old English for "Noble Wolf"; died 13 January 858) was King of Wessex from 839 to 858. In 825, his father, King Ecgberht, defeated King Beornwulf of Mercia, ending a long Mercian dominance over Anglo-Saxon England south of the Humber. Ecgberht sent Æthelwulf with an army to Kent, where he expelled the Mercian sub-king and was himself appointed sub-king. After 830, Ecgberht maintained good relations with Mercia, and this was continued by Æthelwulf when he became king in 839, the first son to succeed his father as West Saxon king since 641. The Vikings were not a major threat to Wessex during Æthelwulf's reign. In 843, he was defeated in a battle against the Vikings at Carhampton in Somerset, but he achieved a major victory at the Battle of Aclea in 851. In 853, he joined a successful Mercian expedition to Wales to restore the traditional Mercian hegemony, and in the same year, his daughter Æthelswith married King Burgred of Mercia. In 855, Æthelwulf went on a pilgrimage to Rome. In preparation he gave a "decimation", donating a tenth of his personal property to his subjects; he appointed his eldest surviving son Æthelbald to act as King of Wessex in his absence, and his next son Æthelberht to rule Kent and the south-east. Æthelwulf spent a year in Rome, and on his way back he married Judith, the daughter of the West Frankish king Charles the Bald. (Full article...) The Berlin Cleopatra, a Roman sculpture of Cleopatra wearing a royal diadem, mid-1st century BC, now in the Altes Museum, Germany Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator (Koine Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Θεά Φιλοπάτωρ, lit. 'Cleopatra father-loving goddess'; 70/69 BC – 10 or 12 August 30 BC) was Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC, and the last active Hellenistic pharaoh. A member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, she was a descendant of its founder Ptolemy I Soter, a Macedonian Greek general and companion of Alexander the Great. Her first language was Koine Greek, and she is the only Ptolemaic ruler known to have learned the Egyptian language, among several others. After her death, Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire, marking the end of the Hellenistic period in the Mediterranean, which had begun during the reign of Alexander (336–323 BC). Born in Alexandria, Cleopatra was the daughter of Ptolemy XII Auletes, who named her his heir before his death in 51 BC. Cleopatra began her reign alongside her brother Ptolemy XIII, but a falling-out between them led to a civil war. Roman statesman Pompey fled to Egypt after losing the 48 BC Battle of Pharsalus against his rival Julius Caesar, the Roman dictator, in Caesar's civil war. Pompey had been a political ally of Ptolemy XII, but Ptolemy XIII had him ambushed and killed before Caesar arrived and occupied Alexandria. Caesar then attempted to reconcile the rival Ptolemaic siblings, but Ptolemy XIII's forces besieged Cleopatra and Caesar at the palace. Shortly after the siege was lifted by reinforcements, Ptolemy XIII died in the Battle of the Nile. Caesar declared Cleopatra and her brother Ptolemy XIV joint rulers, and maintained a private affair with Cleopatra which produced a son, Caesarion. Cleopatra traveled to Rome as a client queen in 46 and 44 BC, where she stayed at Caesar's villa. After Caesar's assassination, followed shortly afterwards by the sudden death of Ptolemy XIV (possibly murdered on Cleopatra's order), she named Caesarion co-ruler as Ptolemy XV. (Full article...) Statue of Simeon I in Vidin Simeon I the Great (Church Slavonic: цѣсар҄ь Сѷмеѡ́нъ А҃ Вели́къ; Bulgarian: цар Симеон I Велики, romanized: Simeon I Veliki [simɛˈɔn ˈpɤrvi vɛˈliki]; Greek: Συμεών Αʹ ὁ Μέγας, romanized: Sumeṓn prôtos ho Mégas) was the ruler of the First Bulgarian Empire from 893 until his death in 927. Simeon's successful campaigns against the Byzantines, Magyars and Serbs led Bulgaria to its greatest territorial expansion ever, making it the most powerful state in contemporary Eastern and Southeast Europe. His reign was also a period of unmatched cultural prosperity and enlightenment later deemed the Golden Age of Bulgarian culture. During Simeon's rule, Bulgaria spread over a territory between the Aegean, the Adriatic and the Black seas. The newly independent Bulgarian Orthodox Church became the first new patriarchate besides the Pentarchy, and Bulgarian Glagolitic and Cyrillic translations of Christian texts spread all over the Slavic world of the time. It was at the Preslav Literary School in the 890s that the Cyrillic alphabet was developed. Halfway through his reign, Simeon assumed the title of "emperor" (Tsar), having prior to that been styled "prince" (Knyaz). (Full article...) Dinar minted in Yusuf I's name Abu al-Hajjaj Yusuf ibn Ismail (29 June 1318 – 19 October 1354), known by the regnal name al-Muayyad billah (lit. 'He who is aided by God'), was the seventh Nasrid ruler of the Emirate of Granada on the Iberian Peninsula. The third son of Ismail I (r. 1314–1322), he was Sultan between 1333 and 1354, after his brother Muhammad IV (r. 1325–1333) was assassinated. Coming to the throne at age fifteen, he was initially treated as a minor and given only limited power by his ministers and his grandmother Fatima. In February 1334, his representatives secured a four-year peace treaty with Granada's neighbours Castile and the Marinid Sultanate. Aragon joined in the treaty in May. After gaining more control of the government, in 1338 or 1340 he expelled the Banu Abi al-Ula family, who had masterminded the murder of his brother and had been the leaders of the Volunteers of the Faith—North African soldiers who fought for Granada. After the treaty expired, he allied himself with Abu al-Hasan Ali (r. 1331–1348) of the Marinids against Alfonso XI of Castile (r. 1312–1350). After winning a major naval victory in April 1340, the Marinid–Granadan alliance was decisively defeated on 30 October in the disastrous Battle of Río Salado. In its aftermath, Yusuf was unable to prevent Castile from taking several Granadan castles and towns, including Alcalá de Benzaide, Locubín, Priego and Benamejí. In 1342–1344, Alfonso XI besieged the strategic port of Algeciras. Yusuf led his troops in diversionary raids into Castilian territory, and later engaged the besieging army, but the city fell in March 1344. A ten-year peace treaty with Castile followed. (Full article...) Contemporary miniature from the Topographia Hibernica, c. 1186–1188 Henry II ( (1133-March-05) (1189-July-06)5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189) was King of England from 1154 until his death in 1189. During his reign he controlled England, substantial parts of Wales and Ireland, and much of France (including Normandy, Anjou, and Aquitaine), an area that was later called the Angevin Empire, and also held power over Scotland for a time and the Duchy of Brittany. Henry was the eldest son of Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, and Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England. By the age of fourteen, he became politically and militarily involved in his mother's efforts to claim the English throne, at that time held by her cousin Stephen of Blois. Henry's father made him Duke of Normandy in 1150, and upon his father's death in 1151, Henry inherited Anjou, Maine and Touraine. His marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine brought him control of the Duchy of Aquitaine. Thus, he controlled most of France. Henry's military expedition to England in 1153 resulted in King Stephen agreeing, by the Treaty of Wallingford, to leave England to Henry; he inherited the kingdom at Stephen's death a year later. (Full article...) Penny of Beorhtwulf Legend: ber(ht)vlf rex Beorhtwulf (Old English: [ˈbeorˠxtwuɫf], meaning "bright wolf"; also spelled Berhtwulf; died 852) was King of Mercia, a kingdom of Anglo-Saxon England, from 839 or 840 to 852. His ancestry is unknown, though he may have been connected to Beornwulf, who ruled Mercia in the 820s. Almost no coins were issued by Beorhtwulf's predecessor, Wiglaf, but a Mercian coinage was restarted by Beorhtwulf early in his reign, initially with strong similarities to the coins of Æthelwulf of Wessex, and later with independent designs. The Vikings attacked within a year or two of Beorhtwulf's accession: the province of Lindsey was raided in 841, and London, a key centre of Mercian commerce, was attacked the following year. Another Viking assault on London in 851 "put Beorhtwulf to flight", according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle; the Vikings were subsequently defeated by Æthelwulf. This raid may have had a significant economic impact on Mercia, as London coinage is much reduced after 851. Berkshire appears to have passed from Mercian to West Saxon control during Beorhtwulf's reign. The Welsh are recorded to have rebelled against Beorhtwulf's successor, Burgred, shortly after Beorhtwulf's death, suggesting that Beorhtwulf had been their overlord. Charters from Beorthwulf's reign show a strained relationship with the church, as Beorhtwulf seized land and subsequently returned it. (Full article...) Statuette of Neferefre, painted limestone Neferefre Isi (fl. 25th century BC; also known as Raneferef, Ranefer and in Greek as Χέρης, Cherês) was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty during the Old Kingdom period. He was most likely the eldest son of pharaoh Neferirkare Kakai and queen Khentkaus II. He was known as prince Ranefer before he ascended to the throne. Neferefre started a pyramid for himself in the royal necropolis of Abusir called Netjeribau Raneferef, which means "The bas of Neferefre are divine". The pyramid was never finished, with a mason's inscription showing that works on the stone structure were abandoned during or shortly after the king's second year of reign. Together with the sparsity of attestations contemporaneous with his reign, this is taken by Egyptologists as evidence that Neferefre died unexpectedly after two to three years on the throne. Neferefre was nonetheless buried in his pyramid, hastily completed in the form of a mastaba by his second successor and presumably younger brother, pharaoh Nyuserre Ini. Fragments of his mummy were uncovered there, showing that he died in his early twenties. (Full article...) Kneeling statuette of Pepi I, Brooklyn Museum Pepi I Meryre (also Pepy I) was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh, third king of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt, who ruled for over 40 years at the turn of the 24th and 23rd centuries BC, toward the end of the Old Kingdom period. He was the son of Teti, the founder of the dynasty, and ascended the throne only after the brief intervening reign of the enigmatic pharaoh Userkare. His mother was Iput, who may have been a daughter of Unas, the final ruler of the preceding Fifth Dynasty. Pepi I, who had at least six consorts, was succeeded by his son Merenre Nemtyemsaf I, with whom he may have shared power in a coregency at the very end of his reign. Pepi II Neferkare, who might also have been Pepi I's son, succeeded Merenre. Several difficulties accumulated during Pepi's reign, beginning with the possible murder of his father and the ensuing reign of Userkare. Later, probably after his twentieth year of reign, Pepi faced a harem conspiracy hatched by one of his consorts who may have tried to have her son designated heir to the throne, and possibly another conspiracy involving his vizier at the end of his reign. Confronted with the protracted decline of pharaonic power and the emergence of dynasties of local officials, Pepi reacted with a vast architectural program involving the construction of temples dedicated to local gods and numerous chapels for his own cult throughout Egypt, reinforcing his presence in the provinces. Egypt's prosperity allowed Pepi to become the most prolific builder of the Old Kingdom. At the same time, Pepi favored the rise of small provincial centres and recruited officials of non-noble extraction to curtail the influence of powerful local families. Continuing Teti's policy, Pepi expanded a network of warehouses accessible to royal envoys and from which taxes and labor could easily be collected. Finally, he buttressed his power after the harem conspiracy by forming alliances with Khui, the provincial nomarch of Abydos, marrying two of his daughters, Ankhesenpepi I and Ankhesenpepi II, and making both Khui's wife Nebet and her son Djau viziers. The Egyptian state's external policy under Pepi comprised military campaigns against Nubia, Sinai and the southern Levant, landing troops on the Levantine coast using Egyptian transport boats. Trade with Byblos, Ebla and the oases of the Western Desert flourished, while Pepi launched mining and quarrying expeditions to Sinai and further afield. (Full article...) Statue of Menkauhor wearing the dress of the Sed festival from Memphis Menkauhor Kaiu (also known as Ikauhor and in Greek as Mencherês, Μεγχερῆς) was an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Old Kingdom period. He was the seventh ruler of the Fifth Dynasty at the end of the 25th century BC or early in the 24th century BC (c. 2399–2390 BC). Menkauhor ruled for eight or more likely nine years, following king Nyuserre Ini, and was succeeded in turn by Djedkare Isesi. Although Menkauhor is well attested by historical sources, few artefacts from his reign have survived. Consequently, his familial relation to his predecessor and successor is unclear, and no offspring of his have been identified. Khentkaus III may have been Menkauhor's mother, as indicated by evidence discovered in her tomb in 2015. (Full article...) Alexander II's portrait on the obverse of a tetradrachm Alexander II Theos Epiphanes Nikephoros (Ancient Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος Θεὸς Ἐπιφανὴς Νικηφόρος Aléxandros Theòs Epiphanḕs Nikēphóros, surnamed Zabinas; c. 150 BC – 123 BC) was a Hellenistic Seleucid monarch who reigned as the King of Syria between 128 BC and 123 BC. His true parentage is debated; depending on which ancient historian, he either claimed to be a son of Alexander I or an adopted son of Antiochus VII. Most ancient historians and the modern academic consensus maintain that Alexander II's claim to be a Seleucid was false. His surname "Zabinas" (Ζαβίνας) is a Semitic name that is usually translated as "the bought one". It is possible, however, that Alexander II was a natural son of Alexander I, as the surname can also mean "bought from the god". The iconography of Alexander II's coinage indicates he based his claims to the throne on his descent from Antiochus IV, the father of Alexander I. Alexander II's rise is connected to the dynastic feuds of the Seleucid Empire. Both King Seleucus IV (d. 175 BC) and his brother Antiochus IV (d. 164 BC) had descendants contending for the throne, leading the country to experience many civil wars. The situation was complicated by Ptolemaic Egyptian interference, which was facilitated by the dynastic marriages between the two royal houses. In 128 BC, King Demetrius II of Syria, the representative of Seleucus IV's line, invaded Egypt to help his mother-in-law Cleopatra II who was engaged in a civil war against her brother and husband King Ptolemy VIII. Angered by the Syrian invasion, the Egyptian king instigated revolts in the cities of Syria against Demetrius II and chose Alexander II, a supposed representative of Antiochus IV's line, as an anti-king. With Egyptian troops, Alexander II captured the Syrian capital Antioch in 128 BC and warred against Demetrius II, defeating him decisively in 125 BC. The beaten king escaped to his wife Cleopatra Thea in the city of Ptolemais, but she expelled him. He was killed while trying to find refuge in the city of Tyre. (Full article...) Bust in the Louvre Domitian (/dəˈmɪʃən, -iən/ də-MISH-ən, -⁠ee-ən; Latin: Domitianus; 24 October 51 – 18 September 96) was Roman emperor from 81 to 96. The son of Vespasian and the younger brother of Titus, his two predecessors on the throne, he was the last member of the Flavian dynasty. Described as "a ruthless but efficient autocrat", his authoritarian style of ruling put him at sharp odds with the Senate, whose powers he drastically curtailed. Domitian had a minor and largely ceremonial role during the reigns of his father and brother. After the death of his brother, Domitian was declared emperor by the Praetorian Guard. His 15-year reign was the longest since Tiberius. As emperor, Domitian strengthened the economy by revaluing the Roman coinage, expanded the border defenses of the empire, and initiated a massive building program to restore the damaged city of Rome. Significant wars were fought in Britain, where his general Agricola made significant gains in his attempt to conquer Caledonia (Scotland), and in Dacia (Modern-day Romania), where Domitian was unable to achieve a decisive victory against King Decebalus. Domitian's government exhibited strong authoritarian characteristics. Religious, military, and cultural propaganda fostered a cult of personality, and by nominating himself as perpetual censor, he sought to control public and private morals. (Full article...) Featured picture Albert Memorial The Albert Memorial, a monument to Prince Albert found in Kensington Gardens, London, England, as seen from the south side. Directly to the north of the Royal Albert Hall. It was commissioned by Queen Victoria and designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott in the Gothic revival style. Opened in 1872, the memorial is 176 feet (54 m) tall, took over ten years to complete, and cost £120,000. Did you know (auto-generated) ... that King Owodo, the last Ogiso of Igodomigodo, was deposed after killing a pregnant widow, an act punishable by deposition under the kingdom's law? ... that the Dutch edition of Endgame: Inside the Royal Family and the Monarchy's Fight for Survival was recalled? More Did you know... ... that Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I commissioned the Triumphal Arch (pictured), a monumental woodcut print over 3½ m (11½ ft) tall and nearly 3 m (10 ft) wide printed from 192 separate wood blocks? ... that Petubastis III led a revolt in Egypt against Persian rule in circa 522 BCE? ... that makers of Chantilly lace were guillotined during the French Revolution because they were seen as protégés of the royals? Good articles - These are Good articles, which meet a core set of high editorial standards. Featured portrait Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries is an oil painting on canvas completed by Jacques-Louis David in 1812. It depicts French Emperor Napoleon, wearing the uniform of a colonel of the Imperial Guard Foot Grenadiers, standing in his study at the Tuileries Palace. Unlike David's earlier painting Napoleon Crossing the Alps, here the emperor is depicted as a civil hero rather than a military one, though his martial prowess is alluded to through the sword on his chair. The painting has been in the collection of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., since 1954. Selected quote Related portals General images - The following are images from various monarchy-related articles on Wikipedia. The islands that make up Wallis and Futuna (from Non-sovereign monarchy) Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (from Absolute monarchy) British India and the princely states within the Indian Empire. The princely states (in yellow) were sovereign territories of Indian princes who were practically suzerain to the Emperor of India, who was concurrently the British monarch, whose territories were called British India (in pink) and occupied a vast portion of the empire. (from Non-sovereign monarchy) King Frederick II of Prussia, "the Great" (from Absolute monarchy) The constituent states of the German Empire (a federal monarchy). Various states were formally suzerain to the emperor, whose government retained authority over some policy areas throughout the federation, and was concurrently King of Prussia, the empire's largest state. (from Non-sovereign monarchy) alt=Portrait of Pope Leo XIV (from Absolute monarchy) Dinzulu kaCetshwayo, the last king of an independent Zulu state, in 1883 (from Non-sovereign monarchy) Emperor Naruhito is the hereditary monarch of Japan. The Japanese monarchy is the oldest continuous hereditary monarchy in the world. (from Hereditary monarchy) Subdivisions of the United Arab Emirates (from Non-sovereign monarchy) The administrative divisions of the British Protectorate of Uganda, including five of today's six kingdoms (from Non-sovereign monarchy) Waikato, the homeland of the Māori kings (from Non-sovereign monarchy) Louis XIV of France (from Absolute monarchy) Photograph of Tsar Alexander II, 1878–81 (from Absolute monarchy) Featured content Extended content Featured articles 1937 tour of Germany by the Duke and Duchess of Windsor Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan Al-Adid Áedán mac Gabráin Ælle of Sussex Æthelbald of Mercia Æthelbald, King of Wessex Æthelberht, King of Wessex Æthelberht of Kent Æthelflæd Æthelred I of Wessex Æthelred of Mercia Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians Æthelred the Unready Æthelstan Æthelwold ætheling Æthelwulf, King of Wessex Afonso, Prince Imperial of Brazil Ahmose I Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Alboin Aldfrith of Northumbria Alexander II Zabinas Alexander of Greece Alexandra of Denmark Prince Alfred of Great Britain Princess Alice of Battenberg Alice of Champagne Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia Anna of East Anglia Anne, Queen of Great Britain Anne of Denmark Antiochus XII Dionysus Antiochus XI Epiphanes King Arthur Atlanersa Attalus I Augustus Basiliscus Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom Beorhtwulf of Mercia Brochfael ap Meurig Pedro Álvares Cabral Cædwalla Caroline of Ansbach Catherine de' Medici Ceawlin of Wessex Chagatai Khan Charles I of England Charles I of Anjou Charles II of England Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Princess Charlotte of Wales (1796–1817) Cleopatra Death of Cleopatra Cleopatra Selene of Syria Coenred of Mercia Coenwulf of Mercia Constans II (son of Constantine III) Constantine II of Scotland Constantine III (Western Roman emperor) Constantine (son of Basil I) Constantine (son of Theophilos) David I of Scotland David (son of Heraclius) Diocletian Djedkare Isesi Domitian Donnchadh, Earl of Carrick Theodore Komnenos Doukas Eadbald of Kent Eadred Eadwig Eardwulf of Northumbria Ecgberht, King of Wessex Edgar, King of England Edmund I Edmund Ætheling Edward I Edward II Edward VI Edward VII Edward VIII Edward the Elder Edward the Martyr Elizabeth I Elizabeth II Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover Demetrius III Eucaerus Antiochus X Eusebes Exhumation and reburial of Richard III of England Fakhr al-Din II Family of Gediminas Frederick the Great Frederick III, German Emperor Genghis Khan Geoffrey (archbishop of York) George I of Great Britain George I of Greece George II of Great Britain George III George IV George V George VI Fall of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence Prince George of Denmark Prince William, Duke of Gloucester Glycerius Al-Hafiz Amir Hamzah Princess Helena of the United Kingdom Henry I of England Henry II of England Henry III of England Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor Hö'elün Hurra-yi Khuttali Joaquim José Inácio, Viscount of Inhaúma Ine of Wessex Isabeau of Bavaria James II of England James VI and I Jianwen Emperor Jochi John, King of England Jovan Vladimir Manuel I Komnenos Tadeusz Kościuszko Marquis de Lafayette Theodore II Laskaris Christopher Lekapenos Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão, Marquis of Paraná Prince Louis of Battenberg Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll Nelson Mandela Marcian Princess Maria Amélia of Brazil Martinus (son of Heraclius) Marwan I Mary II Mary, Queen of Scots Mary of Teck Empress Matilda Maximian Melisende, Queen of Jerusalem Menkauhor Kaiu Meurig ab Arthfael Muhammad I of Granada Mu'awiya I Al-Mu'tadid Al-Mu'tasim Muhammad II of Granada Muhammad III of Granada Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid Muhammad IV of Granada Baron Munchausen Al-Musta'li Al-Muti' Nasr of Granada Neferefre Neferirkare Kakai Merenre Nemtyemsaf I Nizar ibn al-Mustansir Norodom Ranariddh Nynetjer Nyuserre Ini Prince Octavius of Great Britain Odaenathus Óengus I Offa of Mercia Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia Olga Constantinovna of Russia Andreas Palaiologos José Paranhos, Viscount of Rio Branco Pari Khan Khanum Pedro I of Brazil Pedro II of Brazil Pedro Afonso, Prince Imperial of Brazil John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke Penda of Mercia Pepi I Meryre Philip I Philadelphus Ramesses VI Ranavalona I Ranavalona III Rani of Jhansi Raymond III, Count of Tripoli Raynald of Châtillon Rhys ap Gruffudd Richard II of England Sahure Salih ibn Mirdas Sayf al-Dawla Seleucus VI Epiphanes Domenico Selvo Sennacherib Shepseskaf Shepseskare Sheshi Shunzhi Emperor Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias Simeon I of Bulgaria Wallis Simpson Siward, Earl of Northumbria Manuel Marques de Sousa, Count of Porto Alegre Stephen I of Hungary Stephen, King of England Charlotte Stuart, Duchess of Albany Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik Tiberius III Thekla (daughter of Theophilos) Theodosius III Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies Thurisind Tolui Unas Userkaf Userkare Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine Queen Victoria Al-Walid I Wiglaf of Mercia Wihtred of Kent William III of England William IV William the Conqueror Władysław II Jagiełło Wulfhere of Mercia Yazid I Yusuf I of Granada Zenobia Featured lists List of French monarchs List of monarchs of East Anglia List of Roman emperors List of current monarchs of sovereign states List of emperors of the Han dynasty List of emperors of the Ming dynasty List of emperors of the Song dynasty List of longest-living members of the British royal family List of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty List of sultans of Zanzibar List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire Featured pictures File:After Hans Holbein the Younger - Portrait of Henry VIII - Google Art Project.jpg File:Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur Tedder on the Italian coast, 17 December 1943.jpg File:Alexander Roslin - King Gustav III of Sweden and his Brothers - Google Art Project.jpg File:Amalia de Llano y Dotres, condesa de Vilches (Federico de Madrazo).jpg File:Ambrogio de Predis - Bianca Maria Sforza - Google Art Project.jpg File:Anne de Clèves - Hans Holbein le Jeune - Musée du Louvre Peintures INV 1348 ; MR 756 - version 2.jpg File:Antoine-François Callet - Louis XVI, roi de France et de Navarre (1754-1793), revêtu du grand costume royal en 1779 - Google Art Project.jpg File:Bust of Germanicus, front - Getty Museum (2021.66).jpg File:Bust of Shapur II the Great in the Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg File:Carle Van Loo - Marie Leszczinska, reine de France (1703-1768) - Google Art Project.jpg File:Charles Motte - Rossini et Georges IV - la soirée de Brighton.jpg File:Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend by Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt (2).jpg File:Crowning Tribhuvan of Nepal (1911) (restoration).jpg File:Death of King Alfonso XII of Spain.jpg File:Elizabeth II greets NASA GSFC employees, May 8, 2007 edit.jpg File:Fourier2 - restoration1.jpg File:Francisco Goya - Portrait of Ferdinand VII of Spain in his robes of state (1815) 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Pedro II na abertura da Assembléia Geral.jpg File:Pedro II of Brazil - Brady-Handy.jpg File:Pedro II of Brazil by Nadar.jpg File:Philip IV of Spain - Velázquez 1644.jpg File:Philip de László - Princess Elizabeth of York - 1933.jpg File:Portrait of King Yeongjo - Chae Yong Shin (蔡龍臣 1850-1941) Cho Seok-jin (趙錫晉 1853-1920) et (cropped).jpg File:Portrait of Napoleon II by Thomas Lawrence (1818–1819).jpg File:Portrait of Yi Haeung (National Museum of Korea).jpg File:Prince James Francis Edward Stuart by Alexis Simon Belle.jpg File:Princess Sikhanyiso Dlamini of Eswatini.jpg File:Prokudin-Gorskii-19.jpg File:Retrato da D. Amélia de Beauharnais - Google Art Project.jpg File:Rosette, Titles of Shah Jahan.jpg File:Royal Wedding Stockholm 2010-Slottsbacken-05 edit.jpg File:Russian Imperial Family 1913.jpg File:Salote Tupou III of Tonga in 1908.jpg File:Selassie restored.jpg File:Sheikh Maktoum.jpg File:Sher Ali (1825-1879) Amir of Afghanistan, photographed in 1869 by John Burke.jpg File:Sir Anthony Van Dyck - Charles I (1600-49) - Google Art Project.jpg File:Sultan Mehmed IV (2).jpg File:Sébah & Joaillier - Sultan Mehmed VI.jpg File:The Qianlong Emperor in Ceremonial Armour on Horseback.jpg File:Tizian - Portrait of Federico II Gonzaga - circa 1525.jpg File:Victor Hugo by Étienne Carjat 1876 - full.jpg Featured topics Cleopatra Topics Categories Category puzzle Select [►] to view subcategories Monarchy Monarchies Monarchs Monarchy-related lists Royalty Abdication Abolition of monarchy Royal anthems Christ the King Coronation Royal and noble courts Crown land Diarchies Elective monarchy Empires Enlightened absolutism Royal families Royal favourites Fiction about monarchy Royal guards Heirs apparent Hereditary monarchy Historians of monarchy and royalty Royal households Interregnums Legislation relating to monarchy Lèse-majesté Royal mistresses Monarchism Monarchy and money Network monarchy Non-sovereign monarchy Personal unions Royal prerogative Princely rebellions Privy councils Real unions Monarchy referendums Regalia Regency (government) Regicides Reigns Restorations (politics) Royal residences Royal styles Royal Warrant holders Self-proclaimed monarchy State ritual and ceremonies Succession Tetrarchy Works about monarchy Select [►] to view subcategories Royalty Royalty by cause of death Royalty by continent Royalty by nationality Royalty by populated place Royalty-related lists Royalty by century Monarchs Royal and noble courts Royal titles LGBTQ royalty Royalty and nobility with disabilities Female royalty Jewish royalty Cultural depictions of royal people Fictional royalty Ancient royalty Royal attire Balls (dance party) Books written by royalty Royal children Christian royal saints Royal consorts Royal correspondents Deaths and funerals of royalty and nobility Exiled royalty Royal families Heirs apparent Heirs to the throne Historians of monarchy and royalty Kings Lovers of royalty Medieval royalty Royalty and nobility models Royal monuments Music dedicated to nobility or royalty Nicknames in royalty Royal Olympic participants Royal family orders Organizations with royal patronage Pretenders Princes Princesses Remarried royal consorts Royal reburials Royal Warrant holders Royal scandals Sheikhs Royal vehicles Royal visits Royal weddings Works about royalty Royalty stubs Wikipedia categories named after royalty WikiProjects WikiProject Royalty and Nobility WikiProject British Royalty WikiProject Biography WikiProject Commonwealth realms WikiProject Politics Things you can do Here are some tasks awaiting attention: Verify : Royal family – When a task is completed, please remove it from the list. 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