Portal:Shia Islam

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Mourning of Muharram

The Mourning of Muharram, is a set of rituals associated with Shia Islam, which takes place in Muharram, the first month of the Islamic calendar, maraking the anniversary of the Battle of Karbala when Imam Hussein ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad, and a Shia Imam, who was killed and beheaded by the forces of the second Umayyad caliph Yazid I at Karbala. Family members, accompanying Hussein ibn Ali, were killed or subjected to humiliation. The commemoration of the event during yearly mourning season, from first of Muharram to twentieth of Safar with Ashura comprising the focal date, serves to define Shia communal identity.

Shia Muslims usually wear black besides blacking out the mosques and streets to express their sorrow for the death of Husayn ibn Ali. At present, Muharram Observances are carried out in countries with noteworthy Shia population, including Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Lebanon, India, and Bahrain.

Shia Islam

Shi'a Islam or Shi`ism (from the Arabic word شيعة, short for the historic phrase shi`at `Ali شيعة علي, meaning "the followers of Ali") is the second-largest Islamic denomination. The singular/adjective form of this name is Arabic shi`i شيعي, traditionally translated into English as "Shiite" or "Shi'ite". This is used to refer to a follower of the Ahlul Bayt, and in particular a follower of Ali ibn Abi Talib, who was the Islamic prophet Muhammad's cousin, his son-in-law, and the father of Muhammad's only descendants. Ali was the male head of the Ahlul Bayt (Muhammad's household).

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A manuscript of "Al-Risalah al-Dhahabiah"
Al-Risalah al-Dhahabiah (Arabic: الرسالة الذهبیة‎ , Arabic pronunciation: ['rɪsælætæ 'ðæhæ'biæ]; "The Golden Treatise") is a medical dissertation on health and remedies attributed to Ali ibn Musa al-Ridha (765–818), the eighth Imam of Shia. He wrote this dissertation in accordance with the demand of Ma'mun, the caliph of the time. It is revered as the most precious Islamic literature in the science of medicine, and was entitled "the golden treatise" as Ma'mun had ordered it written in gold ink. The chain of narrators is said to reach Muhammad ibn Jumhoor or al-Hassan ibn Muhammad al-Nawfali who is described as "highly esteemed and trustworthy" by al-Najjashi. The treatise of Ali al-Ridha includes scientific branches such as Anatomy, Physiology, Chemistry and Pathology when medical science was still primitive. According to the treatise, one's health is determined by four humors of blood, yellow bile, black bile and phlegm, the suitable proportion of which maintains the health. The liver plays an important role in producing and maintaining the required proportions in the body. Ali al-Ridha describes the body as a kingdom whose king is the heart while the (blood) vessels, the limbs, and the brain are the laborers.

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A Tazieh scene
Credit: Payam Moein

A Tazieh scene which is a kind of Passion Play on the tragic fate of Husayn ibn Ali in Karbala.

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Hhussain ibn ali.jpg
"If you neither believe in religion nor fear the hereafter, then at least be free from tyranny and arrogance"

Source

  • Biharul Anwar, Vol. 45, P. 51

On this day

Movement of Husayn ibn Ali's caravan towards Karbala

8th of Muharram:

In the news

Terrorist attacks
  • According to Interior Ministry of Saudi Arabia, 5 people killed and nine wounded on 16 October, 2015 in an attack on a Shia Muslim community congregated in commemoration of Ashura in Saihat, eastern Saudi Arabia (BBC)

Chosen holy figures

Calligraphy of Ali
Ali ibn Abi Talib (Arabic: علي بن أبي طالبtranslit.: ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib; 13th Rajab, 22 or 16 BH – 21st Ramaḍān, 40 AH; September 20, 601 or July 17, 607 or 600 – January 27, 661) was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, ruling over the Islamic Caliphate from 656 to 661. A son of Abu Talib, Ali was also the first young male who accepted Islam. Sunnis consider Ali the fourth and final of the Rashidun (rightly guided Caliphs), while Shias regard Ali as the first Imam after Muhammad, and consider him and his descendants the rightful successors to Muhammad, all of whom are members of the Ahl al-Bayt, the household of Muhammad. This disagreement split the Ummah (Muslim community) into the Sunni and Shi`i branches. Many sources, especially Shia ones, record that Ali was the only person born in the sacred sanctuary of the Kaaba in Mecca, the holiest place in Islam. His father was Abu Talib and his mother was Fatima bint Asad, but he was raised in the household of Muhammad, who himself was raised by Abu Talib, Muhammad's uncle and Ali's father. When Muhammad reported receiving a divine revelation, Ali was the first male to accept his message and first to convert to Islam at the age of 12, dedicating his life to the cause of Islam.

Selected biography

Sayyid Saeed Akhtar Rizvi
Sayyid Sa‘eed Akhtar Rizvi (Urdu: سيد سعيد اختر رضوي‎) was an Indian born, Twelver Shī‘ah scholar, who promoted Islam in East Africa. He was given authorizations (Arabic: Ijazah‎) by fourteen Grand Ayatullahs for riwayah, Qazawah, and Umur-e-Hasbiyah. Rizvi was born in Ushri, Saran district, Bihar state, India, in 1927. His father was Sayyid Abul Hassan Rizvi and who was also a Maulana. He had five sons and two daughters. His second eldest son, Hujjat-ul-Islam wal Muslimeen Maulana Sayyid Muhammad Rizvi lives in Toronto, Canada.He is the Imam of the Islamic Shia Ithna‘asheri Jamaat (ISIJ) of Toronto, Jaffari Islamic Center. He spoke Urdu, English, Arabic, Persian, Swahili and knew Hindi and Gujarati.

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Khomeini-shrine, Tehran

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