President of the Soviet Union

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President of the Soviet Union
State Emblem
Mikhail Gorbachev
Residence	Grand Kremlin Palace, Moscow
Appointer	Direct election,^[1] Congress of People's Deputies^[2]
Formation	15 March 1990
First holder	Mikhail Gorbachev
Final holder	Mikhail Gorbachev
Abolished	25 December 1991

Society

Economy
Agriculture Consumer goods Five-Year Plan Kosygin reform New Economic Policy Science and technology Era of Stagnation Material balance planning Transport War communism
Culture
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Repression
Censorship Censorship of images Great Purge Gulag system Collectivization Human rights Ideological repression Political abuse of psychiatry Political repression Population transfer Propaganda Suppressed research Red Terror Soviet Empire

The President of the Soviet Union (Russian: Президент Советского Союза, Prezident Sovetskogo Soyuza), officially called President of the USSR (Russian: Президент СССР^[1]) or President of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics (Russian: Президент Союза Советских Социалистических Республик), was the head of state of the Soviet Union from 15 March 1990 to 25 December 1991. Mikhail Gorbachev was the only person to occupy the office. Gorbachev was also General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union between March 1985 and August 1991. He derived an increasingly greater share of his power from his position as president until he finally resigned as General Secretary after the Soviet coup d'état attempt of 1991.

The presidency was an executive post, based on a mixture of the U. S. and French presidencies.

Prior to the creation of the post of president, the de jure head of state of the Soviet Union was the chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, who was often called "president" by non-Soviet sources. For most of the Soviet Union's existence, all effective executive political power was in the hands of the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the Chairman of the Presidium exercising largely symbolic and figurehead duties. Starting with Leonid Brezhnev in 1977, the last four General Secretaries—Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov, Konstantin Chernenko and Gorbachev—simultaneously served as de jure head of state during their time in office.

The president was initially elected by the Congress of People's Deputies and served as ex officio chairman of that body, but all future elections were to have been by popular vote. During the election of the president several candidates were nominated, among leading contenders were KGB persona Vadim Bakatin and Premier Nikolai Ryzhkov.

The Vice President of the Soviet Union was Gennady Yanayev, who briefly usurped Gorbachev as president in the 1991 attempted coup as leader of the State Committee of the State of Emergency.

List of Presidents of the Soviet Union

No.	Portrait	Name (Born–Died)	Took office	Left office	Political Party
style="background:Template:Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color; color:white"\| 1		Mikhail Gorbachev (1931–)	15 March 1990	25 December 1991	Communist
style="background:Template:Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color; color:white"\| –	File:Gennady Yanayev.jpg	Gennady Yanayev (usurper) (1937–2010)	19 August 1991	21 August 1991	Communist

References

v t e Heads of state of the Soviet Union
Heads of state	Kalinin (1922–1946) Shvernik (1946–1953) Voroshilov (1953–1960) Brezhnev (1960–1964) Mikoyan (1964–1965) Podgorny (1965–1977) Brezhnev (1977–1982) Andropov (1983–1984) Chernenko (1984–1985) Gromyko (1985–1988) Gorbachev (1988–1991)
Vice heads of state	Kuznetsov (1977–1986) Demichev (1986–1988) Lukyanov (1988–1990) Yanayev (1990–1991)

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List of Presidents of the Soviet Union

See also

References